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Androgen Responsive Genes In Prostate Cancer
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Book Synopsis Androgen-Responsive Genes in Prostate Cancer by : Zhou Wang
Download or read book Androgen-Responsive Genes in Prostate Cancer written by Zhou Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-16 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play critical roles in the development and progression of prostate cancer, the most frequently diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in US males. AR is an androgen-dependent DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates the expression of androgen-responsive genes. Identification and characterization of androgen-responsive genes provide insights into the cellular mechanisms of androgen action and may lead to new approaches in diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer. This volume provides critical information from well respected experts in the field. Some of the exciting topics include the new understanding of mechanisms underlining the regulation of androgen-responsive gene expression, and functions of various androgen-responsive genes in biological processes essential in carcinogenesis including cell growth, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT). Other important aspects addressed are the current and potential clinic applications of knowledge on androgen-responsive gene regulation and function. This book is intended for researchers, scientists, faculty, and advanced graduate students with an interest in androgen action and prostate cancer.
Book Synopsis Androgen Action in Prostate Cancer by : Donald Tindall
Download or read book Androgen Action in Prostate Cancer written by Donald Tindall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgens are critical regulators of prostate differentiation and function, as well as prostate cancer growth and survival. Therefore, androgen ablation is the preferred systemic treatment for disseminated prostate cancer. Androgen action is exerted in target tissues via binding the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor. Historically, the gene expression program mediated by the AR has been poorly understood. However, recent gene expression profiling and more traditional single-gene characterization studies have revealed many androgen-regulated genes that are important mediators of androgen action in both normal and malignant prostate tissue. This book will focus on the androgen-regulated gene expression program, and examine how recently identified androgen-regulated genes are likely to contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer. Recent studies that have attempted to unravel how these genes are deregulated in androgen depletion independent prostate cancer will be included
Book Synopsis Androgen Action in Prostate Cancer by : Donald J. Tindall
Download or read book Androgen Action in Prostate Cancer written by Donald J. Tindall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgens are critical regulators of prostate differentiation and function, as well as prostate cancer growth and survival. Therefore, androgen ablation is the preferred systemic treatment for disseminated prostate cancer. Androgen action is exerted in target tissues via binding the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor. Historically, the gene expression program mediated by the AR has been poorly understood. However, recent gene expression profiling and more traditional single-gene characterization studies have revealed many androgen-regulated genes that are important mediators of androgen action in both normal and malignant prostate tissue. This book will focus on the androgen-regulated gene expression program, and examine how recently identified androgen-regulated genes are likely to contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer. Recent studies that have attempted to unravel how these genes are deregulated in androgen depletion independent prostate cancer will be included
Book Synopsis Mechanism and Regulation of Gene Expression by Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer by :
Download or read book Mechanism and Regulation of Gene Expression by Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our general objective is to use completely defined cell-free transcription systems both to identify novel androgen receptor (AR). associated cofactors and to investigate the mechanism of action of AR coactivators. Toward this objective we have investigated AR and cognate cofactor functions in cell-free transcription systems reconstituted with general initiation factors and cofactors, androgen receptors, and androgen-responsive templates. In this system, we observed an AR-dependent transcription, which could be positively or negatively modulated by various AR cofactors. Relevant to the mechanisms involved, we have identified two Mediator subunits as potential targets for AR and a basal transcription factor (TFIIE) as a potential target for the negative AR cofactor AMINO-TERMINAL ENHANCER OF SPLIT (A ES). We have identified AES and p44 as new AR-interacting proteins, which positively or negatively modulate AR transactivation in vitro and in vivo. We also investigated the expression of AR and various cofactors in primary prostate cancers and found near constant expression of AR and heterogeneous expression of AR cofactors. Modulation of cofactor expression affected the proliferation and colony formation of prostate tumor cells. Together, these findings indicate that the change of expression levels of AR cofactors may play important roles in prostate growth and tumorigenesis.
Book Synopsis Mechanism of Androgen Action in the Prostate by : Feng Jiang
Download or read book Mechanism of Androgen Action in the Prostate written by Feng Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgens are required for the structural and functional integrity of the prostate. Androgen action is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of two major prostate diseases, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma (CaP). Androgens regulate gene expression in the prostate through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of androgen action in the prostate, I used both cDNA subtractive hybridizations and microarray to comprehensively identify genes regulated by androgens using the rat ventral prostate model. Twenty-two genes up-regulated by androgens were isolated from my subtraction studies. From my microarray study, 162 and 143 genes were found to be up-regulated and down-regulated by androgens, respectively. Identification of these genes suggests that the following pathways are activated by androgens in the prostate---metabolism, protein synthesis, protein chaperoning and trafficking, secretions, cell cycle and apoptosis, and structural and extracellular proteins. I have characterized four androgen-responsive genes: FPPS, PLZF, GADD45gamma, and U19. FPPS is abundantly expressed and regulated by androgens in the rat prostatic epithelial cells. Both PLZF and GADD45gamma are found to be growth-suppressive to prostate cancer cells, suggesting that androgens might activate a signaling pathway to counteract the androgen-induced cell proliferation pathway. U19, a novel androgen-responsive apoptosis inducer, is also growth-suppressive to prostate cancer. Therefore, U19 was chosen for further mechanistic study. I identified FBI as a protein partner for U19. I determined that FB1 also interacts with EAF1, PML and ELL, and FB1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of U19. In conclusion, my thesis established a foundation for future mechanistic study of androgen action and provided new insights into the roles played by androgens in the prostate.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer by : Manfred Wirth
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by Manfred Wirth and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Function of an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Regulated in Prostate Development and Prostate Cancer by :
Download or read book Function of an Androgen Receptor Coactivator Regulated in Prostate Development and Prostate Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We hypothesize that ART-27 affects AR-dependent differentiation of prostate epithelial cells by regulating a subset of AR responsive genes important to prostate growth suppression and differentiation. We further hypothesize that alterations in the level of ART-27 modulates AR activity, which, in turn, affects AR-dependent cell growth regulation in vivo. Our aims are to identify ART-27-dependent AR-target genes involved in growth suppression and differentiation and to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of ART-27 expression in prostate cancer. Our approach is to ablate ART-27 protein using siRNA technology followed by gene expression array. Our preliminary findings indicate that loss of ART-27 may result in enhanced expression of genes that are often over-expressed in prostate cancer such as PSA, FKBP5, SOR, KRT18, and CDKN3. Loss of ART-27 also shows enhanced expression of at least one positive regulator of tumor growth, CDKN3.
Book Synopsis Androgen Action in the Prostate by : Shane W. Oram
Download or read book Androgen Action in the Prostate written by Shane W. Oram and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, prostate cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death in men. Androgens are the major growth factor for the prostate and have long been associated with prostate cancer. Androgens also act as the major differentiation factor of prostate epithelial cells and even have a role in apoptosis of these cells. Androgens exert their effects on the prostate by regulating the expression of various androgen-response genes. These genes are involved in a variety of cellular processes and are thought to regulate the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of the prostate. Recent studies have worked on identifying the androgen-response genes in the prostate, many of which are known genes, such as PSA, Calreticulin, etc. However, some encode novel gene products in which there is no known function. This study was undertaken to better understand androgen action in the prostate by investigating the regulation and function of two novel androgen-response genes. These two genes, S100RVP and ALP1, were studied in the rat ventral prostate, the Dunning rat prostate cancer cell lines, and also in the human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, and DU145). S100RVP is a new member of the S100 calcium-binding protein family. It is a delayed androgen-response gene that is involved in the calcium homeostasis of prostate epithelial cells. ALP1 is the mammalian orthologue to a bacterial protein termed ARD/ARD'. ARD proteins are enzymes involved in the Methionine salvage pathway, which is required for growth, polyamine synthesis, and is the primary source of Methyl donor groups. ALP1 is a primary androgen-response gene that is down-regulated in high Gleason grade prostate tumors, down-regulated in the prostate cancer cell lines and whose expression induces apoptosis in these same cells. ALP1 appears to be a novel mammalian ARD-like protein which possesses tumor suppressor like properties.
Author :Jay Young Gillenwater Publisher :Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 13 :9780781732208 Total Pages :1144 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (322 download)
Book Synopsis Adult and Pediatric Urology by : Jay Young Gillenwater
Download or read book Adult and Pediatric Urology written by Jay Young Gillenwater and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated edition of this classic three-volume work is a comprehensive reference on all surgical and medical aspects of urology. The first two volumes cover adult urology; the third volume focuses on pediatric urology. Includes expanded coverage of prostate disease, male sexual dysfunction, spinal cord injuries, and more. The CD-ROM provides quick access to the full text of the book, plus video clips of surgical procedures. 2,704.
Book Synopsis AR Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond by : Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
Download or read book AR Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond written by Emmanuel S. Antonarakis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "AR Signaling in Human Malignancies: Prostate Cancer and Beyond" that was published in Cancers
Book Synopsis The Androgen Receptor as a Transcriptional Co-activator by : Mesfin Gonit
Download or read book The Androgen Receptor as a Transcriptional Co-activator written by Mesfin Gonit and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer depends on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival even in the absence of androgen. In the classical models of gene activation by AR, ligand activated AR signals through binding to the androgen response elements (AREs) in the target gene promoter/enhancer. In the present study the role of AREs in the androgen-independent transcriptional signaling was investigated using LP50 cells, derived from parental LNCaP cells through extended passage in vitro. LP50 cells reflected the signature gene overexpression profile of advanced clinical prostate tumors. The growth of LP50 cells was profoundly dependent on nuclear localized AR but was independent of androgen. Nevertheless, in these cells AR was unable to bind to AREs in the absence of androgen. Gene expression profiling of LP50 cells showed that AR regulates two largely distinct gene expression programs, androgen-dependent and apo-AR dependent. Furthermore, a DNA binding domain mutant of AR which is unable to bind to ARE rescued androgen depletion insensitive proliferation and gene activation in LP50 cells depleted of endogenous wild type AR. Furthermore, ChIP-chip promoter tiling arrays revealed enrichment for AR in chromatin sites that are functional but lack ARE. To identify candidate transcription factors that tether AR to target genes in the absence of androgen, cis-elements of transcription factors in the AR interactome data set and AR chip peaks were used. We found direct interaction between AR and Elk-1 in both the C81 and C4-2 LNCaP variants of androgen depletion insensitive experimental model systems representing clinical advanced prostate cancer. AR dependent promoter activity of an Elk-1 driven promoter reporter construct and physical association between AR and Elk-1 by coimmunoprecipitation suggested that AR acts as a co-activator of Elk-1. Elk-1 was shown to be necessary for the proliferation of C81 and C4-2 cells. Expression profile studies further showed AR-dependent activation of gene clusters enriched for cell division function by Elk-1. This AR dependent gene regulation by Elk-1 was insensitive to androgen antagonist. The present study suggests that in advanced prostate cancer AR can support the progression of the tumor through ARE independent mechanisms by acting as a transcriptional co-activator for transcription factors such as Elk-1. This mechanism of action of AR is insensitive to hormone as well as antiandrogen. Hence, therapeutic strategies selectively targeting the interactions between AR and critical tethering proteins could be a novel approach for the management of advanced prostate cancer.
Book Synopsis Characterizations of Factors Affecting Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Regulation in Prostate Cancer by :
Download or read book Characterizations of Factors Affecting Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Regulation in Prostate Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgen Receptor Trapped clone-27 (ART-27) is a transcriptional coactivator of the androgen receptor (AR) that was identified in yeast two-hybrid screen using the AR as bait (see Markus et al). Recent studies suggest that the ART-27 protein is expressed in normal differentiated epithelial cells of the prostate and breast, in contrast to the stroma, where ART-27 is not expressed. Expression of ART-27 in LNCaP cells, an androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line, reduces androgen-mediated cellular proliferation, suggesting that ART-27 plays a role in suppressing cell growth. Consistent with a growth suppressive function, ART-27 protein is not detected in human prostate cancers or in the undifferentiated developing fetal prostate gland, whereas at a later stage of fetal prostate development when differentiated epithelial cells are evident ART-27 is detected. These results suggest that the lack of ART-27 in prostate cancer may occur as a result of de-differentiation. We propose that ART-27, via its activity as an AR coactivator, controls AR responsive genes that suppress proliferation and promote differentiation. Strategies to restore ART-27 expression could effectively treat local or metastatic prostate cancers by reestablishing a differentiated state and inhibiting cellular proliferation.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Cellular Biology of Prostate Cancer by : James P. Karr
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by James P. Karr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Intracellular Communications.- Tissue Specificity and Cell Death are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins.- Mechanism of Growth Regulation in Androgen Responsive Cells.- The Impact of Androgen, Extracellular Matrix, and Stroma upon Proliferation and Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Prostate Epithelial Cells.- Therapeutic Approaches to Activating Programmed Cell Death of Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer Cells.- Cell Motility and Structural Harmonics in Prostate Cancer.- Panel Discussion.- II. Growth Factors - 1.- Studies of the Endocrine and Paracrine Effect of Tumor Produced Factors in Human Genitourinary Cancers.- Fibroblast Growth Factor: Implications in the Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Fibroblast-Mediated Human Epithelial Tumor Growth and Hormonal Responsiveness In Vivo.- Polyamine Requirement of Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation.- Heparin-Binding (Fibroblast) Growth Factor/Receptor Gene Expression in the Prostate.- Characterization and Partial Purification of a Non - Heparin-Binding Prostate Growth Factor From Cancerous Human Prostate.- Panel Discussion.- Growth Factors - 2.- Transforming Growth Factor a: A Potential Autocrine Growth Regulator in Prostatic Carcinoma.- Prostatic Growth Factors (PrGFs) - From the Identification of Probasin to the Role of PrGFs.- Urogenital Sinus Derived Growth Inhibitory Factor.- Growth Factor Antagonists in Prostate Cancer: Suramin and Cytotoxic Polyamines as Potential Therapy.- Transforming Growth Factors in Human Prostate Cancer.- Gene Products as the Motivating Force in the Prostate Cell's Response to Androgens.- Panel Discussion.- III. Steroid Receptors.- Molecular Biology of Prostate - Specific Antigen.- Structure and Expression of the Androgen Receptor in Normal Tissues and in Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines.- Structural Analysis and Gene Expression of TR2 Receptor and TR3 Receptor.- cDNA Cloning, Antibody Production and Immunohistochemical Localization of the Androgen Receptor.- New Approaches to Studies on the Androgen Receptor.- Specific Receptors for Vitamin D3 in Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cells.- Panel Discussion.- IV. Poster Presentations.- Role of Androgens and Extracellular Matrix in the Growth and Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Prostatic Epithelial Cells.- Tissue Specificity and Cell Death Are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins.- ElTect of Transformation on Rat Prostatic Fibroblasts: Alterations In Extracellular Matrix and Cytoskeleton Gene Expression with Retention of Androgen Responsiveness and Androgen Receptor Expression.- A Potential Role for the MDR-1 Gene in the Development of Androgen-Independent Tumors.- Relevance of Low Androgen Levels and Adrenal Androgens in the Growth of Transplantable Human Prostatic Carcinomas.- Growth-Stimulating Effect of Growth Factor(s) from Androgen Independent Tumor Cells (CS 2-Cell) on Androgen Responsive Tumor Cells.- The Cellular Form of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase May Function as a Phosphotyrosyl Protein Phosphatase in Cells.- Expression of Prostate Antigen in LNCaP Cells in Culture.- Allelic Expression of the Mouse Ren-1 Genes in the Anterior Prostate (Coagulating Gland).- V. Dna Structure and Gene Expression.- Genomic Alterations in Prostatic Cancer.- Regulation of Gene Expression in the Prostate.- Androgen Regulation of HBGF I-(aFGF) and Characterization of the Androgen-Receptor mRNA in the Human Prostate Carcinoma Ceil Une - LNCaP/A-dep.- DNA Methylation, Differentiation and Cancer.- Evidence for tbe Involement of Genetic Differences and Mesenchymal Factors in the Progression of Oncogene - Induced Prostate Cancer in Reconstituted Mouse Prostate.- Differential Hybridization Analysis as a Tool to Study Prostatic Cancer Metastasis.- Molecular Biology of Androgen Acceptors in Prostatic Cancer Cells.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Contributors.
Book Synopsis Response and Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by : Hung-Ming Lam
Download or read book Response and Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer written by Hung-Ming Lam and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-24 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Transcriptional Regulation of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer by : Yuqian Hu
Download or read book Modelling the Transcriptional Regulation of Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer written by Yuqian Hu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcription of genes and production of proteins are essential functions of a normal cell. If disturbed, misregulation of crucial genes leads to aberrant cell behaviour and in some cases, leads to the development of diseased states such as cancer. One major transcriptional regulation tool involves the binding of transcription factor onto enhancer sequences that will encourage or repress transcription depending on the role of the transcription factor. In prostate cells, misregulation of the androgen receptor(AR), a key transcriptional regulator, leads to the development and maintenance of prostate cancer. Androgen receptor binds to numerous locations in the genome, but it is still unclear how and which other key transcription factors aid and repress AR-mediated transcription. Here I analyzed the data that contained the transcriptional activity of 4139 putative AR binding sites (ARBS) in the genome with and without the presence of hormone using the STARR-seq assay. Only a small fraction of ARBS showed significant differential expression when treated with hormone. To understand the underlying essential factors behind hormone-dependent behaviour, we developed both machine learning and biophysical models to identify active enhancers in prostate cancer cells. We also identify potentially crucial transcription factors for androgen-dependent behaviour and discuss the benefits and shortcomings of each modelling method.
Book Synopsis Suppressive Role of Androgen-Response Gene Calreticulin in Prostate Cancer by :
Download or read book Suppressive Role of Androgen-Response Gene Calreticulin in Prostate Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgens are intimately associated with prostate cancer progression. We have previously identified more than 24 androgen-response genes. One of the genes encodes calreticulin, a highly conserved protein with demonstrated%functions in intracellular Ca% homeostasis, cell adhesion, chaperoning, and gene expression. Our studies have indicated that calreticulin overexpression is suppressive to anchorage-independent growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells and calreticulin expression is down-regulated in human prostate tumor specimens. Thus, down-regulation of calreticulin in clinical prostate cancer specimens is likely to be an important step in prostate cancer progression. Our observations argue that part of androgen-induced gene expression program, such as calreticulin, is inactivated in the progression of prostate cancer, which represents a new concept in prostate cancer biology. Our results also provided strong basis for further exploring the mechanism by which calreticulin suppresses prostate tumor metastasis. In addition, we have generated 9 deletion mutants for calreticulin, which will allow us to determine which of the three domains, N, P, or C, is responsible for the suppression of prostate tumor metastasis.
Download or read book Земля И Труд written by and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
