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Application Of A Non Thermal Plasma To Combustion Enhancement
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Book Synopsis Application of a Non-thermal Plasma to Combustion Enhancement by :
Download or read book Application of a Non-thermal Plasma to Combustion Enhancement written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a primary objective, researchers in Los Alamos National Laboratory's P-24 Plasma Physics group are aiming to minimize U.S. energy dependency on foreign resources through experiments incorporating a plasma assisted combustion unit. Under this broad category, researchers seek to increase efficiency and reduce NO(subscript x)/SO(subscript x) and unburned hydrocarbon emissions in IC-engines, gas-turbine engines, and burner units. To date, the existing lean burn operations, consisting of higher air to fuel ratio, have successfully operated in a regime where reduced NO(subscript x)/SO(subscript x) emissions are expected and have also shown increased combustion efficiency (less unburned hydrocarbon) for propane. By incorporating a lean burn operation assisted by a non-thermal plasma (NTP) reactor, the fracturing of hydrocarbons can occur with increased power (combustion, efficiency, and stability). Non-thermal plasma units produce energetic electrons, but avoid the high gas and ion temperatures involved in thermal plasmas. One non-thermal plasma method, known as silent discharge, allows free radicals to act in propagating combustion reactions, as well as intermediaries in hydrocarbon fracturing. Using non-thermal plasma units, researchers have developed a fuel activation/conversion system capable of decreasing pollutants while increasing fuel efficiency, providing a path toward future U.S. energy independence.
Book Synopsis Electric Field Effects in Combustion with Non-thermal Plasma by : Tiernan Albert Casey
Download or read book Electric Field Effects in Combustion with Non-thermal Plasma written by Tiernan Albert Casey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemically reacting zones such as flames act as sources of charged species and can thus be considered as weakly-ionized plasmas. As such, the action of an externally applied electric field has the potential to affect the dynamics of reaction zones by enhancing transport, altering the local chemical composition, activating reaction pathways, and by providing additional thermal energy through the interaction of electrons with neutral molecules. To investigate these effects, one-dimensional simulations of reacting flows are performed including the treatment of charged species transport and non-thermal electron chemistry using a modified reacting fluid solver. A particular area of interest is that of plasma assisted ignition, which is investigated in a canonical one-dimensional configuration. An incipient ignition kernel, formed by localized energy deposition into a lean mixture of methane and air at atmospheric pressure, is subjected to sub-breakdown electric fields by applied voltages across the domain, resulting in non-thermal behavior of the electron sub-fluid formed during the discharge. Strong electric fields cause charged species to be rapidly transported from the ignition zone across the domain in opposite directions as charge fronts, augmenting the magnitude of the electric field in the fresh gas during the pulse through a dynamic-electrode effect. This phenomenon results in an increase in the energy of the electrons in the fresh mixture with increasing time, accelerating electron impact dissociation processes. A semi-analytic model to represent this dynamic electrode effect is constructed to highlight the relative simplicity of the electrodynamic problem admitted by the far more detailed chemistry and transport. Enhanced fuel and oxidizer decomposition due to electron impact dissociation and interaction with excited neutrals generate a pool of radicals, mostly O and H, in the fresh gas ahead of the flame's preheat zone. The effect of nanosecond pulses are to increase the mass of fuel burned at equivalent times relative to the unsupported ignition through enhanced radical generation, resulting in an increased heat release rate in the immediate aftermath of the pulse.
Book Synopsis NOx Trap Catalysts and Technologies by : Luca Lietti
Download or read book NOx Trap Catalysts and Technologies written by Luca Lietti and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will be the first to comprehensively present the current research on catalysts used for NOx abatement in lean exhausts.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Simulations and Optical Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines by : Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Download or read book Simulations and Optical Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines written by Akhilendra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on combustion simulations and optical diagnostics techniques, which are currently used in internal combustion engines. The book covers a variety of simulation techniques, including in-cylinder combustion, numerical investigations of fuel spray, and effects of different fuels and engine technologies. The book includes chapters focused on alternative fuels such as DEE, biomass, alcohols, etc. It provides valuable information about alternative fuel utilization in IC engines. Use of combustion simulations and optical techniques in advanced techniques such as microwave-assisted plasma ignition, laser ignition, etc. are few other important aspects of this book. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.
Book Synopsis Combustion Modification by Non-thermal Plasma by : Ali Bourig
Download or read book Combustion Modification by Non-thermal Plasma written by Ali Bourig and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pulsed Plasma Generator Development and Low-temperature Plasma-assisted Combustion at Atmospheric Pressure by : Mathew Evans
Download or read book Pulsed Plasma Generator Development and Low-temperature Plasma-assisted Combustion at Atmospheric Pressure written by Mathew Evans and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis presents an experimental study of the engineering and physics of high-voltage nanosecond-pulsed diffuse discharges, and their application to the enhancement of lean-premixed combustion at atmospheric pressure. The technology development in this work is focused on providing appropriate low-temperature radical pools, and the experiments are aimed at demonstrating the effect of these pools for combustion actuation. The experimental results are focused on the explanation of the physical processes associated with these discharges. The discharge propagation and emission spectrum were examined, the distribution functions of particles along internal energy levels were calculated, and the resulting enhancement of combustion was observed. This work shows that the plasma emission from fuel-lean mixtures is primarily composed of high vibrational populations of electronically excited nitrogen molecules, upon which a low-temperature is measured on the rotational manifold. Previous work shows that these low-temperature excited particles will collide with molecular oxygen, or fuel molecules, to produce species (atomic/molecular ground/excited oxygen, fragmented fuel molecules...) that accelerate chain-branching reactions in the combustion reaction mechanism. This work shows that the majority of the electronically excited vibrational states of nitrogen molecules, in a diffuse discharge, decay rapidly after the application of a high-voltage pulse. These findings set the framework for the implementation of diffuse plasma to laboratory-scale combustion enhancement. As an integral part of this work, the design and development of electrical generators that can produce such a reactive medium in large volume is included, and extensively detailed. An inexpensive solid-state pulse generator, based on commercially available amorphous ferromagnetic materials, is designed and developed to drive capacitive loads. The generator is used to produce large volumes of diffuse plasma and increase the blow off velocity of stagnation flames. To further investigate this enhancement, an optically accessible plasma burner is implemented and used for the detailed study of stagnation flame plasma actuation. This work shows that significant actuation can be provided to a flame, when diffuse plasma is placed upstream, and directly in contact with the combustion front. The displacement of the leading edge of a flame, into the fresh unburned mixture, is measured following a high-voltage actuating pulse. The displacement of the leading edge strongly points toward low-temperature reactivity enhancement. The optical and electrical characteristics of the diffuse plasma are reported for both the non-combusting and combusting flows. These provide a more accurate picture of the thermal characteristics and complex phenomena occurring in this transient discharge. Streamer propagation dynamics and coupled energy measurements are reported to provide further insight regarding the delicate balance that exists between plasma and flame sheet in this experimental configuration. It can be concluded that diffuse plasma is an effective low-temperature chemical actuation method for combustion enhancement at atmospheric pressure.To conclude this work, the first step toward high-pressure actuation of combustion with diffuse plasma was explored. The task of producing diffuse plasma above atmospheric pressure was undertaken. This work presents the development of a second solid-state pulse generator with increased power delivery capabilities. The generator is used to produce large volumes of diffuse plasma in a high-pressure vessel filled with air. It is found that diffuse plasma actuation could eventually be implemented in a high-pressure combustion experiment using this technology." --
Book Synopsis Plasma Science and Technology by : Tetsu Mieno
Download or read book Plasma Science and Technology written by Tetsu Mieno and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early twentieth century, Dr. Irving Langmuir actively studied plasma discharge and surface science. Since then, great progress has been made in the development of applications of discharges and plasmas such as discharge lamps, electric tubes, and arc welding. In relation to studies on space physics and controlled nuclear fusion, plasma physics has greatly advanced. Plasma chemistry has also progressed along with its applications in LSI fabrication technology, the chemical vapor deposition of functional films, and the production of nanomaterials. In the twenty-first century, the further development of applications of plasma physics and plasma chemistry is certainly expected. In this book, 18 chapters on the recent progress in plasma science and technology have been written by active specialists worldwide.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology - Two Volume Set by : J. Leon Shohet
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology - Two Volume Set written by J. Leon Shohet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 3082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical plasmas have a wide range of industrial applications. The Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology covers all aspects of plasma technology from the fundamentals to a range of applications across a large number of industries and disciplines. Topics covered include nanotechnology, solar cell technology, biomedical and clinical applications, electronic materials, sustainability, and clean technologies. The book bridges materials science, industrial chemistry, physics, and engineering, making it a must have for researchers in industry and academia, as well as those working on application-oriented plasma technologies. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Plasma Technology by : Paul K. Chu
Download or read book Low Temperature Plasma Technology written by Paul K. Chu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-07-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of pioneering scientists from around the world, Low Temperature Plasma Technology: Methods and Applications brings together recent technological advances and research in the rapidly growing field of low temperature plasmas. The book provides a comprehensive overview of related phenomena such as plasma bullets, plasma penetration i
Book Synopsis Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control by : Bernie M. Penetrante
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Book Synopsis 17th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry by : Javad T. Mostaghimi
Download or read book 17th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry written by Javad T. Mostaghimi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Applications and Modeling on Non-thermal Plasmas by : Yonry R. Zhu
Download or read book Applications and Modeling on Non-thermal Plasmas written by Yonry R. Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on validation of a 0D plasma kinetic model and its subsequent use as an explanatory tool to support the results of hot-fire tests of a plasma assisted rotating detonation combustor. The plasma model predictions showed good agreement with experimentally measured values of various ground state species number densities, vibrationally excited N2 number densities, plasma temperatures, and ignition delay times. Once validated, the plasma model was combined with a ZND detonation model and semi-empirical correlation to determine the effects of a non-thermal plasma on the reduction of the detonation cell size for an H2 - air mixture. The modeling results showed that non-thermal plasma significantly reduces the detonation cell size. This effect is most pronounced at lean conditions, where the model predicted a reduction in cell size by a factor of more than 100. For stoichiometric and rich conditions, the cell size reduction was around a factor of 5. An investigation was conducted to determine the viability of using a non-thermal plasma to expand the operating regime of a rotating detonation combustor. The plasma was produced with a nanosecond pulse generator connected to a ceramic and metal centerbody electrode. Hot-fire testing results showed that the plasma causes detonation onset in conditions that would otherwise not support detonation. This effect was most prominent at near-stoichiometric conditions, with a reduced effect for richer or leaner mixtures.
Book Synopsis Enhancement of Combustion and Flame Stabilization Using Transient Non-Equilibrium Plasma by :
Download or read book Enhancement of Combustion and Flame Stabilization Using Transient Non-Equilibrium Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of non-equilibrium plasma on both partially premixed and non-premixed flames was investigated through the development of a newly integrated magnetic gliding arc (MGA) system. The lifted jet diffusion flame experiments showed a significant enhancement of the flame stabilization with plasma discharge in the air co-flow. The counterflow experiments also demonstrated that the extinction limits were extended dramatically. Laser diagnostics of flame temperature and OH distribution using planar Rayleigh scattering and planar laser-induced fluorescence revealed that the plasma-flame interaction at low air temperature was dominated by thermal effects due to rapid radical quenching. Counterflow ignition experiments for CH4-air and H2-air non-premixed flames demonstrated clearly that the MGA significantly decreased the ignition temperatures via kinetic enhancement by the NOx, catalytic effect. Numerical modeling showed that there were two ignition regimes for plasma enhanced ignition, kinetic at low strain rates and thermal at high strain rates. Comparison between experiment and simulation were in good agreement and also suggested the possibility of enhancement by ions, excited species or other mechanisms. Theoretical analysis of minimum ignition energy in a quiescent mixture showed that the production of small hydrocarbon fuel fragments by plasma discharge also led to a significant decrease of ignition energy due to radiation and transport coupling.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrogen for Future Thermal Engines by : Efstathios-Al. Tingas
Download or read book Hydrogen for Future Thermal Engines written by Efstathios-Al. Tingas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential of hydrogen combustion in thermal engines and serves as a foundation for future research. Hydrogen, a well-established energy carrier, has been used in internal combustion engines for centuries, but despite progress and industry interest, hydrogen engines have yet to reach mass production. In light of recent efforts to combat climate change with clean energy and environmentally-friendly technologies, the use of hydrogen in thermal engines is gaining momentum. This book examines the unique challenges of hydrogen combustion due to its wide flammability limits, high auto-ignition temperature, and high diffusivity. It reviews current knowledge on the fundamental and practical aspects of hydrogen combustion and considers current developments and potential future advancement.
Download or read book Methane Conversion written by D.M. Bibby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-03-01 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume comprises the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers presented at a symposium organised to mark the successful inauguration of the world's first commercial plant for production of gasoline from natural gas, based on the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. The objectives of the Symposium were to present both fundamental research and engineering aspects of the development and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline processes. These include steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. Possible alternative processes e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons were also considered.The papers in this volume provide a valuable and extremely wide-ranging overview of current research into the various options for natural gas conversion, giving a detailed description of the gas-to-gasoline process and plant. Together, they represent a unique combination of fundamental surface chemistry catalyst characterization, reaction chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization.
