Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Artificial Reefs A Disposal Option For Navy And Marad Ships
Download Artificial Reefs A Disposal Option For Navy And Marad Ships full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Artificial Reefs A Disposal Option For Navy And Marad Ships ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Artificial Reefs by : Michael V. Hynes
Download or read book Artificial Reefs written by Michael V. Hynes and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2004 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2005, the U.S. Navy and the Maritime Administration will have accumulated some 360 retired ships in need of disposal. A previous RAND study reviewed disposal options such as recycling (either domestically or overseas) and long-term storage. However, preparation and use of the ships for construction of artificial reefs was identified as the lowest-cost option. With the demonstrated potential attractiveness of reefing as a disposal option, in this study the authors examine the economic, legal, environmental, and programmatic issues that might bear on the Navy's decision to pursue the reefing option more seriously. They examine the demand for ships to be used as reefs and the impediments to such use, suggest program goals, and review possible business models for their potential to minimize risks and costs to the Navy.
Book Synopsis Artificial Reefs: A Disposal Option for Navy and MARAD Ships by :
Download or read book Artificial Reefs: A Disposal Option for Navy and MARAD Ships written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the next 20 years, after accounting for unfunded forms of ship disposal such as donations, sales, or transfers to foreign governments and private interests, more than 350 Navy and Maritime Administration (MARAD) vessels will require some form of government-funded disposal. A previous RAND Corporation study (Hess et al., Disposal Options for Ships, MR-1377-NAVY, 2001) reviewed such disposal options, including recycling (either domestically or overseas) and long-term storage. Preparation and use of ships for construction of artificial reefs was identified as the lowest-cost domestic option for ship disposal. In the research reported here, we examine the demand for ships as reefs and the impediments to such use. We suggest program goals and review possible business models for their potential to minimize risks and costs to the Navy. While it had been our intention to conduct a more-thorough analysis, the U.S. Navy, for which this research was conducted, found our preliminary results satisfactory for its purposes and asked that we not proceed further. Our reefing analysis is thus suggestive, rather than definitive. For the reader's convenience, a synopsis of the earlier study is included in this briefing. Some of the findings have been updated to reflect information coming to our attention since that report was published.
Book Synopsis Disposal Options for Ships by : Ronald Wayne Hess
Download or read book Disposal Options for Ships written by Ronald Wayne Hess and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2001 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies and evaluates options for the disposal of U.S. Navy andU.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) ships. Four options are considered:long-term storage, domestic recycling, overseas recycling, and reefing(i.e., the sinking of ships to build artificial reefs). The authorsexamined the use of private and public U.S. shipyards, internationalorganizations, and partnerships between U.S. and foreign companies. Thestudy took applicable environmental and worker health and safety regulationsinto account to arrive at estimates of the costs, benefits, capacities,capabilities, feasibility, and risks associated with each option. It foundthat the Navy and MARAD should exploit the experience gained in the Navy_songoing Ship Disposal Program and the recently initiated MARAD program todispose of poor-condition ships in the inventory. Such a strategy wouldreduce the current risk of ship sinking or other notable environmentaldamage., At the same time, this study also found that both agencies shouldinitiate coordinated discussions with the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) and other coastal regulatory authorities to develop standards forreefing that will make it a viable, long-term option for disposing of asmany of the 358 ships in the current inactive fleet as possible. The Navyand MARAD should not opt for overseas recycling; such a program wouldinvolve many impediments and difficulties. Neither should they opt forlong-term storage, which entails high and uncertain costs and only defers,rather than solves, the problem of disposing of the ships.
Download or read book Disposal Options for Ships written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Navy and the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) together preside over a fleet of some 450 retired naval vessels and merchant ships that grows each month as ship retirements continue. Some of these ships will find their way into the navies of U.S. allies and friendly nations, others will be sold or donated to interested parties, and some will be consumed in live-fire military exercises known as sinking exercises, or SINKEX. Those that remain, about 358 ships, will require some other form of disposal over the next 20 years. Those 358 ships were the focus of our study. We evaluated four options for how the Navy and MARAD might proceed: long-term storage, domestic recycling (ship dismantlement in U.S. naval or commercial shipyards), overseas recycling, and "reefing"--I.e., the sinking of a ship(s) to create an artificial reef for a marine habitat or as a site for recreational divers. Of these four, only the last three are truly ship-disposal options. Long-term storage, which defers the decision of how to dispose of the ships until some later date, was included to show the consequences of taking no action.
Book Synopsis Rigs-to-reefs by : Villere C. Reggio
Download or read book Rigs-to-reefs written by Villere C. Reggio and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How to Build Marine Artificial Reefs by : R. O. Parker
Download or read book How to Build Marine Artificial Reefs written by R. O. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial reefs provide or improve rough bottom habitat and offer fishery scientists and administrators an effective technique to conserve and develop coastal fishery resources. With careful planning and organized efforts, local reef committees can build reefs to improve fishing and contribute to the recreational and financial growth of coastal communities. Advice and procedures are presented for: 1) selecting construction materials, 2) determining a suitable reef site, 3) obtaining permits, 4) buoying the reef, and 5) preparing, transporting, and placing reef-building materials. Included in appendixes are instructions for preparing permits, addresses of Federal and State agencies involved in approving or funding reef construction, and addresses of manufacturers of materials and equipment.
Book Synopsis Structure in the Sea by : William Seaman
Download or read book Structure in the Sea written by William Seaman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-23 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure in the Sea: The Science, Technology and Effects of Purpose-Built Reefs and Related Surfaces provides a review of the history, development, status and emerging trends in research, technology and applications of artificial reef habitats and sea floor structures. The book helps readers understand, utilize and add to the research of modern reef deployment efforts, presenting a guide to equip stakeholders requiring technical foundations and best practices. Topics include materials, designs and construction methods, along with the ecology of these structures, including key aspects of the life history of plants and animals associated with artificial reefs. Rigorous research addressing ecological, economic and engineering questions, coupled with the innovative deployment of structures worldwide by diverse stakeholders, have created a synergy that makes the book a valuable synthesis and analysis for this growing subject. Thus, its broad audience includes marine (coastal and ocean) environmental sciences, including aquatic ecologists, those working in ocean sustainability and conservation, benthic habitat and coral reef restoration practitioners, and more. - Presents a new perspective on how we might save natural wonders under threat - Provides a representation of reefs, showing the economic and humanitarian value of these natural ecosystems - Unlocks potentials for solutions for conservation by including global case studies
Download or read book National Artificial Reef Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Creation of Artificial Reefs Withing the U.S. Continental Shelf Using Surplus Armored Vehicles (Reef-Ex), EA. by :
Download or read book Creation of Artificial Reefs Withing the U.S. Continental Shelf Using Surplus Armored Vehicles (Reef-Ex), EA. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Artificial Reef Evaluation by : William Seaman
Download or read book Artificial Reef Evaluation written by William Seaman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beneath the coastal waters of the world lie thousands of artificial reefs. Some are old and retired freighters and ships that once plied the oceans of the world but now serve as habitats for marine life. Others are newer reefs that have been designed and built for specific applications. With the field of aquatic habitat technology continually growi
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :816 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2005 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations
Download or read book Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2005 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Artificial Reefs by : Donald Y. Aska
Download or read book Artificial Reefs written by Donald Y. Aska and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Naval Law Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :820 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2005: Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations
Download or read book Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2005: Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Transportation and Treasury, and Independent Agencies Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Artificial Reefs in European Seas by : Antony Jensen
Download or read book Artificial Reefs in European Seas written by Antony Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial Reefs in European Seas focuses on artificial reef research in the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic. The book describes most of the long-term projects running in European seas, presents the legal and economic issues, and suggests future uses for artificial reefs in the European context. Readership: Professionals working on or interested in the uses of artificial reefs for fishery management, coastal zone management, aquaculture and nature conservation. The case studies of reef research programmes make the book ideal for degree students studying topics in ecology, and fisheries and coastal management.
Book Synopsis The Merchant Marine Act, 1936, the Maritime Security Act of 2003, the Shipping Act of 1984, and Related Acts by : United States
Download or read book The Merchant Marine Act, 1936, the Maritime Security Act of 2003, the Shipping Act of 1984, and Related Acts written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Merchant Marine Act, 1936, the Maritime Security Act of 1996, the Shipping Act of 1984, and Related Acts by : United States
Download or read book The Merchant Marine Act, 1936, the Maritime Security Act of 1996, the Shipping Act of 1984, and Related Acts written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
