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Analytic Culture In The U S Intelligence Community
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Book Synopsis Analytic Culture in the United States Intelligence Community by : Rob Johnston
Download or read book Analytic Culture in the United States Intelligence Community written by Rob Johnston and published by Central Intelligence Agency. This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifies and describes conditions and variables that negatively affect intelligence analysis. Investigates analytic culture, methodology, error, and failure within the Intelligence Community. Uses an applied anthropological methodology that includes interviews, direct and participant observation, and focus groups. Contains a bibliography.
Book Synopsis Analytic Culture in the U.S. Intelligence Community by : Center for the Study of Intelligence
Download or read book Analytic Culture in the U.S. Intelligence Community written by Center for the Study of Intelligence and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Foreword: It is a rare season when the intelligence story in the news concerns intelligence analysis, not secret operations abroad. The United States is having such a season as it debates whether intelligence failed in the run-up to both September 11 and the second Iraq war, and so Rob Johnston's wonderful book is perfectly timed to provide the back-story to those headlines. The CIA's Center for the Study of Intelligence is to be commended for having the good sense to find Johnston and the courage to support his work, even though his conclusions are not what many in the world of intelligence analysis would like to hear. He reaches those conclusions through the careful procedures of an anthropologist-conducting literally hundreds of interviews and observing and participating in dozens of work groups in intelligence analysis-and so they cannot easily be dismissed as mere opinion, still less as the bitter mutterings of those who have lost out in the bureaucratic wars. His findings constitute not just a strong indictment of the way American intelligence performs analysis, but also, and happily, a guide for how to do better. Johnston finds no baseline standard analytic method. Instead, the most common practice is to conduct limited brainstorming on the basis of previous analysis, thus producing a bias toward confirming earlier views. The validating of data is questionable-for instance, the Directorate of Operations' (DO) "cleaning" of spy reports doesn't permit testing of their validity-reinforcing the tendency to look for data that confirms, not refutes, prevailing hypotheses. The process is risk averse, with considerable managerial conservatism. There is much more emphasis on avoiding error than on imagining surprises. The analytic process is driven by current intelligence, especially the CIA's crown jewel analytic product, the President's Daily Brief (PDB), which might be caricatured as "CNN plus secrets." Johnston doesn't put it quite that way, but the Intelligence Community does more reporting than in-depth analysis. None of the analytic agencies knows much about the analytic techniques of the others. In all, there tends to be much more emphasis on writing and communication skills than on analytic methods. Training is driven more by the druthers of individual analysts than by any strategic view of the agencies and what they need. Most training is on-the-job. Johnston identifies the needs for analysis of at least three different types of consumers-cops, spies, and soldiers. The needs of those consumers produce at least three distinct types of intelligence-investigative or operational, strategic, and tactical. The research suggests the need for serious study of analytic methods across all three, guided by professional methodologists. Analysts should have many more opportunities to do fieldwork abroad. They should also move much more often across the agency "stovepipes" they now inhabit. These movements would give them a richer sense for how other agencies do analysis. CHAPTER ONE - Definitions * CHAPTER TWO - Findings * CHAPTER THREE - A Taxonomy of Intelligence Variables * CHAPTER FOUR - Testing the Intelligence Cycle Through Systems Modeling and Simulation * CHAPTER FIVE - Integrating Methodologists into Teams of Experts * CHAPTER SIX - The Question of Foreign Cultures: Combating Ethnocentrism in Intelligence Analysis * CHAPTER SEVEN - Instructional Technology: Effectiveness and Implications for the Intelligence Community * CHAPTER EIGHT - Organizational Culture: Anticipatory Socialization and Intelligence Analysts * CHAPTER NINE - Recommendations: The First Step: Recognizing A Fundamental Problem * CHAPTER TEN - Survey Methodology * CHAPTER ELEVEN - Q-Sort Methodology * CHAPTER TWELVE - The "File-Drawer" Problem and Calculation of Effect Size
Book Synopsis ANALYTIC CULTURE IN THE US INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY by : ROB. JOHNSTON
Download or read book ANALYTIC CULTURE IN THE US INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY written by ROB. JOHNSTON and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytic Culture in the US Intelligence Community by : Rob Johnson
Download or read book Analytic Culture in the US Intelligence Community written by Rob Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johnson, an anthropologist, writes on the basis of an intimate knowledge of the world of intelligence. He conducted hundreds of interviews & observed & participated in dozens of work groups in intelligence analysis. Contents: Research Findings; Ethnography of Analysis: A Taxonomy of Intelligence Variables; & Testing the Intelligence Cycle Through Systems Modeling & Simulation; Areas for Improvement: Integrating Methodologists into Teams of Experts; The Question of Foreign Cultures: Combating Ethnocentrism in Intelligence Analysis; Instructional Technology: Effectiveness & Implications for the Intelligence Community; Organizational Culture: Anticipatory Socialization & Intelligence Analysis; & Recommendations. Bibliography. Illus.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Tradecraft of Intelligence Analysis by : Gregory F. Treverton
Download or read book Assessing the Tradecraft of Intelligence Analysis written by Gregory F. Treverton and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2008 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the tradecraft of intelligence analysis across the main U.S. intelligence agencies, such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency, and recommends improvements. The report makes a number of recommendations for improving analysis for a world of threats very different from that of the Cold War. It focuses on the two essentials of analysis-first, people; second, the tools they have available. The December 2004 intelligence reform legislation set in motion initiatives that move in the right direction. The creation of a Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis will provide a real hub for developing tradecraft and tools and for framing critical tradeoffs. The establishment of a National Intelligence University will provide a focal point for training in analysis. The creation of a National Counterterrorism Center will shift intelligence analysis toward problems or issues, not agencies or sources. The building of a Long Term Analysis Unit at the National Intelligence Council can lead away from the prevailing dominance of current intelligence. And the formation of an Open Source Center can create a seed bed for making more creative use of open-source materials. These specific initiatives are promising but they are just the beginnings. For all the language about the importance of intelligence analysis, data-sharing, fusion, and the like, the national and Intelligence Community leadership today devalues intelligence analysis. A fundamental change is also needed in attitudes and existing organizational cultures.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow by : National Research Council
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intelligence community (IC) plays an essential role in the national security of the United States. Decision makers rely on IC analyses and predictions to reduce uncertainty and to provide warnings about everything from international diplomatic relations to overseas conflicts. In today's complex and rapidly changing world, it is more important than ever that analytic products be accurate and timely. Recognizing that need, the IC has been actively seeking ways to improve its performance and expand its capabilities. In 2008, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to synthesize and assess evidence from the behavioral and social sciences relevant to analytic methods and their potential application for the U.S. intelligence community. In Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences, the NRC offers the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) recommendations to address many of the IC's challenges. Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow asserts that one of the most important things that the IC can learn from the behavioral and social sciences is how to characterize and evaluate its analytic assumptions, methods, technologies, and management practices. Behavioral and social scientific knowledge can help the IC to understand and improve all phases of the analytic cycle: how to recruit, select, train, and motivate analysts; how to master and deploy the most suitable analytic methods; how to organize the day-to-day work of analysts, as individuals and teams; and how to communicate with its customers. The report makes five broad recommendations which offer practical ways to apply the behavioral and social sciences, which will bring the IC substantial immediate and longer-term benefits with modest costs and minimal disruption.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Analysis by : National Research Council
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. intelligence community (IC) is a complex human enterprise whose success depends on how well the people in it perform their work. Although often aided by sophisticated technologies, these people ultimately rely on their own intellect to identify, synthesize, and communicate the information on which the nation's security depends. The IC's success depends on having trained, motivated, and thoughtful people working within organizations able to understand, value, and coordinate their capabilities. Intelligence Analysis provides up-to-date scientific guidance for the intelligence community (IC) so that it might improve individual and group judgments, communication between analysts, and analytic processes. The papers in this volume provide the detailed evidentiary base for the National Research Council's report, Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences. The opening chapter focuses on the structure, missions, operations, and characteristics of the IC while the following 12 papers provide in-depth reviews of key topics in three areas: analytic methods, analysts, and organizations. Informed by the IC's unique missions and constraints, each paper documents the latest advancements of the relevant science and is a stand-alone resource for the IC's leadership and workforce. The collection allows readers to focus on one area of interest (analytic methods, analysts, or organizations) or even one particular aspect of a category. As a collection, the volume provides a broad perspective of the issues involved in making difficult decisions, which is at the heart of intelligence analysis.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Intelligence by : Roger Z. George
Download or read book Analyzing Intelligence written by Roger Z. George and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the individual and collective experience of recognized intelligence experts and scholars in the field, Analyzing Intelligence provides the first comprehensive assessment of the state of intelligence analysis since 9/11. Its in-depth and balanced evaluation of more than fifty years of U.S. analysis includes a critique of why it has under-performed at times. It provides insights regarding the enduring obstacles as well as new challenges of analysis in the post-9/11 world, and suggests innovative ideas for improved analytical methods, training, and structured approaches. The book's six sections present a coherent plan for improving analysis. Early chapters examine how intelligence analysis has evolved since its origins in the mid-20th century, focusing on traditions, culture, successes, and failures. The middle sections examine how analysis supports the most senior national security and military policymakers and strategists, and how analysts must deal with the perennial challenges of collection, politicization, analytical bias, knowledge building and denial and deception. The final sections of the book propose new ways to address enduring issues in warning analysis, methodology (or "analytical tradecraft") and emerging analytic issues like homeland defense. The book suggests new forms of analytic collaboration in a global intelligence environment, and imperatives for the development of a new profession of intelligence analysis. Analyzing Intelligence is written for the national security expert who needs to understand the role of intelligence and its strengths and weaknesses. Practicing and future analysts will also find that its attention to the enduring challenges provides useful lessons-learned to guide their own efforts. The innovations section will provoke senior intelligence managers to consider major changes in the way analysis is currently organized and conducted, and the way that analysts are trained and perform.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Analysis by : Robert M. Clark
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis written by Robert M. Clark and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert M. Clark explains that a collaborative, target-centric approach allows for more effective analysis, while better meeting customer needs.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Intelligence by : Roger Z. George
Download or read book Analyzing Intelligence written by Roger Z. George and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing Intelligence, now in a revised and extensively updated second edition, assesses the state of the profession of intelligence analysis from the practitioner's point of view. The contributors—most of whom have held senior positions in the US intelligence community—review the evolution of the field, the rise of new challenges, pitfalls in analysis, and the lessons from new training and techniques designed to deal with 21st century national security problems. This second edition updates this indispensable book with new chapters that highlight advances in applying more analytic rigor to analysis, along with expertise-building, training, and professional development. New chapters by practitioners broaden the original volume’s discussion of the analyst-policymaker relationship by addressing analytic support to the military customer as well as by demonstrating how structured analysis can benefit military commanders on the battlefield. Analyzing Intelligence is written for national security practitioners such as producers and users of intelligence, as well as for scholars and students seeking to understand the nature and role of intelligence analysis, its strengths and weaknesses, and steps that can improve it and lead it to a more recognizable profession. The most comprehensive and up-to-date volume on professional intelligence analysis as practiced in the US Government, Analyzing Intelligence is essential reading for practitioners and users of intelligence analysis, as well as for students and scholars in security studies and related fields.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309456525 Total Pages :93 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Social and Behavioral Sciences for National Security by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Social and Behavioral Sciences for National Security written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-06-12 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the coming years, complex domestic and international environments and challenges to national security will continue. Intelligence analysts and the intelligence community will need access to the appropriate tools and developing knowledge about threats to national security in order to provide the best information to policy makers. Research and knowledge from the social and behavioral sciences (SBS) can help inform the work of intelligence analysis; however, in the past, bringing important findings from research to bear on the day-to-day work of intelligence analysis has been difficult. In order to understand how knowledge from science can be directed and applied to help the intelligence community fulfill its critical responsibilities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will undertake a 2-year survey of the social and behavioral sciences. To launch this discussion, a summit designed to highlight cutting-edge research and identify future directions for research in a few areas of the social and behavioral sciences was held in October 2016. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the summit.
Book Synopsis CIA Sherman Kent Center for Intelligence Analysis Papers - Practice of Analytic Tradecraft in the Directorate of Intelligence, Transnational Threats, Profession of Intelligence Analysis by : Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Download or read book CIA Sherman Kent Center for Intelligence Analysis Papers - Practice of Analytic Tradecraft in the Directorate of Intelligence, Transnational Threats, Profession of Intelligence Analysis written by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is intended to help the Kent Center fulfill its mission of promoting the practice of analytic tradecraft in the Directorate of Intelligence, and of furthering a greater understanding of intelligence analysis in the wider communities in which it is practiced, studied, or taught. These unclassified Occasional Papers are disseminated externally, as appropriate, in addition to being used in courses at the Sherman Kent School, CIA University, and elsewhere in the Intelligence Community.The Kent Center is confident that intelligence analysts now and in the future will benefit from the lessons and insights that contributors to Occasional Papers provide. It is hoped that they will prove to be a valuable addition to the practical literature on intelligence analysis.Contents: Volume 1, Number 1: Improving CIA Analytic Performance: Strategic Warning * Volume 1, Number 2: Improving CIA Analytic Performance: Analysts and the Policymaking Process * Volume 1, Number 3: Improving CIA Analytic Performance: DI Analytic Priorities * Volume 1, Number 4: When Everything Is Intelligence - Nothing Is Intelligence * Volume 1, Number 5: Sherman Kent and the Profession of Intelligence Analysis * Volume 2, Number 1: Strategic Warning: If Surprise is Inevitable, What Role for Analysis? * Volume 2, Number 2: Tensions in Analyst-Policymaker Relations: Opinions, Facts, and Evidence * Volume 2, Number 3: Sherman Kent's Final Thoughts on Analyst-Policymaker Relations * Volume 3, Number 1: Making Sense of Transnational Threats * Volume 3, Number 2: Rethinking "Alternative Analysis" to Address Transnational Threats.Sample: Analytic Tradecraft for Managing Substantive Uncertainty - The failure to provide strategic warning during the months prior to Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait generated recommendations for revamping warning analysis by DDI Doug MacEachin (1993-1995) that spurred changes in the DI's analytic approach to substantive uncertainty generally. The DDI observed that the bottom-line judgment that Iraq was unlikely to initiate warfare in the near term, issued repeatedly in the year before the assault on Kuwait, was based on the assumption that Iraq needed several years to recover from the military and economic devastation of its long war with Iran. That assumption was so widely held by analysts that it was rarely examined critically. Nor was the heavy dependence of the no-war conclusion on the recovery-first assumption explicitly recognized.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Analysis Fundamentals by : Godfrey Garner
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis Fundamentals written by Godfrey Garner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a limited number of intelligence analysis books available on the market. Intelligence Analysis Fundamentals is an introductory, accessible text for college level undergraduate and graduate level courses. While the principles outlined in the book largely follow military intelligence terminology and practice, concepts are presented to correlate with intelligence gathering and analysis performed in law enforcement, homeland security, and corporate and business security roles. Most of the existing texts on intelligence gathering and analysis focus on specific types of intelligence such as ‘target centric’ intelligence, and many of these, detail information from a position of prior knowledge. In other words, they are most valuable to the consumer who has a working-level knowledge of the subject. The book is general enough in nature that a lay student—interested in pursuing a career in intelligence, Homeland Security, or other related areas of law enforcement—will benefit from it. No prior knowledge of intelligence analysis, functions, or operations is assumed. Chapters illustrate methods and techniques that, over the years, have consistently demonstrate results, superior to those achieved with other means. Chapters describe such analytical methods that are most widely used in the intelligence community and serve as recognized standards and benchmarks in the practice of intelligence analysis. All techniques have been selected for inclusion for their specific application to homeland security, criminal investigations, and intelligence operations. Uses numerous hands-on activities—that can easily be modified by instructors to be more or less challenging depending on the course level—to reinforce concepts As current and active members of the intelligence community, the authors draw on their decades of experience in intelligence to offer real-world examples to illustrate concepts All methodologies reflect the latest trends in the intelligence communities assessment, analysis, and reporting processes with all presented being open source, non-classified information As such, the non-sensitive information presented is appropriate—and methods applicable—for use for education and training overseas and internationally Military-style collection and analysis methods are the primary ones presented, but all are directly correlated intelligence to current concepts, functions and practices within Homeland Security and the law communities Covers the counterterrorism environment where joint operations and investigative efforts combine military, private sector, and law enforcement action and information sharing The book will be a welcome addition to the body of literature available and a widely used reference for professionals and students alike.
Book Synopsis 21st Century Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Intelligence Papers by : Jeffrey R. Cooper
Download or read book 21st Century Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Intelligence Papers written by Jeffrey R. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the introduction: This study was prompted by a growing conviction - shared by others, to be sure - that improving the analytic products delivered by Intelligence Community components had to begin with a critical and thorough appraisal of the way those products are created... The Analytic Pathologies framework yields four insights that are crucial both to accurate diagnosis and to developing effective remedies. First, the framework enables analysts to identify individual analytic impediments and determine their sources. Second, it prompts analysts to detect the systemic pathologies that result from closely-coupled networks and to find the linkages among the individual impediments. Third, it demonstrates that each of these networks, and thus each systemic pathology, usually spans multiple levels within the hierarchy of the Intelligence Community. Fourth, the framework highlights the need to treat both the systemic pathologies and the individual impediments by focusing effective remedial measures on the right target and at the appropriate level. From the foreword: The scope of this monograph, like that of the analytic profession, is broad and deep, from support to military operations to divining the inherently unknowable future of mysterious phenomena, like the political prospects of important countries. Jeff Cooper's study, as befits the work of one who has long been an acute observer of the Intelligence Community and its work, is packed with critiques, observations, and judgments. It would be even more satisfying if the study could be further illuminated by clinical case studies of failures and successes. This unique paper was produced by the Center for the Study of Intelligence. CSI was founded in 1974 in response to Director of Central Intelligence James Schlesinger's desire to create within CIA an organization that could "think through the functions of intelligence and bring the best intellects available to bear on intelligence problems." The Center, comprising professional historians and experienced practitioners, attempts to document lessons from past operations, explore the needs and expectations of intelligence consumers, and stimulate serious debate on current and future intelligence challenges. To support these activities, CSI publishes Studies in Intelligence, as well as books and monographs addressing historical, operational, doctrinal, and theoretical aspects of the intelligence profession. It also administers the CIA Museum and maintains the Agency's Historical Intelligence Collection.
Author :Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community Publisher :DIANE Publishing ISBN 13 :0788131796 Total Pages :256 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (881 download)
Book Synopsis Preparing for the 21st Century by : Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community
Download or read book Preparing for the 21st Century written by Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of U.S. Intelligence. The result of a 12 month study; testimony was taken from 84 witnesses and an additional 200 people were interviewed. Covers: the role of intelligence; the need for policy guidelines; the need for a coordinated response to global crime; the CIA; improving intelligence analysis; military intelligence; space reconnaissance and the management of technical collection; international cooperation; cost of intelligence; accountability and oversight, and more. Evolution of the U.S. intelligence community, an historical overview.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309487617 Total Pages :401 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book A Decadal Survey of the Social and Behavioral Sciences written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary function of the intelligence analyst is to make sense of information about the world, but the way analysts do that work will look profoundly different a decade from now. Technological changes will bring both new advances in conducting analysis and new risks related to technologically based activities and communications around the world. Because these changes are virtually inevitable, the Intelligence Community will need to make sustained collaboration with researchers in the social and behavioral sciences (SBS) a key priority if it is to adapt to these changes in the most productive ways. A Decadal Survey Of The Social and Behavioral Sciences provides guidance for a 10-year research agenda. This report identifies key opportunities in SBS research for strengthening intelligence analysis and offers ideas for integrating the knowledge and perspectives of researchers from these fields into the planning and design of efforts to support intelligence analysis.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Analysis in Theater Joint Intelligence Centers by : Robert D. Folker
Download or read book Intelligence Analysis in Theater Joint Intelligence Centers written by Robert D. Folker and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing number of JMIC students have began to incorporate replicable research design into their theses. This distillation of Master Sergeant Folker's theses shows how fruitful this approach can be. By taking advantage of on-site research funds available from the College, he managed, in brief visits to four Unified Command Joint Intelligence Centers, to carry out a controlled experiment to measure the impact of analyst familiarity with and use of one structured analytic technique hypothesis testing. His findings, if corroborated by follow-on studies, could have a substantial impact on Intelligence Community analytical practices, and even some influence on how senior policy officials react to analytical products. Managers of analytical personnel might also note that structured methods would appear, from this study of non-specialized joint intelligence center analysts, to be useful to specialized analysts who may be required to move beyond their areas of deep expertise to cover new or unfamiliar assignments.
