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Are Cross Border Mergers And Acquisitions Better Or Worse Than Domestic Mergers And Acquisitions
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Book Synopsis Are Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions Better Or Worse Than Domestic Mergers and Acquisitions? by : Maha Diab Ayoush
Download or read book Are Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions Better Or Worse Than Domestic Mergers and Acquisitions? written by Maha Diab Ayoush and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mergers and acquisitions (M & As) are important corporate strategy actions that are vital for the companies in order to survive in this competitive global world. The popularity of those actions has increased over the years, especially in the international domain. In the UK, both the number and value of cross-border M & As has increased significantly over the years. Despite this increase, there haven't been enough studies or clear evidence about whether venturing abroad to acquire foreign targets leads the companies to better performance compared to staying domestically. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the M & A phenomenon deeply and compare between cross-border and domestic M & As made by UK public acquirer firms. More specifically, the thesis concentrates on three main issues which are: (1) the difference between the returns to shareholders of acquirer firms involved in cross-border and domestic M & As; (2) the difference between the operating performance of acquirer firms involved in cross-border and domestic M & As; and (3) the difference between the impacts of cross-border and domestic M & As on the operating performance of acquirer and target firms combined. Market-based and accounting-based approaches are used to investigate a sample of UK acquirer firms engaged in cross-border and domestic M & As both in the short-term and in the long-term periods. In general, the results reveal insignificant differences between the shareholders' returns and operating performances of acquirer firms involved in cross-border and domestic M & As over the short- and long-term periods. On the other hand, the results for acquirer and target combined firms show that cross-border M & As have lower operating performances than domestic M & As. Recommendations are provided in order to help the decision and policy makers in the companies to decide whether cross-border M & As should be actively encouraged or discouraged in comparison with domestic M & As.
Book Synopsis Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions by : O. Morresi
Download or read book Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions written by O. Morresi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their explosion in the mid-1990s, mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have turned into a global phenomenon with growing prevalence. A large number of theoretical and empirical studies focus on cross-border deals from several perspectives, such as motives, strategic issues, and performance. Most books treat these studies as specific characteristics of M&As, paying little attention to the distinctive elements that differentiate them from domestic operations. In short, there is now a real need for a fresh review and categorization of cross-border deals. Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions is the first book to provide readers with a complete guide to understanding the main concepts, theories, and results driving cross-border M&As. Morresi and Pezzi present an original framework that ties together the growing body of theoretical and empirical studies on the topic. This work describes the relevance of the phenomenon in terms of its economical, geographical, and historical impact, and analyzes the market- and accounting-based performance of cross-border deals.
Book Synopsis Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions by : Scott C. Whitaker
Download or read book Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions written by Scott C. Whitaker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigate cross border M&A for a flawless integration execution Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions is a practical toolbox for corporate strategy and development professionals dealing with the many challenges involved in cross border M&A. With a detailed discussion of key market specifics and broadly-applicable critical insight, this book demystifies the cross border M&A process and provides a host of practical tools that ease strategic implementation. A geographical overview explains the trends in major M&A markets including Australia, Brazil, China, Russia, the U.K., and the U.S., and industry-specific guidance covers Financial Services, Aerospace and Defense, Health Care, Tech, Manufacturing, and more. Leading experts relate lessons learned while managing actual PMI (post merger integration) processes, and the discussion of cultural impacts and specific situational needs provides deep insight into the type of leadership a flawless integration requires. Corporate restructuring and internationalization efforts are increasingly relying on cross border mergers and acquisitions. Strategies, motives, and consequences are a complex navigational minefield, but this insightful guide provides solid, actionable guidance for leading a successful integration. Understand the region-specific details that make an impact Overcome common challenges and manage complex deals Gain practical insight and valuable tools for leading integration Learn the most current best practices for PMI® processes Cross border M&A is complex, with myriad challenges and obstacles inherent to the situation. Successful integration and a smooth transition are critical, and there's little wiggle room—it's a situation where you have only one chance to get it right. Cross Border Mergers and Acquisitions is an essential guide to the process, with key tools for execution.
Book Synopsis Are Cross-border Mergers Better Or Worse Than Domestic Mergers and Acquistions ? by : Diab Ayoush Maha
Download or read book Are Cross-border Mergers Better Or Worse Than Domestic Mergers and Acquistions ? written by Diab Ayoush Maha and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions by : Mohammad Bedier
Download or read book Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions written by Mohammad Bedier and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with an overview of the origin of corporations and the history of mergers and acquisitions. It demystifies the dynamics of mergers and identifies the unique impediments facing cross-border mergers and acquisitions, with great attention to the pre-merger control laws and regulations, in several regions (US, EU, and Middle East). Most importantly, it discusses and assesses merger deregulation and other key reforming proposals.
Book Synopsis Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions by : Moshfique Uddin
Download or read book Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions written by Moshfique Uddin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBM&As) activity has become an important vehicle for firms’ internationalization and corporate restructuring over the past three decades. Despite the huge volume of global CBM&A activity, however, there are few books which carefully explore the strategies, motives, and consequences of global mergers and acquisitions. This book discusses and synthesizes the theoretical literature on the motivation and performance of international merger activities. Focusing on the UK as a top acquiring country in the European Union, the authors explore the recent trends in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, motives for cross-border mergers and acquisitions, the mergers integration process, home and host countries’ macroeconomic consequences on mergers and acquisitions, and shareholder’s wealth effects on CBM&A. This book explores and sheds much-needed light on the UK CBM&A market, what drives it, and what lessons can be learned for other regions around the globe.
Book Synopsis Are cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions more successful between culturally similar countries in the EU? by : Cheyenne Wijnant
Download or read book Are cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions more successful between culturally similar countries in the EU? written by Cheyenne Wijnant and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 7.00, Maastricht University (Finance), course: International Business, language: English, abstract: Cross-border mergers and acquisitions have increased significantly over the last two decades and have substantially changed the European industry, since it has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. However, there has been little progress in the research literature investigating the role of culture in explaining the success of these cross-border transactions. This paper analyzes if cross-border M&As are more valuable for acquirers between culturally similar countries by investigating the countries’ cultural distance, legal origin, trust, Hofstede’s dimensions, and corporate governance measures. The results indicate that cultural distance has a positive and negative effect on bidder announcement returns. Legal origin has a negative effect on acquirer gains in cross-border M&A whereas trust has a positive but insignificant effect. Hofstede’s dimensions have no particular effect on the data set and corporate governance measures have a strong negative effect on bidder announcement returns. The robustness checks do not alter the results.
Book Synopsis Cultural Complexities in Cross Border Mergers & Acquisitions by : Oyvin Kyvik
Download or read book Cultural Complexities in Cross Border Mergers & Acquisitions written by Oyvin Kyvik and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: none, University of Pompeu Fabra (ESCI (School of International Trade) ), language: English, abstract: Based on a review of pertinent literature, the paper discusses the role and the complexities of cross-border mergers and acquisition in firms ́ internationalization. The various stages that firms customarily go through as part of an international merger and acquisition process are outlined and debated from both a theoretical and practical perspective. Particular challenges related to the management of the post- merger integration process and complexities related to differences in national and organizational cultures, organizational design and knowledge-structures between the acquirer and the target company are discussed. It is argued that appropriate management of the merging firms ́ human resources as the merging firms ́ smallest common denominator, is the key to optimize the outcome of cross-border transactions and to achieve budgeted post-merger benefits. Based on the conceptual discussion, the paper concludes with key recommendations for how to manage a cross-border deal to minimize risks and increase the probability of achieving the objectives.
Book Synopsis Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions in Services by : Alessandro Barattieri
Download or read book Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions in Services written by Alessandro Barattieri and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents evidence on the determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in services sectors. It develops a stylized model of mergers and acquisitions that predicts that the incidence of merger and acquisition deals depends, inter alia, on the target economy's size, industrial structure and investment policies, as well as on bilateral transactions costs. These predictions are examined with bilateral merger and acquisition flow data and detailed information on policy barriers from a new database of restrictions on services investment. The analysis finds that: (1) geographical factors affect mergers and acquisitions in services and manufacturing similarly but cultural factors affect mergers and acquisitions in services more than in manufacturing. (2) Controlling for these bilateral factors, restrictive investment policies reduce the probability of merger and acquisition inflows but this negative effect is mitigated in countries with relatively large shares of manufacturing and (to a lesser extent) services in gross domestic product. The same results hold for the number of merger and acquisition deals received. These findings suggest that the impact of policy is state-dependent and related to the composition of gross domestic product in the target economy.
Book Synopsis Determinants of Cross-Border M&As in Developing Countries by : Maximilian Thomas
Download or read book Determinants of Cross-Border M&As in Developing Countries written by Maximilian Thomas and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, the importance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as a favourite top-level managerial strategy of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and national champions has increased significantly. The global value of cross-border M&As has grown from around USD 100 billion in 1990 to USD 815 billion in 2018, peaking in 2007 with over USD 1 trillion just before the outbreak of the global financial crisis. This development is not surprising, since the ongoing globalization and the changing global market landscape lead to more complex challenges for companies. In order to face the increasing intensity of competition that accompanies the global integration of markets, cross-border M&As constitute an appropriate way of maintaining competitiveness and creating added value. The acquisition of pre-existing foreign assets enables MNEs not only to exploit synergies and growth opportunities but also to overcome latecomer disadvantages. In addition, M&As offer a time advantage over organic growth strategies such as greenfield investments, which is particularly important considering the dynamic market conditions and the shortening product life cycles. This thesis examines the research question of which country-specific factors determine the volume of inbound cross-border M&As in developing economies. In general, the choice of a cross-border acquisition as an entry mode into a foreign market is influenced by three types of factors: (1) firm-specific factors such as prior acquisition experience, product diversity and core competences; (2) industry-specific factors such as technological, sales and marketing intensity; and (3) country-specific factors such as market size and institutional quality. While firm- and industry-specific factors also play a role in domestic M&As, country-specific factors are a peculiarity in cross-border M&As. According to the research question, the aim of this thesis is to identify country-specific factors that represent determinants. On the one hand, findings on country-specific determinants might be helpful to explain why some countries (e.g. China) receive more cross-border M&As than others (e.g. India). On the other hand, the results reveal which interests transnational companies pursue and how they change. Drawing on this evidence, policy makers and companies may be able to influence the determining factors in order to stimulate or impede inbound investments in form of M&As.
Book Synopsis Corporate Globalization Through Mergers and Acquisitions by : Leonard Waverman
Download or read book Corporate Globalization Through Mergers and Acquisitions written by Leonard Waverman and published by [Calgary] : University of Calgary Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document contains papers on the following: recent trends in merger and acquisition activity in Canadian and selected countries; patterns and motivations in Canadian acquisitions abroad; foreign ownership and corporate strategy; foreign multinational enterprises and merger activity in Canada; hostile takeovers; taxation and Canada-U.S. cross-border acquisitions; and mergers and acquisitions and the public interest.
Book Synopsis The impact of cultural differences on the post-merger performance in international acquisitions by : Ricardo Escoda
Download or read book The impact of cultural differences on the post-merger performance in international acquisitions written by Ricardo Escoda and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, University of Augsburg, language: English, abstract: As the number of international mergers and acquisitions (M&As) increased formidable during the last decades, it is a highly discussed phenomenon, which is becoming more and more important (Erel et al., 2012). Nearly 30 years ago, in 1987, there have been merely 5.000 M&As worldwide, whereas in 2016 already 50.000 M&As were concluded and latest stats even predict increasing numbers of M&As. M&A experience might both harm and help post-merger performance in international acquisitions. As stated by Schoenberg (2000) national cultural differences mainly present a strong challenge for cross-border acquisitions. Since the initial financial expectations are met simply by one half of all M&As, cultural differences might be at fault for this high failure rate (Zollo and Meier, 2008). Given that cross-border M&As consolidate two or more different cultures, it has to be taken into consideration that incidents such as differing legislations, currencies, languages and cultural norms do play an essential role. As a result of those distinctions, costs to the integration process might occur and the capability of firms to achieve synergies might be subverted. Thereby, the expected economic advantages of the merger or acquisition will be affected, too. Key factors like the integration of the participating companies in each other and enormous adaptation operations are irrecoverable to accomplish synergies and advantages of M&As. The hypothesis whether national cultural differences between acquirers and targets are likely to undermine post-merger performance has been researched myriad. An appropriate classification reclines in whether cultural differences matter, when they matter, under what conditions and in which way they do. The elaboration of this paper is based on the theory of Hofstede (1980), who was one of the first to explicitly address the impact of culture on the integration process of M&As by explaining cultural differences might generate misunderstandings and conflicts between the two merging organisations. Hence the aim of our analysis is to dissect the impact of cultural differences on the post-merger performance in international acquisitions by focussing on two out of four dimensions of Hofstede (1980) by means of the works of Ahern et al. (2009) and Huang et al. (2017).
Book Synopsis Network Determinants of Cross-Border Merger and Acquisition Decisions by : Tatiana Didier
Download or read book Network Determinants of Cross-Border Merger and Acquisition Decisions written by Tatiana Didier and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses whether cross-border M&A decisions exhibit network effects. We estimate exponential random graph models (ERGM) and temporal exponential random graph models (TERGM) to evaluate the determinants of cross-country M&A investments at the sectoral level. The results show that transitivity matters: a country is more likely to invest in a new destination if one of its existing partners has already made some investments there. In line with the literature on export platforms and informational barriers, we find a sizable impact of third country effects on the creation of new investments. This effect is sizable and larger than some of the more traditional M&A determinants, such as trade openness.
Book Synopsis Exchange rates and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Does the relationship still apply in today’s integrated markets? by : Marc Waldhof
Download or read book Exchange rates and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Does the relationship still apply in today’s integrated markets? written by Marc Waldhof and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: Distinction, University of St Andrews (School of Economics and Finance), course: MSc Finance, language: English, abstract: The link between exchange rates and foreign direct investment is one that has caused for much discussion. Blonigen (1997) publishes one of the most influential papers and suggests transferable assets being the most important factor behind this relationship. He argues that when the real value of an acquirer’s currency increases, this acquirer will be able to purchase a foreign target cheap. Due to the nature of transferable assets, foreign acquirers will be able to generate returns from them in other currencies than the one used for the purchase. This bypasses the tradition economist’s view of purchasing power parity. One paramount condition exists in order for this link to hold: segmented markets between acquirers and targets. We rerun Blonigen’s model to test his theory between integrated markets, as Georgopoulos (2008) suggests possible. Using industry-specific data at the three-digit NAICS 07 level, we empirically test our hypotheses with discrete dependent variable models. Testing for the link between real exchange rates and Swiss cross-border M&As in manufacturing industries in the United States and the United Kingdom for the years 1996-2013, we find no evidence for Blonigen’s firm-specific asset acquisition theory. We confirm that no relationship for low research and development manufacturing industries is evident, in line with Blonigen’s theory, whilst also no correlation is found for high research and development manufacturing industries for the studied country pairs, in the given observation period. Our findings lead us to conclude that the link between exchange rates and acquisition FDI no longer applies for integrated markets. Moreover, we find evidence in our samples for Harris and Ravencraft’s (1991) theory that M&As in R&D-intensive industries happen more often on a cross-border basis, than on a domestic basis.
Book Synopsis Learning by Doing by : Jamie D. Collins
Download or read book Learning by Doing written by Jamie D. Collins and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We rely on organizational learning theory and strategic momentum research to examine the international merger and acquisition (Mamp;A) activities of a sample of Samp;P 500 firms. We hypothesize that the learning associated with a firm's prior acquisition experience increases the likelihood the firm will engage in subsequent international acquisitions. Results from a sample including company-country level data indicate that both prior domestic acquisitions and international acquisitions influence the likelihood of acquisitions in foreign markets by U.S.-based firms. We also find that prior experience with international acquisitions is more predictive of subsequent international acquisitions than prior domestic acquisition experience. Moreover, we find that the acquisition experience within a host country had a stronger influence on subsequent acquisitions within that country than other prior non-host country international acquisition experiences.
Book Synopsis Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions by : O. Morresi
Download or read book Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions written by O. Morresi and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions is the first book to offer a complete guide to understanding the main concepts, theories, and results driving cross-border MAs.
Book Synopsis International Corporate Governance Spillovers by : Rui Albuquerque
Download or read book International Corporate Governance Spillovers written by Rui Albuquerque and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop and test the hypothesis that foreign direct investment promotes corporate governance spillovers in the host country. Using firm-level data on cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and corporate governance in 22 countries, we find that cross-border M&As are associated with subsequent improvements in the governance, valuation, and productivity of the target firms’ local rivals. This positive spillover effect is stronger when the acquirer is from a country with stronger shareholder protection and if the target’s industry is more competitive. We conclude that the international market for corporate control promotes the adoption of better corporate governance practices around the world.
