Applied Microphotonics

Download Applied Microphotonics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Applied Microphotonics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Applied Microphotonics

Author : Wes R. Jamroz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420013939
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Applied Microphotonics by : Wes R. Jamroz

Download or read book Applied Microphotonics written by Wes R. Jamroz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the limits of electrical performance come within sight, photons are poised to take over for the electron. But the search continues for the materials, topologies, and fabrication technologies capable of producing photonic devices at a reasonable speed and cost. Taking a fundamentallook at the development of photonic technology from the macro- to the microscale, Applied Microphotonics introduces the major principles and technologies underlying the field. Following an overview of historical and commercial driving forces, the authors briefly review the underlying physics, emphasizing the practical and design implications for photonic systems. This general discussion lays the foundation for the remainder of the book, where the authors first introduce the photonic node and then discuss each subsystem in detail, including transmitters, couplers and switches, multiplexers and demultiplexers, receivers, amplifiers, and compensators. The following chapters explore new technologies such as photonic band gap structures, materials and fabrication processes, integration methodologies, and advanced devices such as photonic computers. The book concludes with a brief introduction to quantum photonics and a forward look at potential directions of photonics. Applied Microphotonics encapsulates the recent push toward all-optical networks and devices with an applications-oriented perspective. It is ideal for newcomers to the field as well as anyone curious to know how photonic technology can benefit their own field.

Silicon-based Microphotonics: from Basics to Applications

Author : Società italiana di fisica
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614992266
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Silicon-based Microphotonics: from Basics to Applications by : Società italiana di fisica

Download or read book Silicon-based Microphotonics: from Basics to Applications written by Società italiana di fisica and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of Si-based optoelectronics has been extremely fast in the last few years and it is predicted that this growth will still continue in the near future. The aim of the volume is to present different Si-based luminescing materials as porous silicon, rare-earth doped silicon, Si nanocrystals, silicides, Si-based multilayers and silicon-germanium alloy or superlattice structures. The different devices needed for an all-Si-based optoelectronics are treated, ranging from light sources to waveguides, from amplifiers and modulators to detectors. Both the very basic treatments as well as applications to real prototype devices and integration in an optical integrated circuit are presented. Several issues are highlighted: the problem of electrical transport in low-dimensional Si systems, the possibility of gain in Si-based systems, the low modulation speed of Si-based LEDs. The book gives a fascinating picture of the state-of-the-art in Si microphotonics and a perspective on what one can expect in the near future.

Practical Applications of Microresonators in Optics and Photonics

Author : Andrey B. Matsko
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420065793
Total Pages : 586 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Practical Applications of Microresonators in Optics and Photonics by : Andrey B. Matsko

Download or read book Practical Applications of Microresonators in Optics and Photonics written by Andrey B. Matsko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assembling an international team of experts, this book reports on the progress in the rapidly growing field of monolithic micro- and nanoresonators. The book opens with a chapter on photonic crystal-based resonators (nanocavities). It goes on to describe resonators in which the closed trajectories of light are supported by any variety of total internal reflection in curved and polygonal transparent dielectric structures. The book also covers distributed feedback microresonators for slow light, controllable dispersion, and enhanced nonlinearity. A portion of coverage is dedicated to the unique properties of resonators, which are extremely efficient tools when conducting multiple applications.

Tunable Laser Applications

Author : F.J. Duarte
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420060589
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tunable Laser Applications by : F.J. Duarte

Download or read book Tunable Laser Applications written by F.J. Duarte and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tunability has added an important dimension to a variety of laser devices and led to new systems and applications. From laser spectroscopy to Bose-Einstein condensation, the one nexus is the tunable laser. Incorporating nine new chapters since the first edition, Tunable Laser Applications, Second Edition reflects the significant developments

Solid-State Lasers and Applications

Author : Alphan Sennaroglu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 135183794X
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Solid-State Lasers and Applications by : Alphan Sennaroglu

Download or read book Solid-State Lasers and Applications written by Alphan Sennaroglu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the favorable characteristics of solid-state lasers, they have become the preferred candidates for a wide range of applications in science and technology, including spectroscopy, atmospheric monitoring, micromachining, and precision metrology. Presenting the most recent developments in the field, Solid-State Lasers and Applications focuses on the design and applications of solid-state laser systems. With contributions from leading international experts, the book explores the latest research results and applications of solid-state lasers as well as various laser systems. The beginning chapters discuss current developments and applications of new solid-state gain media in different wavelength regions, including cerium-doped lasers in the ultraviolet range, ytterbium lasers near 1μm, rare-earth ion-doped lasers in the eye-safe region, and tunable Cr2+:ZnSe lasers in the mid-infrared range. The remaining chapters study specific modes of operation of solid-state laser systems, such as pulsed microchip lasers, high-power neodymium lasers, ultrafast solid-state lasers, amplification of femtosecond pulses with optical parametric amplifiers, and noise characteristics of solid-state lasers. Solid-State Lasers and Applications covers the most important aspects of the field to provide current, comprehensive coverage of solid-state lasers.

Dynamic Laser Speckle and Applications

Author : Hector J. Rabal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420060163
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Dynamic Laser Speckle and Applications by : Hector J. Rabal

Download or read book Dynamic Laser Speckle and Applications written by Hector J. Rabal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speckle study constitutes a multidisciplinary area with inherent complexities. In order to conquer challenges such as the variability of samples and sensitive measurements, researchers must develop a theoretical and statistical understanding of both biological and non-biological metrology using dynamic speckle laser. Dynamic Laser Speckle and Applications discusses the main methodologies used to analyze biospeckle phenomena with a strong focus on experimentation. After establishing a theoretical background in both speckle and biospeckle, the book presents the main methodologies for statistical and image analysis. It then deals with the concept of frequency decomposition before moving on to a discussion of fuzzy methods to treat dynamic speckle data. The book dedicates two sections to applications, including agricultural approaches. Additional features include photo images of experiments and software to aid in easy start-up of dynamic speckle usage. A systematic approach to new dynamic speckle laser phenomena, this book provides the physical theory and statistical background needed to analyze images formed by laser illumination in biological and non-biological samples.

Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications

Author : Jun Ohta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498797342
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications by : Jun Ohta

Download or read book Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications written by Jun Ohta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised and expanded for this new edition, Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications, Second Edition is the only book available devoted to smart CMOS image sensors and applications. The book describes the fundamentals of CMOS image sensors and optoelectronic device physics, and introduces typical CMOS image sensor structures, such as the active pixel sensor (APS). Also included are the functions and materials of smart CMOS image sensors and present examples of smart imaging. Various applications of smart CMOS image sensors are also discussed. Several appendices supply a range of information on constants, illuminance, MOSFET characteristics, and optical resolution. Expansion of smart materials, smart imaging and applications, including biotechnology and optical wireless communication, are included. Features • Covers the fundamentals and applications including smart materials, smart imaging, and various applications • Includes comprehensive references • Discusses a wide variety of applications of smart CMOS image sensors including biotechnology and optical wireless communication • Revised and expanded to include the state of the art of smart image sensors

Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy

Author : Vladislav V. Yakovlev
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420068601
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy by : Vladislav V. Yakovlev

Download or read book Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy written by Vladislav V. Yakovlev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a host of reasons, nonlinear optical spectroscopy is a valuable tool for biochemical applications where minimally invasive diagnostics is desired. Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy presents the latest technological advances and offers a perspective on future directions in this important field. Written by an international panel of experts, this volume begins with a comparison of nonlinear optical spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography. The text examines the use of multiphoton fluorescence to study chemical phenomena in the skin, the use of nonlinear optics to enhance traditional optical spectroscopy, and the multimodal approach, which incorporates several spectroscopic techniques in one instrument. Later chapters explore Raman microscopy, third-harmonic generation microscopy, and non-linear Raman microspectroscopy. The text explores the promise of beam shaping and the use of broadband laser pulse generated through continuum generation and an optical pulse shaper. Lastly, the book discusses the effects of spatial beam shaping on the generated nonlinear Raman signals in a tightly focused geometry and provides insight into the extension of nonlinear optical spectroscopy to the nanoscale through the use of plasmonic tip-enhanced arrangement. With novel experimental approaches to this technology expanding day-by-day, the book’s balanced coverage from a wide range of international contributors not only elucidates important achievements, but also outlines future directions in this dynamic and promising field.

Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy

Author : Lihong V. Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420059920
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy by : Lihong V. Wang

Download or read book Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy written by Lihong V. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoacoustics promises to revolutionize medical imaging and may well make as dramatic a contribution to modern medicine as the discovery of the x-ray itself once did. Combining electromagnetic and ultrasonic waves synergistically, photoacoustics can provide deep speckle-free imaging with high electromagnetic contrast at high ultrasonic resolution and without any health risk. While photoacoustic imaging is probably the fastest growing biomedical imaging technology, this book is the first comprehensive volume in this emerging field covering both the physics and the remarkable noninvasive applications that are changing diagnostic medicine. Bringing together the leading pioneers in this field to write about their own work, Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy is the first to provide a full account of the latest research and developing applications in the area of biomedical photoacoustics. Photoacoustics can provide functional sensing of physiological parameters such as the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. It can also provide high-contrast functional imaging of angiogenesis and hypermetabolism in tumors in vivo. Discussing these remarkable noninvasive applications and so much more, this reference is essential reading for all researchers in medical imaging and those clinicians working at the cutting-edge of modern biotechnology to develop diagnostic techniques that can save many lives and just as importantly do no harm.

Miniaturized Silicon Photodetectors

Author : Maurizio Casalino
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036500448
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Miniaturized Silicon Photodetectors by : Maurizio Casalino

Download or read book Miniaturized Silicon Photodetectors written by Maurizio Casalino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon (Si) technologies provide an excellent platform for the design of microsystems where photonic and microelectronic functionalities are monolithically integrated on the same substrate. In recent years, a variety of passive and active Si photonic devices have been developed, and among them, photodetectors have attracted particular interest from the scientific community. Si photodiodes are typically designed to operate at visible wavelengths, but, unfortunately, their employment in the infrared (IR) range is limited due to the neglectable Si absorption over 1100 nm, even though the use of germanium (Ge) grown on Si has historically allowed operations to be extended up to 1550 nm. In recent years, significant progress has been achieved both by improving the performance of Si-based photodetectors in the visible range and by extending their operation to infrared wavelengths. Near-infrared (NIR) SiGe photodetectors have been demonstrated to have a “zero change” CMOS process flow, while the investigation of new effects and structures has shown that an all-Si approach could be a viable option to construct devices comparable with Ge technology. In addition, the capability to integrate new emerging 2D and 3D materials with Si, together with the capability of manufacturing devices at the nanometric scale, has led to the development of new device families with unexpected performance. Accordingly, this Special Issue of Micromachines seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that show the most recent advances in the field of silicon photodetectors and their respective applications.

Gas Lasers

Author : Masamori Endo
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351837192
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Gas Lasers by : Masamori Endo

Download or read book Gas Lasers written by Masamori Endo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lasers with a gaseous active medium offer high flexibility, wide tunability, and advantages in cost, beam quality, and power scalability. Gas lasers have tended to become overshadowed by the recent popularity and proliferation of semiconductor lasers. As a result of this shift in focus, details on modern developments in gas lasers are difficult to find. In addition, different types of gas lasers have unique properties that are not well-described in other references. Collecting expert contributions from authorities dealing with specific types of lasers, Gas Lasers examines the fundamentals, current research, and applications of this important class of laser. It is important to understand all types of lasers, from solid-state to gaseous, before making a decision for any application. This book fills in the gaps by discussing the definition and properties of gaseous media along with its fluid dynamics, electric excitation circuits, and optical resonators. From this foundation, the discussion launches into the basic physics, characteristics, applications, and current research efforts for specific types of gas lasers: CO lasers, CO2 lasers, HF/DF lasers, excimer lasers, iodine lasers, and metal vapor lasers. The final chapter discusses miscellaneous lasers not covered in the previous chapters. Collecting hard-to-find material into a single, convenient source, Gas Lasers offers an encyclopedic survey that helps you approach new applications with a more complete inventory of laser options.

Lens Design

Author : Milton Laikin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351838180
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Lens Design by : Milton Laikin

Download or read book Lens Design written by Milton Laikin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no shortage of lens optimization software on the market to deal with today's complex optical systems for all sorts of custom and standardized applications. But all of these software packages share one critical flaw: you still have to design a starting solution. Continuing the bestselling tradition of the author's previous books, Lens Design, Fourth Edition is still the most complete and reliable guide for detailed design information and procedures for a wide range of optical systems. Milton Laikin draws on his varied and extensive experience, ranging from innovative cinematographic and special-effects optical systems to infrared and underwater lens systems, to cover a vast range of special-purpose optical systems and their detailed design and analysis. This edition has been updated to replace obsolete glass types and now includes several new designs and sections on stabilized systems, the human eye, spectrographic systems, and diffractive systems. A new CD-ROM accompanies this edition, offering extensive lens prescription data and executable ZEMAX files corresponding to figures in the text. Filled with sage advice and completely illustrated, Lens Design, Fourth Edition supplies hands-on guidance for the initial design and final optimization for a plethora of commercial, consumer, and specialized optical systems.

Photonic MEMS Devices

Author : Ai-Qun Liu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420045717
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Photonic MEMS Devices by : Ai-Qun Liu

Download or read book Photonic MEMS Devices written by Ai-Qun Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic MEMS devices represent the next major breakthrough in the silicon revolution. While many quality resources exist on the optic and photonic aspect of device physics, today’s researchers are in need of a reference that goes beyond to include all aspects of engineering innovation. An extension on traditional design and analysis, Photonic MEMS Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Control describes a broad range of optical and photonic devices, from MEMS optical switches and bandgap crystal switches to optical variable attenuators (VOA) and injection locked tunable lasers. It deals rigorously with all these technologies at a fundamental level, systematically introducing critical nomenclature. Each chapter also provides analysis techniques, equations, and experimental results. The book focuses not only on traditional design analysis, but also provides extensive background on realistic simulation and fabrication processes. With a clear attention to experimental relevance, this book provides the fundamental knowledge needed to take the next-step in integrating photonic MEMS devices into commercial products and technology.

Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Author : Zhenan Bao
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351837575
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Organic Field-Effect Transistors by : Zhenan Bao

Download or read book Organic Field-Effect Transistors written by Zhenan Bao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The remarkable development of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) has led to their emerging use in active matrix flat-panel displays, radio frequency identification cards, and sensors. Exploring one class of OTFTs, Organic Field-Effect Transistors provides a comprehensive, multidisciplinary survey of the present theory, charge transport studies, synthetic methodology, materials characterization, and current applications of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Covering various aspects of OFETs, the book begins with a theoretical description of charge transport in organic semiconductors at the molecular level. It then discusses the current understanding of charge transport in single-crystal devices, small molecules and oligomers, conjugated polymer devices, and charge injection issues in organic transistors. After describing the design rationales and synthetic methodologies used for organic semiconductors and dielectric materials, the book provides an overview of a variety of characterization techniques used to probe interfacial ordering, microstructure, molecular packing, and orientation crucial to device performance. It also describes the different processing techniques for molecules deposited by vacuum and solution, followed by current technological examples that employ OTFTs in their operation. Featuring respected contributors from around the world, this thorough, up-to-date volume presents both the theory behind OFETs and the latest applications of this promising technology.

Photonics

Author : Abdul Al-Azzawi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351838172
Total Pages : 1253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Photonics by : Abdul Al-Azzawi

Download or read book Photonics written by Abdul Al-Azzawi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 1253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the invention of the laser, our fascination with the photon has led to one of the most dynamic and rapidly growing fields of technology. An explosion of new materials, devices, and applications makes it more important than ever to stay current with the latest advances. Surveying the field from fundamental concepts to state-of-the-art developments, Photonics: Principles and Practices builds a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of photonics from the basics of light waves to fiber optics and lasers. Providing self-contained coverage and using a consistent approach, the author leads you step-by-step through each topic. Each skillfully crafted chapter first explores the theoretical concepts of each topic and then demonstrates how these principles apply to real-world applications by guiding you through experimental cases illuminated with numerous illustrations. Coverage is divided into six broad sections, systematically working through light, optics, waves and diffraction, optical fibers, fiber optics testing, and laboratory safety. A complete glossary, useful appendices, and a thorough list of references round out the presentation. The text also includes a 16-page insert containing 28 full-color illustrations. Containing several topics presented for the first time in book form, Photonics: Principles and Practices is simply the most modern, comprehensive, and hands-on text in the field.

Photonic Signal Processing

Author : Le Nguyen Binh
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142001952X
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Photonic Signal Processing by : Le Nguyen Binh

Download or read book Photonic Signal Processing written by Le Nguyen Binh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential of photonic signal processing (PSP) to overcome electronic limits for processing ultra-wideband signals, provide signal conditioning that can be integrated in line with fiber optic systems, and improve signal quality makes this technology extremely attractive for improvement in receiver sensitivity performance. Spanning the current transitional period, Photonic Signal Processing: Techniques and Applications addresses the merging techniques of processing and manipulating signals propagating in the optical domain. The book begins with a historical perspective of PSP and introduces photonic components essential for photonic processing systems, such as optical amplification devices, optical fibers, and optical modulators. The author demonstrates the representation of photonic circuits via a signal flow graph technique adapted for photonic domain. He describes photonic signal processors, such as differentiators and integrators, and their applications for the generation of solitons, and then covers the application of these solitons in optically amplified fiber transmission systems. The book illustrates the compensation dispersion using a photonic processor, the design of optical filters using photonic processor techniques, and the filtering of microwave signals in the optical domain. Exploring methods for the processing of signals in the optical domain, the book includes solutions to photonic circuits that use signal flow techniques and significant applications in short pulse generation, the filtering of signals, differentiation, and the integration of signals. It delineates fundamental techniques on the processing of signals in the optical domain as well as their applications that lead to advanced aspects of performing generation of short pulses, integration, differentiation, and filtering for optical communications systems and networks and processing of ultra-high speed signals.

Optical Waveguides

Author : María L. Calvo
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420017772
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Optical Waveguides by : María L. Calvo

Download or read book Optical Waveguides written by María L. Calvo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the theory and principles of optical waveguides have been established for more than a century, the technologies have only been realized in recent decades. Optical Waveguides: From Theory to Applied Technologies combines the most relevant aspects of waveguide theory with the study of current detailed waveguiding technologies, in particular, photonic devices, telecommunication applications, and biomedical optics. With self-contained chapters written by well-known specialists, the book features both fundamentals and applications. The first three chapters examine the theoretical foundations and bases of planar optical waveguides as well as critical optical properties such as birefringence and nonlinear optical phenomena. The next several chapters focus on contemporary waveguiding technologies that include photonic devices and telecommunications. The book concludes with discussions on additional technological applications, including biomedical optical waveguides and the potential of neutron waveguides. As optical waveguides play an increasing part in modern technology, photonics will become to the 21st century what electronics were to the 20th century. Offering both novel insights for experienced professionals and introductory material for novices, this book facilitates a better understanding of the new information era—the photonics century.