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Author : J. J. Graafland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Analyzing the Macro Economic Impact of Child Care Subsidies written by J. J. Graafland and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David M. Blau
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440595
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Child Care Problem written by David M. Blau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-11-09 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The child care system in the United States is widely criticized, yet the underlying structural problems are difficult to pin down. In The Child Care Problem, David M. Blau sets aside the often emotional terms of the debate and applies a rigorous economic analysis to the state of the child care system in this country, arriving at a surprising diagnosis of the root of the problem. Blau approaches child care as a service that is bought and sold in markets, addressing such questions as: What kinds of child care are available? Is good care really hard to find? How do costs affect the services families choose? Why are child care workers underpaid relative to other professions? He finds that the child care market functions much better than is commonly believed. The supply of providers has kept pace with the number of mothers entering the workforce, and costs remain relatively modest. Yet most families place a relatively low value on high-quality child care, and are unwilling to pay more for better care. Blau sees this lack of demand—rather than the market's inadequate supply—as the cause of the nation's child care dilemma. The Child Care Problem also faults government welfare policies—which treat child care subsidies mainly as a means to increase employment of mothers, but set no standards regarding the quality of child care their subsidies can purchase. Blau trains an economic lens on research by child psychologists, evaluating the evidence that the day care environment has a genuine impact on early development. The failure of families and government to place a priority on improving such critical conditions for their children provides a compelling reason to advocate change. The Child Care Problem concludes with a balanced proposal for reform. Blau outlines a systematic effort to provide families of all incomes with the information they need to make more prudent decisions. And he suggests specific revisions to welfare policy, including both an allowance to defray the expenses of families with children, and a child care voucher that is worth more when used for higher quality care. The Child Care Problem provides a straightforward evaluation of the many contradictory claims about the problems with child care, and lays out a reasoned blueprint for reform which will help guide both social scientists and non-academics alike toward improving the quality of child care in this country.
Author : Freis & Miller & Associates
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (477 download)
Download or read book The Economic Impact of Subsidized Child Care written by Freis & Miller & Associates and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kay E. Brown
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437933106
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book Child Care written by Kay E. Brown and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Congress considers reauthorization of the laws which provide funding for the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), there is interest in understanding what accounts for recent trends in child care subsidy receipt among eligible families and what research says about subsidies¿ effects on parents¿ ability to obtain and maintain employment. This report examined: (1) trends in federal estimates of the number and proportion of eligible children and families who receive child care subsidies; (2) factors that may affect trends in estimates of the number of children served; and (3) what is known about the extent to which access to subsidies supports low-income parents¿ employment. Charts and tables.
Author : David M. Blau
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440609
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Economics of Child Care written by David M. Blau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1991-09-19 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "David Blau has chosen seven economists to write chapters that review the emerging economic literature on the supply of child care, parental demand for care, child care cost and quality, and to discuss the implications of these analyses for public policy. The book succeeds in presenting that research in understandable terms to policy makers and serves economists as a useful review of the child care literature....provides an excellent case study of the value of economic analysis of public policy issues." —Arleen Leibowitz, Journal of Economic Literature "There is no doubt this is a timely book....The authors of this volume have succeeded in presenting the economic material in a nontechnical manner that makes this book an excellent introduction to the role of economics in public policy analysis, and specifically child care policy....the most comprehensive introduction currently available." —Cori Rattelman, Industrial and Labor Relations Review
Author : Gordon Cleveland
Publisher : Childcare Resource & Research Unit, University of Toronto
ISBN 13 : 9781896051031
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (51 download)
Download or read book The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care written by Gordon Cleveland and published by Childcare Resource & Research Unit, University of Toronto. This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details an assessment of the economic impact of a major investment of public money in good quality child care for Canadian children 2 to 5 years of age. Chapter 1 provides an extended discussion of the background and techniques of economic analysis used to make judgments about the economic benefits and costs of child care. Chapter 2 reviews evidence concerning the developmental and educational impacts of child care on young children. Chapter 3 presents and analyzes evidence concerning the economic impacts of child care on mothers' participation in the labor force in particular, and on family life in general. Chapter 4 considers the economy-wide employment effects and the macroeconomic effects of potential child care programs. Chapter 5 calculates, using a variety of approximation techniques, the value of the benefits and the costs of a program of high quality child care for all preschoolers. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions, which note that the incremental benefits of the identified changes to child care arrangements in Canada amount to approximately two dollars for every dollar of cost to the public purse. The report argues that society has the responsibility to care for preschool and school-age children, and to provide parental leave from work. Appendices include, "Problems with Studies on Child Development" and "Methodology of Costs and Benefits Calculation." (Contains approximately 200 references.) (KB)
Author : Chris M. Herbst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (657 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Child Care Subsidies on Child Well-Being written by Chris M. Herbst and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, child care subsidies have become an integral part of federal and state efforts to move economically disadvantaged parents from welfare to work. Although previous empirical studies consistently show that these employment-related subsidies raise work levels among this group, little is known about the impact of subsidy receipt on child well-being. In this paper, we identify the causal effect of child care subsidies on child development by exploiting geographic variation in the distance that families must travel from home in order to reach the nearest social service agency that administers the subsidy application process. Using data from the Kindergarten cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, our instrumental variables estimates suggest that children receiving subsidized care in the year before kindergarten score lower on tests of cognitive ability and reveal more behavior problems throughout kindergarten. However, these negative effects largely disappear by the time children reach the end of third grade. Our results point to an unintended consequence of a child care subsidy regime that conditions eligibility on parental employment and deemphasizes child care quality.
Author : Bradley Hardy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book The Economic Impact of Child Care Subsidies for Kentucky. Policy Insights. Occasional Policy Brief #3 written by Bradley Hardy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For parents of young children the decision to work strongly depends on the availability of affordable child care. Child care costs can take up a large portion of a family budget and may serve as an obstacle to work. In 2008 the National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies (NACCRRA) estimated that Kentucky families recently faced annual infant child care costs of $6,240 for full-time center care and $4,956 for school age children during non-school hours. These costs represent 20 to 25 percent of an average single mother's annual income and rival the tuition costs of attending a 4-year college or university. In this policy brief, the authors describe the federal and state programs that address child care and discuss recent economic research on the links between parental employment and child care. In addition, they forecast the employment effects and costs of a child care subsidy in Kentucky. (Contains 5 tables and 11 footnotes.) [This policy brief is based on the University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research (UKCPR) technical report "Child Care Subsidies and the Economic Well-Being of Recipient Families: A Survey and Implications for Kentucky."].
Author : Yoonsuck Ha
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book The Role of Child Care Subsidies in the Economic Well-being of Low-income Families written by Yoonsuck Ha and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chris M. Herbst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (773 download)
Download or read book Child Care Subsidies, Maternal Well-Being, and Child-Parent Interactions written by Chris M. Herbst and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete account of the U.S. child care subsidy system requires an understanding of its implications for both parental and child well-being. Although the effects of child care subsidies on maternal employment and child development have been recently studied, many other dimensions of family well-being have received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining the impact of child care subsidy receipt on maternal health and the quality of child-parent interactions. The empirical analyses use data from three nationally representative surveys, providing access to numerous measures of family well-being. In addition, we attempt to handle the possibility of non-random selection into subsidy receipt by using several identification strategies both within and across the surveys. Our results consistently indicate that child care subsidies are associated with worse maternal health and poorer interactions between parents and their children. In particular, subsidized mothers report lower levels of overall health and are more likely to show symptoms consistent with anxiety, depression, and parenting stress. Such mothers also reveal more psychological and physical aggression toward their children and are more likely to utilize spanking as a disciplinary tool. Together, these findings suggest that work-based public policies aimed at economically disadvantaged mothers may ultimately undermine family well-being.
Author : Dan S. Rickman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book A Regional Comparative Static CGE Analysis of Subsidized Child Care written by Dan S. Rickman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns with the equity of societal income distribution typically underpin the provision of government subsidies to low-income households, in which such subsidies are commonly believed to reduce economic growth. Using a regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this study examines the equity and growth aspects of subsidizing formal child care services for low-income households at the state level. The results suggest that state government subsidization of formal child care services does not necessarily reduce the level of economic activity, even when accounting for negative growth effects of tax increases required to finance the subsidies. The CGE model also reveals economic impacts on households and industry sectors not directly affected by the subsidies, impacts that would be omitted from a partial equilibrium microeconometric appraisal.
Author : F. J. H. Don
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Forecasting in Macroeconomics written by F. J. H. Don and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : UK Center for Poverty Research
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Child Care Subsidies and the Economic Well-Being of Recipient Families written by UK Center for Poverty Research and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The secular increase over the past several decades in the number of families where both the husband and wife work in the paid labor force, coupled with the surge in labor force participation of single mothers in the 1990s, has heightened policy focus on child care options for working parents; federal and state governments are now major players in the provision of child care in the United States. The purpose of this report is to provide a selective survey of the literature on the economic consequences of child care for recipient families, and to relate the results to families residing in Kentucky using data from the Annual Social and Economic Study in the Current Population Survey. The survey is selective both because of its exclusive focus on child care research by economists and because the literature is vast even within economics such that only articles deemed to be important contributions to the labor supply and child care literature are included. The literature review reveals that in the domain of child care the economics profession has focused primarily on the labor-market consequences of child care subsidies, particularly the effect of subsidies on the decision to work, on total hours of work conditional on being employed, on hourly wages, and on whether to use formal child care. There is less extensive evidence on the effects of child care subsidies on welfare participation, on school attendance, and job satisfaction, and no direct evidence on the issue of the anti-poverty effectiveness of child care subsidies. Most of the papers reviewed contain estimated elasticities of employment with respect to the price of child care, indicating labor-market participation responsiveness to any given change in the price of child care. (Contains 11 footnotes and 5 tables.) [Additional financial support for this report was provided by the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services.].
Author : Casper van Ewijk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Efficient Progressive Taxes and Education Subsidies written by Casper van Ewijk and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309483980
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Author : Chris M. Herbst
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (299 download)
Download or read book Child Care Subsidies and Child Development written by Chris M. Herbst and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child care subsidies are an important part of federal and state efforts to move welfare recipients into employment. One of the criticisms of the current subsidy system, however, is that it overemphasizes work and does little to encourage parents to purchase high-quality child care. Consequently, there are reasons to be concerned about the implications of child care subsidies for child development. In this paper, we provide a systematic assessment of the impact of subsidy receipt on a wide range of child outcomes. Drawing on rich data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, we document a negative relationship between child care subsidies and child development. In particular, our results suggest that subsidy receipt in the year before kindergarten lowers reading and math test scores and increases a variety of behavior problems at kindergarten entry. Some of these negative effects persist to the end of kindergarten. A tentative explanation for the poorer outcomes is that subsidized children are more likely to receive intense exposure to low-quality child care.
Author : Kay E. Brown
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Child Care written by Kay E. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Congress considers reauthorization of the laws which provide funding for the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), there is interest in understanding what accounts for recent trends in child care subsidy receipt among eligible families and what research says about subsidies' effects on parents' ability to obtain and maintain employment. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) administers CCDF, but states have flexibility in its implementation. As requested, GAO examined: (1) trends in federal estimates of the number and proportion of eligible children and families who receive child care subsidies, (2) factors that may affect trends in estimates of the number of children served, and (3) what is known about the extent to which access to subsidies supports low-income parents' employment. To address these issues, GAO reviewed recent federal estimates of the number and proportion of eligible children and families served; conducted a survey of state child care administrators in 50 states and the District of Columbia; interviewed HHS officials, state officials in four selected states, and researchers and experts in child care subsidies; and reviewed research on the relationship between subsidy receipt and employment outcomes. GAO is not making recommendations in this report. HHS generally agreed with the report and provided technical comments, which GAO incorporated as appropriate. Five appendices are included: (1) Objectives, Scope and Methodology; (2) Data Reliability Assessment for CCDF Administrative Data and Child Care Subsidy Coverage Rates; (3) Studies Examining the Effect of Child Care Subsidies on Employment Outcomes; (4) Comments from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; and (5) GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments. (Contains 2 tables, 14 figures and 46 footnotes.).
