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Analysis Of Parameters Of Rocket Triggered Lightning Measured During The 1999 And 2000 Camp Blanding Experiment And Modeling Of Electric And Magnetic Field Derivatives Using The Transmission Line Model
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Book Synopsis Analysis of Parameters of Rocket-triggered Lightning Measured During the 1999 and 2000 Camp Blanding Experiment and Modeling of Electric and Magnetic Field Derivatives Using the Transmission Line Model by : Jens Schoene
Download or read book Analysis of Parameters of Rocket-triggered Lightning Measured During the 1999 and 2000 Camp Blanding Experiment and Modeling of Electric and Magnetic Field Derivatives Using the Transmission Line Model written by Jens Schoene and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT (cont.): It is shown that, if the transmission line model is applicable at early times in the triggered lightning return stroke process, the electric and magnetic radiation field components become the largest components beyond distances of about 15 m but are not dominant for distances less than 100 m. The experimental data presented indicate that measured dE/dt, dB/dt, and dI/dt waveshapes are very similar for the first 150 ns or so after the initiation of the return stroke. It is shown that, based on transmission line modeling, the waveshapes of the dE/dt and dB/dt rising edges are relatively invariant for a return stroke speed v greater than or equal to 2*10 to the 8th power m/s and, further, that the total waveshapes are exactly the same for v = c. Additionally, it is shown that the dE/dt and dB/dt waveshapes do not depend much on channel inclination from the vertical, for inclinations less than 20 degrees and return stroke speeds higher than 10 to the 8th power m/s. The TLM models the electric field derivatives well when the observed inclined channel with its base at the strike rod base or a slightly shifted channel origin is assumed.
Book Synopsis Triggered-lightning Properties Inferred from Measured Currents and Very Close Magnetic Fields by : Ashwin B. Jhavar
Download or read book Triggered-lightning Properties Inferred from Measured Currents and Very Close Magnetic Fields written by Ashwin B. Jhavar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Very close magnetic fields produced by rocket-triggered lightning measured in 1997, 1999, 2000, and 2001 at Camp Blanding, Florida, are examined. The leader and return stroke contributions to the total magnetic field are estimated and used to infer leader and return-stroke currents. The statistical characteristics of these inferred currents are examined. The return-stroke currents inferred from measured magnetic fields are compared with directly measured ones. Leader currents inferred from measured magnetic fields are compared with those estimated using dE/dt measurements. The statistics of the ratio of leader to return stroke currents are compiled. Current estimates from measured magnetic fields are in reasonable agreement with independent measurements and theoretical predictions found in the literature.
Book Synopsis Lightning Electromagnetics by : Robert Gardner
Download or read book Lightning Electromagnetics written by Robert Gardner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of theoretical and experimental research, this book covers all areas of lightning phenomenology. The four sections cover models of fundamental lightning processes, propagation of lightning-induced signals, measurement of lightning parameters, and lightning interaction with systems. The book provides an excellent review of the use of models to support remote sensing efforts. It includes data on high-frequency radiated fields for lightening and an overview of the data available in the frequency and time domains for lightning. The book also presents spectoral and temporal characteristics of lightning in the VHF-UHF frequency range and uses photographic and electromagnetic measurements to examine how lighting chooses a strike point.
Book Synopsis Lightning Propagation and Ground Attachment Processes from Multiple-station Electric Field and X-ray Measurements by : Joseph Sean Howard
Download or read book Lightning Propagation and Ground Attachment Processes from Multiple-station Electric Field and X-ray Measurements written by Joseph Sean Howard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The Multiple Station Experiment/Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (MSE/TERA) network operating at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing in Camp Blanding, FL has been used to examine the close RF electric and magnetic field and X-ray environment of cloud-to-ground lightning over a period from 2005 to 2007. Data were obtained for 18 natural and 9 rocket-triggered flashes that are thought to have terminated within or very near the network. The experimental system consisted of electric field sensors (bandwidth of 0.2 Hz to 3 MHz), magnetic field sensors (10 Hz to 3 MHz), dE/dt sensors (DC to 25 MHz), and Xray sensors (primary type had rise and fall times of 0.17 microseconds and 0.9 microseconds, respectively) spread around an area of about 0.5 km2, with the exact number of sensors varying from year to year. For rocket-triggered flashes, the channel-base-current was also measured (DC to 8 MHz). A subset of these measurements, consisting of eight dE/dt sensors and eight X-ray sensors, provided the network with time-of-arrival (TOA) location capabilities. This TOA network, which is the focal point of the present analyses, was used to investigate the spatial and temporal relationship between leader X-ray sources and electric-field-change sources as well as the role of post-leader processes in the production of X rays. The dE/dt portion of the TOA system was also 16 used to track and identify low-altitude processes occurring during the leader phase, attachment process, and return stroke with a higher degree of accuracy than previously possible with similar systems. A comparison of the collected waveforms, combined with these source locations, is used to obtain new insights into some of the more perplexing aspects of lightning, such as the step-formation process, leader propagation near ground, and the attachment process.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Lightning by : Vernon Cooray
Download or read book An Introduction to Lightning written by Vernon Cooray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book about lightning summarizes the essence of physics and effects of lightning in a non-technical manner and provides an up-to-date description of the phenomenon of lightning in simple language. Starting with the myths related to lightning, the reader is introduced to the mechanism of lightning flashes and their interactions with humans, human-made systems and Earth’s environment. Most of the available books on lightning are written for the experts in the field and there is a need for a book that introduces the undergraduate and beginning post graduate students to the subject of lightning and prepares them for more advanced books meant for the experts. This introductory book, which is based on a series of lectures given to undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering, is intended to fill this need. Tailored to the needs of university students who plan to study electrical engineering, meteorology, environmental or basic physics, it is also a valuable reference resource for laymen who are interested in knowing more on this phenomenon.
Download or read book Lightning written by Chandima Gomes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the essential theoretical and practical aspects of lightning, lightning protection, safety and education. Additionally, several auxiliary topics that are required to understand the core themes are also included. The main objective of the contents is to enlighten the scientists, researchers, engineers and social activists (including policy makers) in developing countries regarding the key information related to lightning and thunderstorms. A majority of developing countries are in tropics where the lightning characteristics are somewhat different from those in temperate regions. The housing structures and power/communication networks, and human behavioural patterns(that depends on socio-economic parameters) in these countries are also different from those in the developed world. As the existing books on similar themes address only those scenarios in developed countries, this book serves a vast spectrum of readership in developing world who seek knowledge in the principles of lightning and a practical guidance on lightning protection and safety education.
Download or read book Lightning written by Vladimir A. Rakov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 1485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lightning: Physics and Effects is the first book that covers essentially all aspects of lightning, including lightning physics, lightning protection and the interaction of lightning with a variety of objects and systems as well as with the environment. It is written in a style that will be accessible to the technical non-expert and is addressed to anyone interested in lightning and its effects. This will include physicists, engineers working in the power, communications, computer and aviation industries, meteorologists, atmospheric chemists, foresters, ecologists, physicians working in the area of electrical trauma and architects. This comprehensive reference volume contains over 300 illustrations, 70 tables containing quantitative information and a bibliography of more than 6000 references.
Book Synopsis The Lightning Flash by : Vernon Cooray
Download or read book The Lightning Flash written by Vernon Cooray and published by IET. This book was released on 2003 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides the reader with a thorough background in almost every aspect of lightning and its impact on electrical and electronic equipment. The contents range from basic discharge processes in air through transient electromagnetic field generation and interaction with overhead lines and underground cables, to lightning protection and testing techniques. This book is of value to anyone designing, installing or commissioning equipment which needs to be secured against lightning strikes, as well as being a sound introduction to research students working in the field.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Effects of Triggered Lightning by : C. B. Moore
Download or read book A Study of the Effects of Triggered Lightning written by C. B. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characteristics of lightning, artificially induced by wire-trailing rockets were measured in a cooperative program involving investigators from France, from the Flight Hazards Branch of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and from New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology. Lightning currents ranging from a few hundred amperes to a peak of 79 kA were measured. The waveforms of the electromagnetic signals produced by the lightning had associated magnetic field variations in excess of 10 T/s with rise times ranging from 40 ns to 1 microsecond. The development of an 11 cm radar was completed for a determination of the interaction between lightning and the surrounding atmosphere. Preliminary data on lightning echoes have now been obtained with it.
Book Synopsis Discharge in Long Air Gaps by : Abderrahmane Beroual
Download or read book Discharge in Long Air Gaps written by Abderrahmane Beroual and published by IOP Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Discharge in Long Air Gaps' presents self-consistent predictive dynamic models of positive and negative discharges in long air gaps. Equivalent models are also derived to predict lightning parameters based on the similarities between long air gap discharges and lightning flashes. Comparisons between computed and experimental results for various test configurations are presented and discussed.
Book Synopsis Advances in High Voltage Engineering by : A. Haddad
Download or read book Advances in High Voltage Engineering written by A. Haddad and published by IET. This book was released on 2004 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the very latest research and development issues in high voltage technology, specifically covering developments throughout the past decade. It is intended as a reference source for researchers and students in the field, but the unique blend of expert authors and comprehensive subject coverage means that this book is also ideally suited as a reference source for engineers and academics in the field for years to come.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Rocket Triggered Lightning for Research and Development by : Jack R. Lippert
Download or read book Evaluation of Rocket Triggered Lightning for Research and Development written by Jack R. Lippert and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of using rocket-triggered lightning as a research and development tool for testing hardware is investigated. Previous experimental work in the area is examined and used as the foundation for the experiments in this thesis to establish the significant factors of a successful lightning-triggering station. Using a point charge model, computer simulations were performed to determine the most probable locations of the charge centers associated with the triggered discharge. Five electric field records obtained from field mills were used to perform this simulation. A full scale test technique configuration is proposed for subjecting representative Air Force subsystems and components to the lightning threat. A conclusion is drawn that such a system is feasible at Mt. Baldy, New Mexico with minor augmentations of the existing facilities of the Langmuir laboratory. (Author).
Book Synopsis The Creator's Code by : Amy Wilkinson
Download or read book The Creator's Code written by Amy Wilkinson and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Based on in-depth interviews with more than 200 leading entrepreneurs, [including the founders of LinkedIn, Chipotle, eBay, Under Armour, Tesla Motors, SpaceX, Spanx, Airbnb, PayPal, JetBlue, Gilt Group, Theranos, and Dropbox], a business executive and senior fellow at [the Harvard Kennedy School] identifies the six essential disciplines needed to transform your ideas into real-world successes, whether you're an innovative manager or an aspiring entrepreneur"--
Book Synopsis An Analysis and Comparison of Lightning Return Stroke Models at Altitude by : J. M. Cukr
Download or read book An Analysis and Comparison of Lightning Return Stroke Models at Altitude written by J. M. Cukr and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of lightning return stroke models. A brief description of the lightning process and deviations of the equations for calculating the electric and magnetic fields at points on the ground and at points at altitude for an arbitrary current waveform are also presented. The models analyzed are the Bruce-Golde model, Uman's transmission line model (the breakdown pulse current not attenuated), and Uman's model using an attenuating breakdown pulse current. Plots of the electric and magnetic fields that these three model predict for various distances and altitudes and different parameters (rise and fall time of the current) are included. The above three models along with a recently modified version of Lin's model (where the breakdown pulse is attenuated) are then compared with recently acquired lightning return stroke electromagnetic data. The data was obtained simultaneously on the ground and at various altitudes in a WC-130 aircraft in South Florida. Originator-Supplied Keywords include: Lightning Models, Electromagnetic Fields, Analysis and Comparison, and Altitude.
Book Synopsis Observations and Modeling of Processes in Artificially Initiated (triggered) Lightning by : Christopher John Biagi
Download or read book Observations and Modeling of Processes in Artificially Initiated (triggered) Lightning written by Christopher John Biagi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to the primarily optical measurements noted above, inferences are made of the vertical profiles of space charge density and electric field intensity above ground, as well as the line charge density that forms along the extending triggering wire in response to the ambient electric field. These inferences are made by comparing modeling and measurements of the ground-level electric field changes caused by the vertical extension of six grounded lightningtriggering wires that initiated lightning. The sustained upward positive leader inception heights and the ground-level electric field intensity at the wire launch time were linearly correlated with a correlation coefficient of -0.85. The transient current, electric field, and optical signatures produced by the sudden electrical breakdown processes (precursors) that occur at the top of the upward-extending lightning-triggering wires are examined. The lightning-triggering wire and its grounding system are modeled as uniform transmission lines with model predictions that are consistent with the measured wire-base precursor current signatures.
Book Synopsis Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Electromagnetic Fields and Energetic Particles Associated with Thunderstorms and Lightning by : Shahab Arabshahi
Download or read book Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Electromagnetic Fields and Energetic Particles Associated with Thunderstorms and Lightning written by Shahab Arabshahi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite more than 250 years after Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment, lightning is still one of the mysteries of nature. We still do not understand how lightning works at the most basic level. Traditionally, lightning used to be studied using classical electrodynamics. However, in the last decade or so, the observation of many high energy phenomena associated with lightning and thunderclouds (e.g., X-rays from lightning leaders, TGFs, X-ray and gamma-ray glows from thunderstorms, etc.), started a new path in studying lightning and thunderstorms. It is suggested that energetic radiation in our atmosphere is the result of bremsstrahlung scattering of energetic electrons, called "runaway electrons", from air molecules and atoms. There are three main mechanisms for the production and propagation of runaway electrons; thermal (cold) runaway electron production, Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanches (RREAs), and relativistic feedback mechanism. Depending on the voltage difference of the runaway zone and the existence of an energetic seed particle, one of these mechanisms is at work.We have performed theoretical, modeling, and experimental studies of all three runaway electron mechanisms. The Relativistic Runaway Electron Avalanche process seeded by Extensive Air Showers (RREA-EAS) has long been suggested to be responsible for the production of Compact Intracloud Discharges (CIDs). We developed a fluid model based on RREA-EAS and simulated the production of CIDs. We compared our simulation results with observational data from the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, FL and showed that one can find the fields which can produce Narrow Bipolar Pulses, but these fields are not realistic for thunderclouds and the required energy of EAS is too high. Our results do not support the RREA-EAS hypothesis, as it relates to CIDs. A high-energy spectrometer (ARIS-S) for the detection of energetic radiation from leaders in lightning was designed, constructed and deployed at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT). X-ray pulses from rocket-triggered lightning events were collected and the results produced the world's first detailed measurement of X-ray spectrum from lightning. Our analysis showed that the spectrum of X-rays from leaders is much too soft to be consistent with RREA and the cold (thermal) runaway mechanism is a viable candidate for the production mechanism of runaway electrons at leader tips of lightning. Finally, in order to determine the importance of the discharge currents caused by the runaway electrons and the role of relativistic feedback, we successfully designed, developed, and tested a balloon payload for the in situ measurement of energetic electrons and gamma-ray photons from inside thunderstorms including many other environmental measurements (e.g., GPS location, acceleration, orientation, etc.). In 2013 we successfully measured the fair weather background radiation profile as a function of height. The fair weather data agreed well with theoretical predictions. In the summer of 2014 we had five balloon launches with four of them measured gamma-ray glows from thunderstorms and at least one of them entered the runaway electron source region. We also observed two events, on two separate balloon launches, with hour-scale long excess radiation. Furthermore, we analyzed our data in accordance with the Kennedy Space Center Lightning Mapping Array (KSC LMA) data and showed that by combining them we can get a great insight regarding the electric field at the source of the gamma-ray glows and runaway electron avalanches.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Lightning by : Vladimir A. Rakov
Download or read book Fundamentals of Lightning written by Vladimir A. Rakov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-07 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the current state of the art in lightning science, for advanced undergraduate and graduate students on a single-semester course.
