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Aromatics Oxidation And Soot Formation In Flames
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Book Synopsis Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames by :
Download or read book Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is concerned with the kinetics and mechanisms of aromatics oxidation and soot and fullerenes formation in flames. The scope includes detailed measurements of profiles of stable and radical species concentrations in low-pressure one-dimensional premixed flames. Intermediate species identifications and mole fractions, fluxes, and net reaction rates calculated from the measured profiles are used to test postulated reaction mechanisms. Particular objectives are to identify, and to confirm or determine rate constants for, the main benzene oxidation reactions in flames, and to characterize soot and fullerenes and their formation mechanisms and kinetics. Stable and radical species profiles in the aromatics oxidation study are measured using molecular beam sampling with on-line mass spectrometry. The rate of soot formation measured by conventional optical techniques is found to support the hypotheses that particle inception occurs through reactive coagulation of high molecular weight PAH in competition with destruction by OHattack, and that the subsequent growth of the soot mass occurs through addition reactions of PAH and C[sub 2]H[sub 2] with the soot particles. During the first year of this reporting period, fullerenes C[sub 60] and C[sub 70] in substantial quantities were found in the flames being studied. The fullerenes were recovered, purified and spectroscopically identified. The yields of C[sub 60] and C[sub 70] were then determined over ranges of conditions in low-pressure premixed flames of benzene and oxygen.
Book Synopsis Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames. Progress Report, August 15, 1993--June 30, 1994 by :
Download or read book Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames. Progress Report, August 15, 1993--June 30, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is concerned with the kinetics and mechanisms of aromatic oxidation and soot and fullerenes formation in flames. The objective of the aromatics oxidation work is to identify and measure the concentration of important intermediates and products in benzene oxidation, and to determine reaction mechanisms and kinetics properties consistent with the behavior seen in flames. The research on soot formation is concerned primarily with the particle inception stages, but the work includes study of soot structure at all stages of growth in order to obtain mechanistic information from evidence of growth steps recorded in the structure of the particles. The ultimate objective is to understand how nascent soot particles are formed from high molecular weight compounds, including the roles of planar and curved PAH and the relationship between soot and fullerenes. The objective of the proposed research on fullerenes is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the range of fullerenes formed in flames, the nature of the precursor species, and the mechanisms and kinetics of the formation reactions.
Book Synopsis Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames. Progress Report, August 15, 1990--August 14, 1993 by :
Download or read book Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames. Progress Report, August 15, 1990--August 14, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is concerned with the kinetics and mechanisms of aromatics oxidation and soot and fullerenes formation in flames. The scope includes detailed measurements of profiles of stable and radical species concentrations in low-pressure one-dimensional premixed flames. Intermediate species identifications and mole fractions, fluxes, and net reaction rates calculated from the measured profiles are used to test postulated reaction mechanisms. Particular objectives are to identify, and to confirm or determine rate constants for, the main benzene oxidation reactions in flames, and to characterize soot and fullerenes and their formation mechanisms and kinetics. Stable and radical species profiles in the aromatics oxidation study are measured using molecular beam sampling with on-line mass spectrometry. The rate of soot formation measured by conventional optical techniques is found to support the hypotheses that particle inception occurs through reactive coagulation of high molecular weight PAH in competition with destruction by OHattack, and that the subsequent growth of the soot mass occurs through addition reactions of PAH and C2H2 with the soot particles. During the first year of this reporting period, fullerenes C60 and C--0 in substantial quantities were found in the flames being studied. The fullerenes were recovered, purified and spectroscopically identified. The yields of C60 and C--0 were then determined over ranges of conditions in low-pressure premixed flames of benzene and oxygen.
Book Synopsis Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames. Progress Report for Year Beginning 15 August 1988 by :
Download or read book Aromatics Oxidation and Soot Formation in Flames. Progress Report for Year Beginning 15 August 1988 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work during this contract period has been concerned with the mechanisms through which aromatics are formed and destroyed in flames, and the processes responsible for soot formation. Recent progress has been primarily in two areas: experiments and modeling of the soot nucleation process in low pressure benzene flames and preparation for experiments on the destruction mechanisms of benzene. In addition, we have incorporated ''weak collision'' formalisms into a fall-off computer code.
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in Combustion by : Henning Bockhorn
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Book Synopsis Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties by : J. Lahaye
Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Book Synopsis Examination of Mechanisms and Fuel-Molecular Effects on Soot Formation by : Meredith Colket (III.)
Download or read book Examination of Mechanisms and Fuel-Molecular Effects on Soot Formation written by Meredith Colket (III.) and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of hydrocarbons has been pyrolyzed in a single-pulse shock tube over the temperature range of 1000 to 2400 K and for dwell times of 500 to 700 microseconds. Gas samples of reactant, intermediate, and final products were collected and analyzed using gas chromatography. Chemical kinetic models in good agreement with data were developed for several of the hydrocarbons that were pyrolyzed. Specific mechanisms and rate coefficients have been proposed in order to describe formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. These latter processes are believed to lead to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot precursors, and eventually soot. The work has focused on the pyrolysis of acetylene, since this species appears to be the dominant species in soot-forming regions of flames and has been shown to play a major role in the soot-forming process. Keywords: Hydrocarbon pyrolysis, Oxidation, Acetylene, Ethylene, Vinylacetylene, Benzene, Formation of aromatics, Soot formation.
Book Synopsis Particulate Carbon by : Donald Siegla
Download or read book Particulate Carbon written by Donald Siegla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the symposium, "Particulate Carbon: Formation During Combustion", held at the General Motors Research Laboratories on October 15 and 16, 1980, was to discuss fundamental aspects of soot formation and oxidation in combustion systems and to stimulate new research by extensive interactions among the participants. This book contains lhe papers and discussions of that symposium, the 26th in an annual series covering many different disciplines which are timely and of interest to both General Motors and the technical community at large. The subject of this symposium has considerable relevance for man in his effort to control and preserve his environment. Emission of particulate carbon into the atmos phere from combustion sources is of concern to scientists and laymen alike. The hope of reducing this emission clearly requires an understanding of its formation during the combustion process, itself an area of considerable long-term research interest. It is our hope that this symposium has served to summarize what is known so that what remains to be learned can be pursued with greater vigor.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Aromatic Structure on Soot Formation in a Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flame by : Carson Noel Chu
Download or read book The Effect of Aromatic Structure on Soot Formation in a Laminar Co-flow Diffusion Flame written by Carson Noel Chu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study presents an experimental approach to investigate the effect of the structure of aromatics on soot formation. Aromatics including 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and n-propylbenzene were chosen as the fuels in this study. A small amount of naphthalene was added to the fuel to assess the effect of naphthalene addition on soot formation. Quantitative measurements including soot volume fraction, flame temperature, and soot primary particle diameter were obtained by the Laser-induced Incandescence and Spectral Soot Emission techniques. Despite having the same molecular mass, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was found to be sootier than n-propylbenzene. On the other hand, the addition of naphthalene affected n-propylbenzene more than 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene on soot formation. A numerical modelling was also performed to obtain better insight of the fuel chemistry and it was shown that the models do not fully agree with the experimental results.
Book Synopsis Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles by : Andrea D'Anna
Download or read book Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles written by Andrea D'Anna and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-13 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot is of importance for its contribution to atmospheric particles with their adverse health impacts and for its contributions to heat transfer in furnaces and combustors, to luminosity from candles, and to smoke that hinders escape from buildings during fires and that impacts global warming or cooling. The different chapters of the book adress comprehensively the different aspects from fundamental approaches to applications in technical combustion devices.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detailed Modeling of Soot Formation/Oxidation in Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames by :
Download or read book Detailed Modeling of Soot Formation/Oxidation in Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PhD.
Book Synopsis Soot Formation in Turbulent Combusting Flows by :
Download or read book Soot Formation in Turbulent Combusting Flows written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the effects of turbulence on the spatial distribution of the soot particle and OH fields in turbulent C2H4 air/jet diffusion flames. Measurements obtained using planar laser-induced incandescence (LII) for soot volume fraction and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for both OH, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formed the basis for investigating soot formation and destruction processes in these flames. These laser-based techniques were applied to the flame independently as well as simultaneously. Extensive information on the structure of the soot and OH fields was obtained from two-dimensional imaging experiments. Imaging results for soot, OH and PAH indicated three distinct soot formation/oxidation regions; a rapid soot growth region, in which OH and soot particles lie in distinctly different radial locations; a mixing dominated region controlled by large-scale fluid motion; and, finally, a soot oxidation region in which the OH and soot fields overlap spatially, resulting in the rapid oxidation of soot particles. Detailed quantitative analyses including soot volume fraction, OH and soot zone thickness variations, and probabilities distributions for soot and OH were performed. The measurements of soot and OH zone thickness showed that the soot zone thickness varied nearly linearly in the formation region, while approximately a doubling of thickness of the OH zone was evident over the studied Reynolds number range (4000-23000). The probability density function results tor soot, OH, and PAH indicated that OH and PAH are spatially interrelated with respect to soot formation and oxidation processes.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Axisymmetric Counterflow Diffusion Flames by : Keunchul Lee
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Axisymmetric Counterflow Diffusion Flames written by Keunchul Lee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Pressure on the Mechanisms of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Laminar Diffusion Flames by : Chul Han Kim
Download or read book Effects of Pressure on the Mechanisms of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Laminar Diffusion Flames written by Chul Han Kim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
