Armies And Insurgencies In The Arab Spring

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Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring

Author : Holger Albrecht
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 081229324X
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring by : Holger Albrecht

Download or read book Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring written by Holger Albrecht and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the popular uprisings that swept across the Arab world beginning in 2010, armed forces remained pivotal actors in politics throughout the region. As demonstrators started to challenge entrenched autocratic rulers in Tunis, Cairo, Sana'a, and Manama, the militaries stormed back into the limelight and largely determined whether any given ruler survived the protests. In Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen, senior officers pulled away from their presidents, while in Algeria, Bahrain, and Syria, they did not. More important, military officers took command in shaping the new order and conflict trajectories throughout that region. Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring explores the central problems surrounding the role of armed forces in the contemporary Arab world. How and why do military apparatuses actively intervene in politics? What explains the fact that in some countries, military officers and rank-and-file take steps to defend an incumbent, while in others they defect and refrain from suppressing popular protest? What are the institutional legacies of the military's engagement during, and in the immediate aftermath of, mass uprisings? Focusing on these questions, editors Holger Albrecht, Aurel Croissant, and Fred H. Lawson have organized Armies and Insurgencies in the Arab Spring into three sections. The first employs case studies to make comparisons within and between regions; the second examines military engagements in the Arab uprisings in Yemen, Bahrain, and Syria; and the third looks at political developments following the cresting of the protest wave in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, and the Gulf. The collection promotes better understanding not only of the particular history of military engagement in the Arab Spring but also of significant aspects of the transformation of political-military relations in other regions of the contemporary world. Contributors: Holger Albrecht, Risa A. Brooks, Cherine Chams El-Dine, Virginie Collombier, Aurel Croissant, Philippe Droz-Vincent, Kevin Koehler, Fred H. Lawson, Shana Marshall, Dorothy Ohl, David Pion-Berlin, Tobias Selge, Robert Springborg.

Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces

Author : Derek Lutterbeck
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
ISBN 13 : 1911529293
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces by : Derek Lutterbeck

Download or read book Arab Uprisings and Armed Forces written by Derek Lutterbeck and published by Ubiquity Press. This book was released on 2011-11-08 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since late 2010, an unprecedented wave of protests has swept across much of the Arab world. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of the armed forces when confronted with anti-regime uprisings that demand greater political freedoms or even regime change. Drawing on the cases of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain, Yemen and Syria, it argues that the degree of institutionalization of the armed forces and their relationship to society at large can account for different responses to pro-reform uprisings.

Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring

Author : Sean Burns
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786733196
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring by : Sean Burns

Download or read book Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring written by Sean Burns and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through detailed exploration of events in Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Libya, Syria and Yemen, Sean Burns here breaks down the concept of professionalism within the armed forces into its component parts and demonstrates how variation in military structures determines their behaviour. In so doing, and by emphasising historical context and drawing on a wide range of political science theory, Burns sheds fresh light onto the ways in which military structure affects the potential for democratic transition or the course of civil war. With this book he presented a wide-ranging study of the Middle East which provides key tools to understanding the opportunities for democratisation, both during the Arab Spring and beyond, and which is therefore essential reading for anyone working on the Middle East, popular uprisings and the politics of repression.

After the Spring

Author : Florence Gaub
Publisher : Department of the Army
ISBN 13 : 9781584876465
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (764 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Spring by : Florence Gaub

Download or read book After the Spring written by Florence Gaub and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Arab Spring has renewed Western interest in the political, as well as military, role of Arab armed forces, reform¿rather than mere assistance¿is crucial. In this monograph, the author focuses on the structural aspects of reform from which the Arab Spring forces would benefit. Seven features are identified which need to be addressed when attempting Arab military reform in the countries affected by large-scale unrest in 2011: an unclear mandate, over-politicization, a challenging ongoing security situation, limited resources, lack of civilian oversight, pockets of paramilitary activity, and, in parts, as well as the lack of an institutional perception of reform need. Their origins are elaborated as much as recommendations for what outside assistance can achieve.

The Arab Spring

Author : Jason Brownlee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199660077
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Arab Spring by : Jason Brownlee

Download or read book The Arab Spring written by Jason Brownlee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several years after the Arab Spring began, democracy remains elusive in the Middle East. The Arab Spring that resides in the popular imagination is one in which a wave of mass mobilization swept the broader Middle East, toppled dictators, and cleared the way for democracy. The reality is that few Arab countries have experienced anything of the sort. While Tunisia made progress towards some type of constitutionally entrenched participatory rule, the other countries that overthrew their rulers-Egypt, Yemen, and Libya-remain mired in authoritarianism and instability. Elsewhere in the Arab world uprisings were suppressed, subsided or never materialized. The Arab Spring's modest harvest cries out for explanation. Why did regime change take place in only four Arab countries and why has democratic change proved so elusive in the countries that made attempts? This book attempts to answer those questions. First, by accounting for the full range of variance: from the absence or failure of uprisings in such places as Algeria and Saudi Arabia at one end to Tunisia's rocky but hopeful transition at the other. Second, by examining the deep historical and structure variables that determined the balance of power between incumbents and opposition. Brownlee, Masoud, and Reynolds find that the success of domestic uprisings depended on the absence of a hereditary executive and a dearth of oil rents. Structural factors also cast a shadow over the transition process. Even when opposition forces toppled dictators, prior levels of socioeconomic development and state strength shaped whether nascent democracy, resurgent authoritarianism, or unbridled civil war would follow.

Civil-military Relations, Coup-proofing, and Militaries in the Arab Spring

Author : Mohaned Talib Al-Hamdi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Civil-military Relations, Coup-proofing, and Militaries in the Arab Spring by : Mohaned Talib Al-Hamdi

Download or read book Civil-military Relations, Coup-proofing, and Militaries in the Arab Spring written by Mohaned Talib Al-Hamdi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In late 2010 and early 2011, some Arab countries witnessed mass protests that led to different outcomes. These protests are considered a turning point in the contemporary history of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The protests were a natural outcome of the social, political, and economic conditions that the Arab population had been enduring under the totalitarian regimes who could not understand and deal with the changing circumstances in their countries. The goals of the protests were to improve the living conditions of the population and empower the youth, women, and the marginalized. The term coined to describe these protests was the "Arab Spring" revolutions. Often in history, when protesters have threatened a regime, political leaders have tried to suppress them by using force. Before the Arab Spring, most literature on civil-military relations in the MENA region assumed that the Arab armies represented homogeneous entities whose interests aligned with the interests of the leaders of the states. Some scholars went further to attribute the stability of authoritarian regimes for long periods in the Middle East to the support of these security services. This study is a systematic examination of the civil-military relations in the Arab World during the time of change. It argues that historical evolution of civil-military relations during state-formation periods and the formation of armed forces along ethnic, religious, and tribal lines in the Arab majority countries are significantly related to the outcomes of uprisings. My hypothesis is that Arab militaries' actions during the uprisings and the resulting outcomes, whether civil war, democratization, or authoritarianism were products of decades of different and dissimilar ways that the civil-military relations and the states developed in those countries. Social and ethnic configuration of the armed forces also played an important role in shaping the protest outcomes. The objective of this study is to explain the different responses and reactions of the armed forces to the popular uprisings in those Arab countries. I explain why the behavior of each country's military differed during the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Tunisia, and Syria using comparative case study method. I use these cases to both develop a theory about different outcomes of the uprisings and test the implications of this theory. For robustness check, I apply my theoretical framework to the new wave of the uprisings unfolding in Algeria, Sudan, Lebanon, and Iraq. By and large, the evidence supports my explanation about the roles of historical development of civil-military relations and social composition of armed forces in shaping the outcomes of mass protests.

Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring

Author : Sean Burns (Professor)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781350987821
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring by : Sean Burns (Professor)

Download or read book Revolts and the Military in the Arab Spring written by Sean Burns (Professor) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Through detailed exploration of events in Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Libya, Syria and Yemen, Sean Burns here breaks down the concept of professionalism within the armed forces into its component parts and demonstrates how variation in military structures determines their behaviour. In so doing, and by emphasising historical context and drawing on a wide range of political science theory, Burns sheds fresh light onto the ways in which military structure affects the potential for democratic transition or the course of civil war. With this book he presented a wide-ranging study of the Middle East which provides key tools to understanding the opportunities for democratisation, both during the Arab Spring and beyond, and which is therefore essential reading for anyone working on the Middle East, popular uprisings and the politics of repression."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Soldiers of Democracy?

Author : Sharan Grewal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192873911
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Soldiers of Democracy? by : Sharan Grewal

Download or read book Soldiers of Democracy? written by Sharan Grewal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do some militaries support and others thwart transitions to democracy? After the Arab Spring revolutions, why did Egypt's military stage a coup to end the transition? Conversely, why did Tunisia's military initially support the transition, only to later facilitate the elected president's dismantling of democracy? In Soldiers of Democracy? Military Legacies and the Arab Spring, Sharan Grewal argues that a military's behavior under democracy is shaped by how it had been treated under autocracy. Autocrats who had empowered their militaries produce soldiers who will repress protests and stage coups to preserve their privileges. Meanwhile, autocrats who had marginalized their militaries produce soldiers who support democratization, but who are also more susceptible to incumbent takeovers and civil wars. The dictator's choice to either empower or marginalize the military thus creates legacies that shape both the likelihood of democratization and the forms by which it breaks down. Drawing on over 140 interviews with civilian and military leaders, and three surveys of military personnel, this scholarly volume illustrates this theory through detailed case studies of Egypt and Tunisia. Grewal also probes the generalizability of the theory through a cross-national analysis of all countries between 1946-2010. Overall, he brings the military front and center to the study of democratic transition and consolidation.

After the Spring: Reforming Arab Armies

Author : Strategic Studies Strategic Studies Institute
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781505584851
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (848 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Spring: Reforming Arab Armies by : Strategic Studies Strategic Studies Institute

Download or read book After the Spring: Reforming Arab Armies written by Strategic Studies Strategic Studies Institute and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is important to involve the security sector agents themselves in the process to overcome institutional opposition; appealing to professional ethics and identity is equally bound to be more successful than patronizing civilian attitudes. Ultimately, security sector reform against the wishes of the sector in question will always result in mitigated success, if not to say failure. For better or for worse, Arab security sectors remain one of the pillars of Arab states. Without security, no economic development is possible in either Libya or Egypt-and economic conditions led to the 2011 events in the first place. Western governments so far have refrained from extensive security sector reform in the Arab world, preferring security sector assistance or occasional training. What 2011 has shown, however, is that reforms are not only beneficial, but at this stage mandatory. Since civilian actors are themselves challenged by ongoing transitions, the main agents in this reform will have to be the institutions themselves. Understanding their concerns and needs will certainly foster their cooperation-and in any case such understanding is crucial to delivering the efficient and legally bound security sector that citizens and institutions alike are striving for.

After the Spring

Author : Florence Gaub
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781503288744
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (887 download)

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Book Synopsis After the Spring by : Florence Gaub

Download or read book After the Spring written by Florence Gaub and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Arab military forces had somewhat disappeared from the political landscape since the 1970s, the events of the "Arab Spring" in 2011 have brought them back to the forefront of political change, for better or for worse. Not only were all the challenged regimes of military background, i.e., in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen, but the armed forces played a decisive role in the fall or maintenance of the regimes in question. The future of these forces is therefore crucial in a continuing time of often turbulent change in the Arab world. Outsiders, such as the United States, are challenged to go beyond classical security sector assistance and instead rethink the security sector in these states in a more holistic and comprehensive manner.

Endgames

Author : Hicham Bou Nassif
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108896782
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Endgames by : Hicham Bou Nassif

Download or read book Endgames written by Hicham Bou Nassif and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2011 Arab Spring is the story of what happens when autocrats prepare their militaries to thwart coups but unexpectedly face massive popular uprisings instead. When demonstrators took to the streets in 2011, some militaries remained loyal to the autocratic regimes, some defected, whilst others splintered. The widespread consequences of this military agency ranged from facilitating transition to democracy, to reconfiguring authoritarianism, or triggering civil war. This study aims to explain the military politics of 2011. Building on interviews with Arab officers, extensive fieldwork and archival research, as well as hundreds of memoirs published by Arab officers, Hicham Bou Nassif shows how divergent combinations of coup-proofing tactics accounted for different patterns of military behaviour in 2011, both in Egypt and Syria, and across Tunisia, and Libya.

The Military and the Arab Spring

Author : Katherine Elizabeth Von Ofenheim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (844 download)

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Book Synopsis The Military and the Arab Spring by : Katherine Elizabeth Von Ofenheim

Download or read book The Military and the Arab Spring written by Katherine Elizabeth Von Ofenheim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East

Author : W. Taylor
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137410051
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East by : W. Taylor

Download or read book Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East written by W. Taylor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains Arab military responses to the social uprisings which began in 2011. Through a comparative case study analysis of Egyptian, Tunisian, Libyan, and Syrian militaries, it explains why militaries fractured, supported the regime in power, or removed their presidents.

Arbiters of Social Unrest

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781502850881
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis Arbiters of Social Unrest by : Department of the Army

Download or read book Arbiters of Social Unrest written by Department of the Army and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What explains the variance in military behavior during popular uprisings in Northern Africa and the Middle East? Contrary to models which tout the internal characteristics of the military, the external political, social and economic conditions, the influence of Western economic and military assistance or the transformative experience of educating officers in Western schools, it is argued that it is instead a matter of the political restraints and interests of the military which determines the likelihood of military intervention in the political domain. Higher levels of restraints on the military will result in more reactive and slower decision making, and a lower propensity to intervene. Higher levels of interests will result in a higher likelihood of military intervention.

The Role of the Military in the Arab Uprisings

Author : ALI. SARIHAN
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9781032426440
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of the Military in the Arab Uprisings by : ALI. SARIHAN

Download or read book The Role of the Military in the Arab Uprisings written by ALI. SARIHAN and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused on the 2010-2011 Arab Uprisings, this book examines the role of the military in Tunisia and Libya, arguing that both armies contributed decisively to the outcome and form of the respective uprisings. The book begins by contextualising the uprisings, with both countries plagued by anti-democratic politics and unequal social and economic structures in the 2000s. Alongside this, the book explores the key actors and factors leading up to, during, and after the uprisings. Employing a comparative case study methodology and drawing from approaches in rational choice theory and institutionalism, the author argues that the tripartite configuration of energy capacity, military structure, and strength of protest led to dichotomous outcomes in the countries. Tunisia, where the military defected, was marked by a lack of energy wealth, apolitical military structure, and high level of protest, enabling a nonviolent transfer of power. In contrast, in Libya, where parts of the military remained loyal to Gaddafi's regime, protests evolved into violent civil conflict. Making use of expert and elite interviews obtained from fieldwork in Tunisia, as well as data from the research field, the book will appeal to specialists and students interested in international politics, military and security studies, and the MENA region.

Armies of Arabia

Author : Zoltan Barany
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190866209
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Armies of Arabia by : Zoltan Barany

Download or read book Armies of Arabia written by Zoltan Barany and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Armies of Arabia is the first book to comprehensively analyze the armed forces of the Gulf monarchies. Zoltan Barany explains the conspicuous ineffectiveness of Gulf militaries with a combination of political-structural and sociocultural factors. Following a brief exposition on their historical evolution, he explores the region's six armies of the region comparatively, through the lenses of military politics, sociology, economics, and diplomacy. The book'sthemes come together in the last chapter that critically evaluates the Saudi and Emirati armed forces' record in the on-going war in Yemen.

The Arab Spring

Author : Timothy Hazen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Arab Spring by : Timothy Hazen

Download or read book The Arab Spring written by Timothy Hazen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) four countries (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen) experienced regime change during the Arab Spring uprisings. Scholars argue that a primary reason why regime change occurred was due to the behavior of the military (Barany 2011; Bellin 2012; Lutterbeck 2012). When a government faced mass political protest did the military support the incumbent regime or the protestors? What caused this variation in military behavior? Recent literature has pointed to multiple factors causing this variation including economic self-interests (Goldstone 2011), the size of the social movement (Bellin 2012), ethnic affiliation (Barany 2011) and international actors (Nepstad 2013; Goldstone 2013). While these previous explanations are informative I argue that in order to more fully understand Arab military behavior during the Arab Spring it is important to also examine the relationship between the military and internal security forces (ISF) and the role of the military in relation to the entire state security apparatus. I broadly define security apparatuses as the entire collection of a state's security forces that range from external security, internal security, intelligence, paramilitary and policing. I argue that across the region the relationship between the military and the larger state security apparatus varies and that different security apparatus structures help explain the divergent behavior demonstrated by Arab militaries during the Arab Spring. I posit that certain security apparatus structures allowed some militaries to more easily defect against the regime and support protestors, whereas other security apparatus structures made it institutionally difficult and costly for militaries to defect against the regimes.