Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Species on the Surface of Atmospheric Aerosol Using Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Species on the Surface of Atmospheric Aerosol Using Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) by : Richard E. Peterson

Download or read book Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Species on the Surface of Atmospheric Aerosol Using Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) written by Richard E. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores the utility of time-of-flight static secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for the analysis of the surface organic layer on individual atmospheric aerosol particles. The surface sensitivity and minimal fragmentation available with TOF-SIMS suggest that it can be a powerful tool for the examination of the organic and inorganic species on the surface of individual particles. Cascade impactors were used to collect aerosol from summer 2000 Montana forest fires, winter snowmobile samples in Yellowstone National Park, Hawaiian lava and sea salt, from an Asian Dust event reaching Salt Lake City, Utah in April 2001 and from Salt Lake Valley summer urban aerosol. TOF-SIMS analysis and multivariate statistical techniques combined gave chemical and morphological information about the particles. Surfaces of the aerosol from forest fires, snowmobile exhaust, and sea salt were all dominated by aliphatic hydrocarbons and their amphiphilic derivatives. Each source showed a different organic chemical signature. The extent and composition of the organics layer which typically covers the surface of atmospheric particles are expected to effect all of the surface related aerosol properties such as health effects, the ability of the particle to activate and form cloud droplets, and the aggregation of particles as well as reactions between the particle and gas phase species.

New Trends and Potentialities of ToF-SIMS in Surface Studies

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Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781600216350
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis New Trends and Potentialities of ToF-SIMS in Surface Studies by : Jacek Grams

Download or read book New Trends and Potentialities of ToF-SIMS in Surface Studies written by Jacek Grams and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest trends and applications of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). It includes research and applications of the new primary ion guns. It also describes new possibilities of mass spectrometers and instrumentation development.

Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642412157
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry by : V. Faye McNeill

Download or read book Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry written by V. Faye McNeill and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian George, Barbara D’Anna, Hartmut Herrmann, Christian Weller, Veronica Vaida, D. J. Donaldson, Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Markus Ammann - Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Lisa Whalley, Daniel Stone, Dwayne Heard - New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling and Quantum Theory. Neil M. Donahue, Allen L. Robinson, Erica R. Trump, Ilona Riipinen, Jesse H. Kroll - Volatility and Aging of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol. P. A. Ariya, G. Kos, R. Mortazavi, E. D. Hudson, V. Kanthasamy, N. Eltouny, J. Sun, C. Wilde - Bio-Organic Materials in the Atmosphere and Snow: Measurement and Characterization. V. Faye McNeill, Neha Sareen, Allison N. Schwier - Surface-Active Organics in Atmospheric Aerosols.

Aerosol Measurement

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118001672
Total Pages : 1497 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Measurement by : Pramod Kulkarni

Download or read book Aerosol Measurement written by Pramod Kulkarni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 1497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.

Application of a Cryo-stage in the TOF-SIMS Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Surfaces

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of a Cryo-stage in the TOF-SIMS Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Surfaces by : Amit Prabhakaran Nair

Download or read book Application of a Cryo-stage in the TOF-SIMS Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Surfaces written by Amit Prabhakaran Nair and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface sensitivity and minimal fragmentation available with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) makes it a powerful tool for the examination of the organic and inorganic species on individual particle surfaces. One concern with the technique is the potential loss of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in the high vacuum environment. Cryo-cooling in the intro chamber enables us to retain semi-volatile compounds including PAHs and alkanes on surfaces for over an hour in the analytical chamber. Samples collected using an eight-stage Graseby-Anderson cascade impactor included aerosols from winter snowmobile emissions inYellowstone National Park and urban aerosol from the Salt LakeValley. Comparison of spectra obtained at ambient temperature with those obtained under cryogenic conditions showa clear loss of both aromatic and aliphatic organic species at ambient temperature.

The Practice of TOF-SIMS

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Publisher : Momentum Press
ISBN 13 : 1606507745
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis The Practice of TOF-SIMS by : Alan M. Spool

Download or read book The Practice of TOF-SIMS written by Alan M. Spool and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, TOF-SIMS, is a highly surface sensitive analytical technique that provides information about composition with submicron lateral resolution. For select materials, TOF-SIMS provides unparalleled sensitivity along with excellent reproducibility, and as a mass spectrometric technique, it also provides excellent specificity. Of the analytical methods available, it is among the most surface sensitive, but the physical principles that underlie it are also the least understood. This volume describes the instrumentation, the physical principles behind the technique to the extent they are understood, and provides a practical approach for the interpretation of TOF-SIMS data. The use of advanced data processing methods such as multivariate statistics are described in a readily approachable manner. Given a basic background in undergraduate chemistry and physics, the book will be of use to any student with an interest in the technique.

Monitoring of Air Pollutants

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444635564
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Monitoring of Air Pollutants by :

Download or read book Monitoring of Air Pollutants written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-29 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of Air Pollutants: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques provides a comprehensive reference on air pollutant monitoring, addressing experimental approaches to sampling and sample preparation, as well as analytical technologies (instrumental methods) which are applicable to a wide range of topics. The book's purpose is to provide an in-depth resource on the monitoring of ambient air pollutants that covers the basic principles, recent developments, and important applications in the field. Current trends and recent advances are discussed, both with respect to analytical techniques and target air pollutants. All aspects of air pollutant monitoring, from sampling, to sample preparation, and analysis, are covered, making this the book of choice for consultation by air monitoring practitioners. - Contains all the information needed for air pollutant monitoring from sampling, to sample preparation, to analysis - Provides guidance on the best analytical approach for a target pollutant - Presents the pros and cons of included techniques to enable informed decisions - Includes case studies based on published practical applications

An Introduction to Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and its Application to Materials Science

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Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681740885
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and its Application to Materials Science by : Sarah Fearn

Download or read book An Introduction to Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and its Application to Materials Science written by Sarah Fearn and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the application of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for high-resolution surface analysis and characterization of materials. While providing a brief overview of the principles of SIMS, it also provides examples of how dual-beam ToF-SIMS is used to investigate a range of materials systems and properties. Over the years, SIMS instrumentation has dramatically changed since the earliest secondary ion mass spectrometers were first developed. Instruments were once dedicated to either the depth profiling of materials using high-ion-beam currents to analyse near surface to bulk regions of materials (dynamic SIMS), or time-of-flight instruments that produced complex mass spectra of the very outer-most surface of samples, using very low-beam currents (static SIMS). Now, with the development of dual-beam instruments these two very distinct fields now overlap.

ToF-SIMS

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 820 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis ToF-SIMS by : John C. Vickerman

Download or read book ToF-SIMS written by John C. Vickerman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroemtry is the most versatile of surface analysis techniques that has been developed. Following an overview, this work includes sections devoted to: instrumentation and sample handling; fundamentals and molecular dynamics simulations; optimisation methods; and data interpretation, and analytical applications.

Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry by : Jeffrey Robert Whiteaker

Download or read book Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes Using Single Particle Mass Spectrometry written by Jeffrey Robert Whiteaker and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry by : Joanna Lee

Download or read book Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry written by Joanna Lee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful technique for the analysis of organic surfaces and interfaces for many innovative technologies. However, despite recent developments, there are still many issues and challenges hindering the robust, validated use of ToF-SIMS for quantitative measurement. These include: the lack of metrology and fundamental understanding for the use of novel cluster primary ion beams such as C60n+ and Ar2000 +; the need for validated and robust measurement protocols for difficult samples, such as those with significant micron scale surface topography; the lack of guidance on novel data analysis methods including multivariate analysis which have the potential to simplify many time-consuming and intensive analyses in industry; and the need to establish best practice to improve the accuracy of measurements. This thesis describes research undertaken to address the above challenges. Sample topography and field effects were evaluated experimentally using model conducting and insulating fibres and compared with computer simulations to provide recommendation to diagnose and reduce the effects. Two popular multivariate methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR), were explored using mixed organic systems consisting of a simple polymer blend and complex hair fibres treated with a multi-component formulation to evaluate different multivariate and data preprocessing methods for the optimal identification, localisation and quantification of the chemical components. Finally, cluster ion beams C60 n+ and ArSOO-2S00 + were evaluated on an inorganic surface and an organic delta layer reference material respectively to elucidate the fundamental metrology of cluster ion sputtering and pave the way for their use in organic depth profiling. These studies provide the essential metrological foundation to address frontier issues in surface and nanoanalysis and extend the measurement capabilities ofToF-SIMS.

A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Felipe Daniel Lopez-Hilfiker

Download or read book A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Felipe Daniel Lopez-Hilfiker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The guiding question to this research is: To what extent and by what mechanisms do biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute to atmospheric aerosol mass? To address this question we need to understand the chemistry that produces condensable vapors which when in the presence of particles may partition onto the aerosol surface depending on their chemical and physical properties. I developed an insitu gas and aerosol sampling system, the FIGAERO (Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsol) to speciate gas and particle phase organics derived from photochemical reactions with biogenic volatile organic compounds under both field and laboratory conditions. By coupling the FIGAERO to a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) I am able to elucidate chemical pathways by identifying elemental compositions and in some cases functional groups present in the detected molecular ions. The coupling of the FIGAERO to the HR-TOF-CIMS also allows the estimation of effective vapor pressures of the aerosol components and this information can be used to improve vapor pressure models and test associated partitioning theories and parameterizations. The approach also provides hundreds of speciated chemical tracers that can be correlated with traditional environmental and chemical measurements (e.g AMS, NOx, SO2, SMPS, VOC) to help derive sources and sinks and to constrain the mechanisms responsible for the formation and growth of organic aerosol. Measurements obtained across a wide range of conditions and locations allowing connections and contrasts between different chemical systems, providing insights into generally controlling factors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its properties.

Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128032251
Total Pages : 3716 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry by :

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 3716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry, Three Volume Set provides authoritative and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of spectroscopy and closely related subjects that use the same fundamental principles, including mass spectrometry, imaging techniques and applications. It includes the history, theoretical background, details of instrumentation and technology, and current applications of the key areas of spectroscopy. The new edition will include over 80 new articles across the field. These will complement those from the previous edition, which have been brought up-to-date to reflect the latest trends in the field. Coverage in the third edition includes: Atomic spectroscopy Electronic spectroscopy Fundamentals in spectroscopy High-Energy spectroscopy Magnetic resonance Mass spectrometry Spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis Vibrational, rotational and Raman spectroscopies The new edition is aimed at professional scientists seeking to familiarize themselves with particular topics quickly and easily. This major reference work continues to be clear and accessible and focus on the fundamental principles, techniques and applications of spectroscopy and spectrometry. Incorporates more than 150 color figures, 5,000 references, and 300 articles for a thorough examination of the field Highlights new research and promotes innovation in applied areas ranging from food science and forensics to biomedicine and health Presents a one-stop resource for quick access to answers and an in-depth examination of topics in the spectroscopy and spectrometry arenas

Advances and Applications of Mass Spectral Techniques for the Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267646781
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (467 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances and Applications of Mass Spectral Techniques for the Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles by : Lindsay Erighn Hatch

Download or read book Advances and Applications of Mass Spectral Techniques for the Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles written by Lindsay Erighn Hatch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and induce significant impacts on human health and climate that depend on their physical and chemical properties, such as size, composition, and mixing state (chemical associations). Measurements of aerosol composition at the single-particle level are necessary to better understand these effects. Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) is able to monitor the size and chemical composition of individual particles in real time. In this doctoral research, ATOFMS analysis was extended to identify new mass spectral markers and improve the potential for quantitative measurements. Development of novel instrumentation was also undertaken. Ion markers indicative of organosulfate compounds were identified in ATOFMS mass spectra collected in Atlanta, GA. In this study, the mixing state and temporal behavior of particulate organosulfate compounds were observed for the first time. Organosulfates were overwhelmingly detected in carbonaceous submicron particles and the temporal trends indicated that they likely formed by the daytime oxidation of isoprene followed by aqueous reaction with sulfate overnight. These results highlight the roles of mixing state and multi-phase reactivity on the formation of secondary organic aerosols. ATOFMS measurements of thermally-conditioned aerosol residuals obtained during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols in Riverside, CA were analyzed to determine the impacts of atmospheric aging on the laser desorption/ionization process. Coatings of secondary species suppressed the ionization efficiency, thereby impacting the mass spectral peak areas; however, a novel analysis method was found to correct these artifacts and produced strong agreement with collocated quantitative instrumentation. This new analysis technique was then applied to investigate the mixing-state dependence of aerosol volatility observed in Riverside. It was observed that particulate nitrate evaporated at different temperatures from different particle types (e.g., organic vs. biomass burning), which may influence the regional transport of nitrate species. ATOFMS provides important insights into size-resolved particle sources; however it heavily fragments most organic species, resulting in loss of the molecular information. Therefore, a novel chemical ionization mass spectrometer was developed to better characterize the molecular organic aerosol constituents. In particular, an ion funnel was incorporated into a home-built proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer. Initial characterization studies and ion simulations indicated that the ion funnel can provide high-efficiency ion transfer from the ionization region to the mass spectrometer. These results demonstrate the potential for this instrument to ultimately achieve highly sensitive analyses of organic aerosols.

Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401004544
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity by : L. Molina

Download or read book Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity written by L. Molina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, experts in atmospheric sciences, human health, economics, social and political sciences contribute to an integrated assessment of the complex elements needed to structure air quality policy in the 21st century. The analysis is developed through a case study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area - one of the world's largest megacities in which air pollution grew unchecked for decades. The international research team is led by Luisa T. and Mario J. Molina, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. Improvements in Mexico City's air quality in the last decade testifies to the power of determined and enlightened policy making, and throws into relief the tough problems that remain to be solved. The volume's first six chapters, including the contributions of over 50 distinguished scholars from Mexico and the US, outline the fundamental areas of knowledge policy makers must accommodate. The message is that only good science and well-chosen technologies can direct the way to corrective regulatory measures; but without strong commitment from government, no amount of science or technology can help.

Characterization of Aerosol Particles Containing Sulfur and Nitrogen Species Using Aerosol Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (ATOFMS)

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Aerosol Particles Containing Sulfur and Nitrogen Species Using Aerosol Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (ATOFMS) by : Kimberly Louise Salt

Download or read book Characterization of Aerosol Particles Containing Sulfur and Nitrogen Species Using Aerosol Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (ATOFMS) written by Kimberly Louise Salt and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Source Profiling and Apportionment of Airborne Particles

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 904 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Source Profiling and Apportionment of Airborne Particles by : Philip Joseph Silva

Download or read book Source Profiling and Apportionment of Airborne Particles written by Philip Joseph Silva and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: