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Application Of Silicon Carbide To Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors
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Book Synopsis Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron-radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron-radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to conventional mirror materials exposed to the harsh synchrotron radiation (SR) environment has prompted the SR user community to search for more suitable materials. Next-generation insertion devices, with their attendant flux increases, will make the problem of mirror design even more difficult. A parallel effort in searching for better materials has been underway within the laser community for several years. The technology for dealing with high thermal loads is highly developed among laser manufacturers. Performance requirements for laser heat exchangers are remarkably similar to SR mirror requirements. We report on the application of laser heat exchanger technology to the solution of typical SR mirror design problems. The superior performance of silicon carbide for laser applications is illustrated by various material trades studies, and its superior performance for SR applications is illustrated by means of model calculations.
Book Synopsis Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Application of Silicon Carbide to Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Silicon Carbide Mirrors for High Power Applications by :
Download or read book Silicon Carbide Mirrors for High Power Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of synchrotron radiation (SR) sources and high energy lasers (HEL) in recent years has brought about the need for optical materials that can withstand the harsh operating conditions in such devices. SR mirrors must be ultra-high vacuum compatible, must withstand intense x-ray irradiation without surface damage, must maintain surface figure under thermal loading and must be capable of being polished to an extremely smooth surface finish. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) silicon carbide in combination with sintered substrate material meets these requirements and offers additional benefits as well. It is an extremely hard material and offers the possibility of being cleaned and recoated many times without degradation of the surface finish, thereby prolonging the lifetime of expensive optical components. It is an extremely strong material and offers the possibility of weight reduction over conventional mirror materials.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of CVD Silicon Carbide for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Evaluation of CVD Silicon Carbide for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide (CVD SiC) is a recent addition to the list of materials suitable for use in the harsh environment of synchrotron radiation (SR) beam lines. SR mirrors for use at normal incidence must be ultrahigh vacuum compatible, must withstand intense x-ray irradiation without surface damage, must be capable of being polished to an extremely smooth surface finish, and must maintain surface figure under thermal loading. CVD SiC exceeds the performance of conventional optical materials in all these areas. It is, however, a relatively new optical material. Few manufacturers have experience in producing optical quality material, and few opticians have experience in figuring and polishing the material. The CVD material occurs in a variety of forms, sensitively dependent upon reaction chamber production conditions. We are evaluating samples of CVD SiC obtained commercially from various manufacturers, representing a range of deposition conditions, to determine which types of CVD material are most suitable for superpolishing. At the time of this writing, samples are being polished by several commercial vendors and surface finish characteristics are being evaluated by various analytical methods.
Book Synopsis Development of Polishing Methods for Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book Development of Polishing Methods for Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material properties of Chemical Vapor Deposited Silicon Carbide (CVD SiC) make it ideal for use in mirrors for synchrotron radiation experiments. We developed methods to grind and polish flat samples of CVD SiC down to measured surface roughness values as low as 1.1 Angstroms rms. We describe the processing details, including observations we made during trial runs with alternative processing recipes. We conclude that pitch polishing using progressively finer diamond abrasive, augmented with specific water based lubricants and additives, produces superior results. Using methods based on these results, a cylindrical and a toroidal mirror, each about 100 x 300mm, were respectively finished by Continental Optical and Frank Cooke, Incorporated. WYCO Interferometry shows these mirrors have surface roughness less than 5.7 Angstroms rms. These mirrors have been installed on the LLNL/UC X-ray Calibration and Standards Facility at the Stanford Synthrotron Radiation Laboratory.
Book Synopsis Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials Analysis by : H. Saisho
Download or read book Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials Analysis written by H. Saisho and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-08-02 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchroton radiation (SR) is utilized in most scientific fields. This book will therefore be useful not only for researchers engaged in analytical chemistry, and those studying the basic fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, as well as earth science, medicine, and life science but also for those engaged in research for elucidating structure of material and its function in the application fields including applied physics, semiconductor engineering, and metal engineering. The book has a highly interdisciplinary character. The outstanding characteristics of SR have also contributed to the rapid development of new fields and applications in analytical chemistry. Features of this book: • Explains the basics of SR • Facilities and instrumentation are covered to facilitate the planning of experiments using SR. • Aspects for the future development of SR are included together with an introduction to the latest techniques which are expected to find increasing use in the coming years. This book should stimulate students specializing in analytical chemistry and materials science to have an interest in SR. In addition, it will provide scientists who are beginning analytical chemistry research using SR with instructive and illustrative descriptions. The book can also be used as an explanatory text for advanced research on the application of SR.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology by : R. Sweet
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Structural Biology written by R. Sweet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of synchrotron radiation (SR) as a research tool was driven largely by the needs of materials scientists and solid-state physi cists. However, the availability of SR has extended significantly the capa bility of scientists who study biological structure with radiation. This volume contains some of the results reported at a symposium held at Brookhaven National Laboratory in May 1988 to discuss the application of synchrotron radiation to structural biology. We are grateful for financial support from the u. s. Department of Energy, the National Institutes of Health, Genentech, Inc., Blake Indus tries, Inc., Evans and Sutherland Co., The Upjohn Company, Eli Lilly and Company, Enraf-Nonius Service Corp., and Associated Universities, Inc. We warmly thank Ms. Nancy Siemon for her tireless efforts with correspondence and the manuscripts for this symposium volume. Symposium Committee: Robert M. Sweet, Chair Malcolm S. Capel Benno P. Schoenborn John C. Sutherland Elizabeth C. Theil Stephen W. White Avril D. Woodhead Helen Z. Kondratuk, Coordinator v CONTENTS An Introduction to the Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 R. M. Sweet SYMPOSIUM LECTURE Developments in X-ray Technology and Their Contribution to Structural Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 H. E. Huxley SOME OF THE SYNCHROTRON FACILITIES FOR BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES MacChess - A Macromolecular Diffraction Resource at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 W. Schi1dkamp, K. Moffat, B. Batterman, D. Bilderback, T-Y. Teng, A. LeGrand and D. Szebenyi Facilities Available for Biophysics Research at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 R. P."
Book Synopsis Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation by : G.V. Marr
Download or read book Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation written by G.V. Marr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 2 of this series concentrates on the use of synchrotron radiation which covers that region of the electromagnetic spectrum which extends from about 10eV to 3keV in photon energy and is essentially the region where the radiation is strongly absorbed by atmospheric gases. It therefore has to make extensive use of a high vacuum to transport the radiation to the workstation where the presence of hard X-rays can cause extensive damage to both the optics and the targets used in the experimental rigs. The topics chosen for this volume have been limited to the disciplines of physics and chemistry.
Book Synopsis Silicon Carbide Ceramics by : S. Somiya
Download or read book Silicon Carbide Ceramics written by S. Somiya and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-08-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon carbides have major industrial uses as high temperature structural ceramic materials. These two volumes are translated from the Japanese and provide a comprehensive account of the seminal work going on in Japan.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation by : Ernst-Eckhard Koch
Download or read book Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation written by Ernst-Eckhard Koch and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1983 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume deals with the characteristics of synchrotron radiation, with instrumentation and research applications providing a maximum of useful information in graphical and tabular form. The topics, covered in review form by well-known specialists, are presented on a tutorial level.
Book Synopsis Gratings, Mirrors and Slits by : WB Peatman
Download or read book Gratings, Mirrors and Slits written by WB Peatman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation Sources and Applications by : G.N Greaves
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Sources and Applications written by G.N Greaves and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation facilities embrace an unusually wide range of scientific and technical skills, including high brilliance electron accelerator technology, ultra high vacuum precision engineering, and beamline optical engineering. With individual contributions from specialists in each area, Synchrotron Radiation Sources and Applications comprehensively covers various topics, from the basic theory of synchrotron radiation to its uses as an experimental tool in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optical Systems for Soft X Rays by : A.G. Michette
Download or read book Optical Systems for Soft X Rays written by A.G. Michette and published by Springer. This book was released on 1884 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental problem in cell biology is the cause of aging. The solution to this problem has not yet been obtained because,(l) until recently, it was not possible to image living cells directly. The use of low-energy (soft) X rays has made such imaging possible, perhaps thereby allowing the aging process to be understood and possibly overcome (a result that may well generate further social, moral, and ethical problems). Fortun ately this is not the only aspect of cell biology amenable to soft X-ray imaging, and it is envisaged that many less controversial studies--such as investigations of the detailed differences between healthy and diseased or malignant cells (in their natural states) and processes of cell division and growth-will be made possible. The use of soft X rays is not limited to biological studies-many applications are possible in, for example, fusion research, materials science, and astronomy. Such studies have only recently begun in earnest because several difficulties had to be overcome, major among these being the lack (for some purposes) of sufficiently intense sources, and the technological difficulties associated with making efficient optical systems. As is well known, the advent of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources, in particular, has alleviated the first of these difficulties, not just for the soft X-ray region. It is the purpose of this book to consider progress in the second.
Book Synopsis Optical Systems for Soft X Rays by : A.G. Michette
Download or read book Optical Systems for Soft X Rays written by A.G. Michette and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fundamental problem in cell biology is the cause of aging. The solution to this problem has not yet been obtained because,(l) until recently, it was not possible to image living cells directly. The use of low-energy (soft) X rays has made such imaging possible, perhaps thereby allowing the aging process to be understood and possibly overcome (a result that may well generate further social, moral, and ethical problems). Fortun ately this is not the only aspect of cell biology amenable to soft X-ray imaging, and it is envisaged that many less controversial studies--such as investigations of the detailed differences between healthy and diseased or malignant cells (in their natural states) and processes of cell division and growth-will be made possible. The use of soft X rays is not limited to biological studies-many applications are possible in, for example, fusion research, materials science, and astronomy. Such studies have only recently begun in earnest because several difficulties had to be overcome, major among these being the lack (for some purposes) of sufficiently intense sources, and the technological difficulties associated with making efficient optical systems. As is well known, the advent of dedicated synchrotron radiation sources, in particular, has alleviated the first of these difficulties, not just for the soft X-ray region. It is the purpose of this book to consider progress in the second.
Book Synopsis 1981 New England Section Topical Meeting on Nonoxide Ceramics by : William J. Smothers
Download or read book 1981 New England Section Topical Meeting on Nonoxide Ceramics written by William J. Smothers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of the Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceeding (CESP) series. This series contains a collection of papers dealing with issues in both traditional ceramics (i.e., glass, whitewares, refractories, and porcelain enamel) and advanced ceramics. Topics covered in the area of advanced ceramic include bioceramics, nanomaterials, composites, solid oxide fuel cells, mechanical properties and structural design, advanced ceramic coatings, ceramic armor, porous ceramics, and more.
