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Antibiotic Alternatives And Combinational Therapies For Bacterial Infections
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Book Synopsis Antibiotic Alternatives and Combinational Therapies for Bacterial Infections by : Sanna Sillankorva
Download or read book Antibiotic Alternatives and Combinational Therapies for Bacterial Infections written by Sanna Sillankorva and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thoughtless person playing with penicillin treatment is morally responsible for the death of the man who succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resistant organism.” As Alexander Fleming predicted already in 1945 bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. From time to time we are bombarded with news of infections and deaths caused by antibiotic resistant and multiple drug resistant superbugs. This increase of resistance towards commonly used antibiotics due to decades of use, misuse and abuse of antibiotics, is today a global health concern. Research investments on development of new antimicrobials that can fight antimicrobial resistant microorganisms are scarce yet some new antibiotic discoveries have been described recently. Nevertheless, the advent of antibiotic failure due to bacterial resistance has brought interest in other alternative therapies. Natural products from microbial origin are examples of such alternative therapies. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses and consequently bacterial natural enemies and together with their derived enzymes are efficient towards antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP), natural compounds with alternative mechanisms of action, are short-length peptides present in a variety of sources and in many forms. AMP have been recognized as promising candidates for replacing classical antimicrobials due to their multiple mechanisms of action and general low specificity in terms of molecular targets, which reduces the chance of acquired resistance. Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) are destabilisers of key communication mechanisms that regulate virulence and the establishment of biofilm-related infections.
Book Synopsis Alternatives to Antibiotics by : Tilak Saha
Download or read book Alternatives to Antibiotics written by Tilak Saha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses prospective alternative approaches to fight bacterial infections to minimize the indiscriminate use of conventional antibiotics. It offers the current knowledge on research and development of alternative antibacterial agents such as probiotics, nanobiotics etc. while it also discusses newly emerging trends such as phage therapy, antibody therapy etc. The book highlights on the phytochemicals with potent antibacterial activities as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Chemical modification to develop next generation antibiotics with enhanced efficacy has also been included. Such modifications are reported to overcome the inherent resistance of the parent antibiotics. Phage therapy and targeted antibodies are considered as potential alternative approaches to treat bacterial ailments and represent areas of cutting-edge research and have therefore been discussed with sufficient care. Mainly, the book highlights various approaches other than conventional antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The scientific advancements in these areas will strengthen the ‘One Health’ approach benefiting human beings, animals and environment as well. This book is a comprehensive resource to cater researchers, biological scientists, herbalists and clinical practitioners with up-to-date information on antibacterials other than antibiotics.
Book Synopsis Bacteriophages by : Pilar García Suárez
Download or read book Bacteriophages written by Pilar García Suárez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is talk of an upcoming antibiotic armageddon, with untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. Indeed, the now famous “O’Neill Report” (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that, by 2050, more people might die from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections than from cancer. While we are still learning all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, it seems increasingly clear that we need to take a “one health” approach, curtailing the use of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine. However, there are no new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Maybe something that has been around “forever” can come to our rescue—bacteriophages! Nevertheless, it is also necessary to do things differently, and use these new antimicrobials appropriately. Therefore, an in-depth study of bacteriophage biology and case-by-case applications might be required. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics related to bacteriophages as antimicrobials, including their use in human therapy and aquaculture. It also explores the potential use of phage endolysins as substitutes of antibiotics in two sectors where there is an urgent need—human therapy and the agro-food industry. Last but not least, there is an excellent perspective article on phage therapy implementation.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance by : Jun Lin
Download or read book Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance written by Jun Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance, which is implicated in elevated morbidity and mortality rates as well as in the increased treatment costs, is considered to be one of the major global public health threats (www.who.int/drugresistance/en/) and the magnitude of the problem recently prompted a number of international and national bodies to take actions to protect the public (http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/docs/road-map-amr_en.pdf: http://www.who.int/drugresistance/amr_global_action_plan/en/; http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf). Understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria successfully defend themselves against the antibiotic assault represent the main theme of this eBook published as a Research Topic in Frontiers in Microbiology, section of Antimicrobials, Resistance, and Chemotherapy. The articles in the eBook update the reader on various aspects and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. A better understanding of these mechanisms should facilitate the development of means to potentiate the efficacy and increase the lifespan of antibiotics while minimizing the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens.
Book Synopsis Last Chance Viral Phage Therapy by : Martin Scott
Download or read book Last Chance Viral Phage Therapy written by Martin Scott and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-01-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last Chance Viral Phage Therapy The Natural Alternative to Antibiotics Antibiotics: The best option for you. Right? Not necessarily... there may be an alternative: Phage Therapy! Phage Therapy: The use of bacteriophages, the most abundant organisms on earth, used to attack and kill host cells in bacterial viruses. Although not recognized as a medicinal product, and not covered by public health insurance in most countries, phage therapy is something to be explored. Research suggests that phage therapy can even be used in conjunction with antibiotics in cases where there is antibiotic resistance. With information on the advantages that phage therapy has over conventional antibiotic therapy, the pros and cons of its use and further information on antibiotic resistance 'Last Chance Viral Phage Therapy' will give you all the information you need to know and more.
Book Synopsis Phage Therapy: Past, Present and Future by : Stephen T. Abedon
Download or read book Phage Therapy: Past, Present and Future written by Stephen T. Abedon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the first observation of a transmissible lytic agent that is specifically active against a bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) was by a Russian microbiologist Nikolay Gamaleya in 1898. At that time, however, it was too early to make a connection to another discovery made by Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892 and Martinus Beijerinck in 1898 on a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants. Thus the viral world was discovered in two of the three domains of life, and our current understanding is that viruses represent the most abundant biological entities on the planet. The potential of bacteriophages for infection treatment have been recognized after the discoveries by Frederick Twort and Felix d’Hérelle in 1915 and 1917. Subsequent phage therapy developments, however, have been overshadowed by the remarkable success of antibiotics in infection control and treatment, and phage therapy research and development persisted mostly in the former Soviet Union countries, Russia and Georgia, as well as in France and Poland. The dramatic rise of antibiotic resistance and especially of multi-drug resistance among human and animal bacterial pathogens, however, challenged the position of antibiotics as a single most important pillar for infection control and treatment. Thus there is a renewed interest in phage therapy as a possible additive/alternative therapy, especially for the infections that resist routine antibiotic treatment. The basis for the revival of phage therapy is affected by a number of issues that need to be resolved before it can enter the arena, which is traditionally reserved for antibiotics. Probably the most important is the regulatory issue: How should phage therapy be regulated? Similarly to drugs? Then the co-evolving nature of phage-bacterial host relationship will be a major hurdle for the production of consistent phage formulae. Or should we resort to the phage products such as lysins and the corresponding engineered versions in order to have accurate and consistent delivery doses? We still have very limited knowledge about the pharmacodynamics of phage therapy. More data, obtained in animal models, are necessary to evaluate the phage therapy efficiency compared, for example, to antibiotics. Another aspect is the safety of phage therapy. How do phages interact with the immune system and to what costs, or benefits? What are the risks, in the course of phage therapy, of transduction of undesirable properties such as virulence or antibiotic resistance genes? How frequent is the development of bacterial host resistance during phage therapy? Understanding these and many other aspects of phage therapy, basic and applied, is the main subject of this Topic.
Book Synopsis Alternative Therapeutics Against Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens by : Rebecca Thombre
Download or read book Alternative Therapeutics Against Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens written by Rebecca Thombre and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia by : Jordi Rello
Download or read book Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia written by Jordi Rello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is a book in which chapters are authored and the same topics discussed by North American and European experts. This approach provides a unique opportunity to view the different perspectives and points of view on this subject. Severe CAP is a common clinical problem encountered in the ICU setting. This book reviews topics concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SCAP. The discussions on the role of alcohol in severe CAP and adjunctive therapies are important topics that further our understanding of this severe respiratory infection.
Book Synopsis Facing the Upcoming of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Novel Antimicrobial Therapies (NATs) by : Angel León-Buitimea
Download or read book Facing the Upcoming of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Novel Antimicrobial Therapies (NATs) written by Angel León-Buitimea and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phage Therapy written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2022-10-05 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Phage Therapy The therapeutic use of bacteriophages, also known as phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy, may be defined as the treatment of infectious diseases caused by harmful bacteria. This treatment technique arose at the beginning of the 20th century, but following the second world war, it was gradually supplanted by the use of antibiotics in most areas of the globe. Bacteriophages are a kind of virus that attach itself to bacterial cells and then inject their genome into the bacterial cell. Bacteriophages are also known as phages. The bacterial genome is successfully replaced by the genome of the virus, which results in the cessation of the bacterial infection. Because it is unable to replicate, the bacterial cell that is responsible for the infection instead creates extra phages. Phages are only effective against extremely specific bacterial species due to their high level of specificity. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Phage therapy Chapter 2: Antibiotic Chapter 3: Antimicrobial resistance Chapter 4: Bacteriophage Chapter 5: Colistin Chapter 6: Multiple drug resistance Chapter 7: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chapter 8: Carbapenem Chapter 9: Polypeptide antibiotic Chapter 10: Steffanie A. Strathdee Chapter 11: Enzybiotics Chapter 12: Ceftolozane/tazobactam Chapter 13: Phagoburn Chapter 14: ESKAPE Chapter 15: Cefiderocol Chapter 16: Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics Chapter 17: Locus Biosciences Chapter 18: Benjamin Chan Chapter 19: Robert T. Schooley Chapter 20: Martha Clokie Chapter 21: Multidrug-resistant bacteria (II) Answering the public top questions about phage therapy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of phage therapy in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of phage therapy' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of phage therapy.
Book Synopsis Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World by : National Research Council
Download or read book Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.
Book Synopsis Antibiotics in the Tropics by : Sabine Enenkel
Download or read book Antibiotics in the Tropics written by Sabine Enenkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International textbooks on infectious diseases and antibacterial chemotherapy are usually written for readers in North America and Europe. In many ways, they are not appropriate for the prob lems encountered in developing countries. This book, in contrast, intends to define the rules of antibacterial chemotherapy practised under conditions of limited resources. It is meant for everyone con cerned with the use of antibiotics in developing countries, includ ing doctors, medical assistants, pharmacists, officials in health mio isteries, and medical students. Throughout the book, treatment recommendations are made for 1 antibiotics from the WHO list of essential drugs. For example, em phasis has therefore been put upon chloramphenicol as a stable, unexpensive and widely available oral agent suitable for the treat ment of severe bacterial infections like septicemia and meningitis. So-called "international chemotherapy" with modem cephalospor ins and acylaminopenicillins has been outlined for comparison. Since it is the aim of the book to base treatment recommenda tions on data from developing countries, many data on the etiology of common bacterial infections in developing countries have also been included. Most of the data are from African, English-speak ing developing countries, but references have been made to the lit erature on South East Asia, India or Papua New Guinea, where appropriate. On the other hand, pertinent data were not available in every instance, so that several statements and recommendations had to be made as "best guess". The authors are aware of these imperfections and will welcome comments from the readers.
Book Synopsis Combination Antimicrobial Therapy by : Jessica Geyer
Download or read book Combination Antimicrobial Therapy written by Jessica Geyer and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotic resistance has been declared a global concern by the World Health Organization and is increasing the rate of mortality of once-treatable, common infections. Antibiotic resistance is conferred by multiple mechanisms both intrinsic (horizontal gene transfer) and extrinsic (production of biofilms). The eradication of biofilms produced by bacterial colonization remains a serious threat to human infections. Bacterial biofilms produce an extracellular matrix composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). This matrix acts as a scaffold for growth and imparts a form of protection against predators, harsh conditions, and chemicals (e.g., bacteriophage, pH, and antibiotics). The biofilm-associated cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) are up to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic cells. Additionally, PsA has been linked to many infections that can be mortally dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF). PsA colonization in individuals with CF causes a decreased quality of life. Thus, there is a search for alternative strategies for antimicrobial management. Our lab has produced a patented zinc-containing porphyrin, Zn(II)meso-5,10,15-triyl-tris(1-methylpyridin-1-ium)-20-(pentafluorophenyl) porphine tritosylate (ZnPor), which exhibits broad antibacterial activity against planktonic and biofilm-associated cells of PsA. ZnPor presents itself as a unique possible surrogate for traditional antibiotics by its interaction with eDNA of biofilms. ZnPor intercalates between base pairs and binds to the outside of the helix, resulting in a more porous biofilm that dissembles and detaches from substrata. Furthermore, ZnPor has potent photoactivity that increases both its bactericidal and viricidal properties when exposed to light. The ability to disrupt the inherent matrix structure makes biofilm-associated cells more accessible to other treatments such as antibiotics and bacteriophage infection. As highly specific against their selected targets, bacteriophage have many advantages against traditional antibiotics. Bacteriophage PEV2 is obligately lytic against PsA strain PAO1. Furthermore, it has been shown that PEV2 protects lung cells from infection and is not toxic in vitro. PEV2's activity against PsA makes it a viable therapeutic option, thus this study is dedicated to the investigation of the synergistic effect between ZnPor and PEV2 against PsA. Chapter 1 of this dissertation details the issue of antibiotic resistance, the mechanisms of resistance, and how becoming resistant affects organisms like PsA. This is followed by an exploration of current strategies for biofilm mitigation such as bacteriophage therapy and photodynamic therapy where the properties of ZnPor are discussed. Chapter 2 investigated the efficacy of both ZnPor and phage PEV2 against both planktonic and biofilm-associated cells of PsA strain PAO1 and PA14. Biofilms were grown on multiple types of clinically relevant substrata such as polyethylene, titanium, and hydroxyapatite. The combinatorial treatment of both ZnPor and PEV2 had a greater effect against biofilms of PsA than either treatment alone. Furthermore, the combined treatment showed a significant decrease of biofilm-associated cells of strain PA14 which is remarkable since this strain is not susceptible to PEV2 phage. This has led to the hypothesis that ZnPor is able to permeabilize the cell membrane which permits PEV2 cell entry apart from the normal receptor. Additionally, we report for the first time, a porphyrin that retains dark toxicity against bacteriophage virus. Chapter 3 expanded upon the combination therapy of ZnPor and PEV2 and its potential on human lung cells. It was demonstrated that ZnPor decreased the PsA load in a murine model of infection without showing any signs of toxicity to mouse lung cells. H441 tissue cells, which originate from a papillary lung adenocarcinoma of alveolar tissue, were chosen because they secrete alveolar fluid when challenged with bacteria that mimics the natural lung environment. A combinatorial treatment of ZnPor and PEV2 was able to rescue lung cells from PsA infection and was comparable to an untreated and uninfected control. Chapter 4 considered the property of ZnPor to make cells permeable and determine if chemically forcing competence allows for bacterial cells to uptake phage PEV2 genome. It was demonstrated that PsA biofilm cells pre-treated with a minimum inhibitory concentration of ZnPor allowed for phage propagation to proceed and cell lysis to occur without the need for whole intact phage. Chapter 5 of this dissertation will summarize results and further explore future directions and goals for this project.
Book Synopsis Alternatives to Combat Bacterial Infections by : Rodolfo García-Contreras
Download or read book Alternatives to Combat Bacterial Infections written by Rodolfo García-Contreras and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strategies to Overcome Superbug Invasions: Emerging Research and Opportunities by : Chopra, Dimple Sethi
Download or read book Strategies to Overcome Superbug Invasions: Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Chopra, Dimple Sethi and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, there has been an upsurge in microbial infections. Extensive and inappropriate usage of antimicrobial drugs in treating infections has led to the evolution of a resistant strain of microorganisms and irreversible immunosuppression in humans. Medical institutions and hospitals require solutions to combat these contagions in order to avoid future epidemics. Strategies to Overcome Superbug Invasions: Emerging Research and Opportunities highlights current research and potential strategies to prevent the emergence and re-emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microbial strains. The content within this publication examines biosensing, global initiatives, nanomaterials, and alternative therapies. It is designed for microbiologists, biotechnologists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, virologists, formulation scientists, infectious disease specialists, government officials, policymakers, healthcare practitioners, doctors, nurses, hospital directors, researchers, surgeons, and academicians who are seeking research on innovative solutions for multi-drug-resistant infections.
Book Synopsis Nature's Antibiotics by : Kate Gilbert Udall
Download or read book Nature's Antibiotics written by Kate Gilbert Udall and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1998-10-03 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than seventy years have passed since the emergence of synthetic antibiotic therapy. While providing valuable support in the fight against bacterial infection, health experts now recognize that the overuse of these antibiotics not only wipes out beneficial bacteria, but also creates new strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This booklet examines natural alternatives to antibiotics-including echinacea, goldenseal, pau d'arco, and others-and how they provide a safe and effective option to synthetic drugs.
Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology by : Estée Török
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology written by Estée Török and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook takes an integrated approach to both infectious disease and microbiology. Referenced to national frameworks and current legislation, it covers basic principles of bacteriology and virology, specific information on diseases and conditions, and material on 'hot topics' such as bioterrorism and preventative medicine.
