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Approaches To Liberalizing Services
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Book Synopsis Approaches to Liberalizing Services by : Sherry Stephenson
Download or read book Approaches to Liberalizing Services written by Sherry Stephenson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 1999 - Liberalization of services at the subregional level has followed two broad approaches-the GATS model and the NAFTA model-neither of which automatically guarantees the full liberalization of trade in services. The question that participants in integration efforts at both the subregional and the broader regional level must ask is what kind of approach to liberalizing services offers both maximum transparency and the greatest degree of nondiscrimination for service suppliers. Only since completion of the Uruguay Round have developing countries in East Asia and the Western Hemisphere shown interest in liberalizing services. Ambitious efforts are now being made to incorporate services in liberalization objectives of both subregional and regional integration efforts, including in the Asia-Pacific region under APEC and in the Western Hemisphere under the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) process. At the subregional level, member countries of both ASEAN (in East Asia) and MERCOSUR (in Latin America) have chosen to follow the liberalization model set forth in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and to open their services markets gradually and piecemeal. In the Western Hemisphere, Mexico has successfully promoted the NAFTA model of a more comprehensive liberalization of services markets-and several Latin American countries have adopted the same approach. Regionally, APEC has chosen a concerted voluntary approach to liberalizing services markets. Within the Western Hemisphere, participants are defining which approach they will use in the negotiations on services launched as part of the FTAA in April 1998. In all these efforts, a stated desire to promote more efficient services markets is often hindered by reluctance to open services markets rapidly or comprehensively because of historically entrenched protectionism in the sector and ignorance of the regulatory measures that impede trade in services. Presumably it would be easier to liberalize services at the subregional level, among countries at similar stages of development (although liberalization's economic value there might be questioned). Liberalizing services at the broader regional level is a difficult and ambitious goal, given the diversity of countries involved in such efforts. Thus liberalization will probably move more slowly at the regional than at the subregional level-perhaps even more slowly than at the multilateral level. It is possible that the new round of multilateral talks on services scheduled to begin under the WTO in 2000 may well eclipse the recently begun regional efforts. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to assist developing countries in the multilateral trade negotiations. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Approaches to Liberalizing Services by : Sherry M. Stephenson
Download or read book Approaches to Liberalizing Services written by Sherry M. Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Preferential Liberalization of Trade in Services by : Pierre Savu_
Download or read book The Preferential Liberalization of Trade in Services written by Pierre Savu_ and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-25 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills an important gap in the trade literature by offering¾ a comprehensive cross-regional comparison of approaches to preferential market opening and rule-making in the area of trade in services. Chronicling the spectacular recent rise o
Book Synopsis Approaches to Further Liberalization of Trade in Services by : Patrick Low
Download or read book Approaches to Further Liberalization of Trade in Services written by Patrick Low and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Approaches to Services Liberalization by Developing Countries by : Sherry M. Stephenson
Download or read book Approaches to Services Liberalization by Developing Countries written by Sherry M. Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liberalizing Service Trade by : Phedon Nicolaides
Download or read book Liberalizing Service Trade written by Phedon Nicolaides and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-29 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major success of the early post-war period was the negotiated reduction of barriers to international trade in commodities and manufactured goods, under the auspices of the GATT. The current challenge is to achieve a similar liberalization for trade in services - the sector which has overtaken manufacturing as the largest provider of jobs and growth in the advanced economies. The difficulties are legion. Data are scarce and definitions are contentious. There is no clear equivalent in services of the zero-tariff objective that can be defined in the trade of goods. Domestic service markets are often imperfect and each country has its own regulatory structure to protect consumers. Many developing countries are sceptical about the effects of freer service trade on their economies. This paper develops an analytical framework to clarify negotiating objectives. It assesses the European Community's approach to liberalization and warns of the dangers of seeking 'equivalent reciprocity'. It suggests that a different approach and set of objectives are appropriate to the GATT, which lacks well-defined procedures for policy review and settlement of disputes, and whose members are more diverse. Finally, it evaluates the prospects for multilateral service liberalization in the Uruguay Round and in the EC by 1992, and suggests that such efforts can be complemented by unilateral and bilateral liberalization in certain service sectors.
Book Synopsis Means of Liberalization and Beyond by : Ruosi Zhang
Download or read book Means of Liberalization and Beyond written by Ruosi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scheduling approach constitutes a key element of services trade agreements as it is the means to pursue liberalization. This paper provides an overview of the scheduling approaches adopted in 187 trade agreements notified under GATS Article V as of 30 April 2022, analyses the differences between the positive and negative list approaches, and discusses their implications for negotiation strategies and trade policies. Theoretically, both positive and negative list approaches can achieve high level of liberalization as long as governments are willing to open market. We however note in this paper that the scheduling approach is not a stand-alone technique. Rather, it is associated with the design and legal structure of a services trade agreement as well as different core obligations. In addition, establishing a positive or a negative list usually entails different negotiation dynamics and internal consultation processes. With FTAs as important trade policy instruments fast evolving and deepening, governments are becoming more flexible and more "innovative" in their use of scheduling approaches, including creating different hybrid patterns to accommodate their sensitivities in certain sectors, supplementing the positive list with a standstill requirement, or allowing transition from the positive list to the negative list. Governments' practices in FTAs would be inspiring for future services trade negotiations, be it bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral.
Book Synopsis Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization by : Pierre Sauve
Download or read book Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization written by Pierre Sauve and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-08-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade in services, far more than trade in goods, is affected by a variety of domestic regulations, ranging from qualification and licensing requirements in professional services to pro-competitive regulation in telecommunications services. Experience shows that the quality of regulation strongly influences the consequences of trade liberalization. WTO members have agreed that a central task in the ongoing services negotiations will be to develop a set of rules to ensure that domestic regulations support rather than impede trade liberalization. Since these rules are bound to have a profound impact on the evolution of policy, particularly in developing countries, it is important that they be conducive to economically rational policy-making. This book addresses two central questions: What impact can international trade rules on services have on the exercise of domestic regulatory sovereignty? And how can services negotiations be harnessed to promote and consolidate domestic policy reform across highly diverse sectors? The book, with contributions from several of the world's leading experts in the field, explores a range of rule-making challenges arising at this policy interface, in areas such as transparency, standards and the adoption of a necessity test for services trade. Contributions also provide an in-depth look at these issues in the key areas of accountancy, energy, finance, health, telecommunications and transportation services.
Book Synopsis Regional Approaches to Services Trade and Investment Liberalisation by : Jane Drake-Brockman
Download or read book Regional Approaches to Services Trade and Investment Liberalisation written by Jane Drake-Brockman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis WTO Domestic Regulation and Services Trade by : Aik Hoe Lim
Download or read book WTO Domestic Regulation and Services Trade written by Aik Hoe Lim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-13 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative, interdisciplinary, practitioner-oriented insights into the key challenges faced in addressing the services trade liberalization and domestic regulation interface.
Book Synopsis Liberalization of Trade in Legal Services by : Gilles Muller
Download or read book Liberalization of Trade in Legal Services written by Gilles Muller and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The internationalization of legal services and the development of corporate law firms have led to profound changes in the practice of law, giving it a more commercial and international focus. These changes, coupled with a general intolerance of restrictions to competition, have led governments to reconsider the way they regulate the profession. Liberalization of trade in legal services takes place both at the multilateral level within the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and at the regional level within preferential trade agreements (PTAs). This book analyses the liberalization process that takes place at both levels. It is the first publication to undertake an in-depth analysis of the obligations contained in these agreements. Starting from an overview of the regulations related to legal services - and focusing on barriers to cross-border legal services that result from these regulations - the analysis goes a long way towards pinpointing which regulations should be removed and which adopted or preserved in order to facilitate international trade in legal services. Insightful considerations explore the cross-border features of such elements as the following: cross-border mergers and acquisitions; intellectual property rights; new financial instruments; business-to-business dispute resolution mechanisms; business permits; company formation; tax burdens; regulatory compliance; transparency rules; residency and local presence requirements; restrictions on (e.g.) ownership, investment, entry, fee-setting, and advertising; and extension of accountancy disciplines to legal services. Noting that the most successful global law firms are not those that impose one single culture but rather those that harmonize many cultures around shared core values and a consistent approach to clients, the author has produced a timely and far-reaching work that is highly relevant for international legal practice. It is sure to be warmly welcomed by legal practitioners, government officials and policymakers in the legal services sector, and advisors at governments and international organizations, as well as by academics and researchers.
Book Synopsis Services Liberalization in the EU and the WTO by : Marcus Klamert
Download or read book Services Liberalization in the EU and the WTO written by Marcus Klamert and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Services liberalization is just as much a hot potato within the European Union as it is within the WTO. In this work Markus Klamert offers a stimulating examination of how the EU and the WTO have coped with market liberalization and with the development of regulatory standards. His analysis almost recalls the perceived relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States (two nations divided by a common language). While the EU and WTO regimes display manifest differences, the language of market access, discrimination, justifi cation and harmonization can be seen as being hewn from the same roots. This work seeks to lift the veil of ignorance about these similarities and to encourage more cross-fertilization than has hitherto occurred"--
Book Synopsis Public Services and International Trade Liberalization by : Barnali Choudhury
Download or read book Public Services and International Trade Liberalization written by Barnali Choudhury and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does public service liberalization pose a threat to gender and human rights? Traditionally considered essential services provided by a state to its citizens, public services are often viewed as public goods which embody social values. Subjecting them to market ideology thus raises concerns that the intrinsic social nature of these services will be negated. Moreover, as those most likely to be reliant on public services, public service liberalization may also further marginalize women. Nevertheless, states continue to increasingly liberalize public services. Barnali Choudhury explores the implications of public service liberalization. Using primarily a legal approach, but drawing from case studies, empirical research and gender theories, she examines whether liberalization under the General Agreement on Trade in Services and other liberalization vehicles such as preferential trade and investment agreements compromise human rights and gender objectives.
Book Synopsis Liberalizing Global Trade in Energy Services by : Peter C. Evans
Download or read book Liberalizing Global Trade in Energy Services written by Peter C. Evans and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Liberalizing Global Trade in Energy Services is one in a series of new AEI studies on negotiations to liberalize trade in services. Each study focuses on a particular service sector, identifies the major obstacles to liberalization in that area, and presents policy options for trade negotiators and interested private-sector participants."--Jacket.
Book Synopsis Public Services and International Trade Liberalization by : Barnali Choudhury
Download or read book Public Services and International Trade Liberalization written by Barnali Choudhury and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Does public service liberalization pose a threat to gender and human rights? Traditionally considered essential services provided by a state to its citizens, public services are often viewed as public goods which embody social values. Subjecting them to market ideology thus raises concerns that the intrinsic social nature of these services will be negated. Moreover, as those most likely to be reliant on public services, public service liberalization may also further marginalize women. Nevertheless, states continue to increasingly liberalize public services. Barnali Choudhury explores the implications of public service liberalization. Using primarily a legal approach, but drawing from case studies, empirical research and gender theories, she examines whether liberalization under the General Agreement on Trade in Services and other liberalization vehicles such as preferential trade and investment agreements compromise human rights and gender objectives"--
Book Synopsis Is There a Better Way? by : Patrick Low
Download or read book Is There a Better Way? written by Patrick Low and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liberalization of Trade in Financial Services and Financial Sector Stability (Analytical Approach) by : Alexei Kireyev
Download or read book Liberalization of Trade in Financial Services and Financial Sector Stability (Analytical Approach) written by Alexei Kireyev and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper seeks to establish a link between the liberalization of trade in financial services undertaken by countries under the WTO and the stability of their financial systems. The paper concludes that liberalization has generally been conducive to stability because of the mutually reinforcing nature of existing international rules and practices. Financial stability and efficiency, which should be ultimate goals of further liberalization, can be ensured by taking advantage of coherent policy advice and the application of existing multilateral mechanisms-in particular, the WTO negotiations and the IMF/World Bank financial sector assessment program.
