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Author : Andreas Spötter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Candidate Genes for the Improvement of Litter Size in Pigs written by Andreas Spötter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lori Anne Messer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (378 download)
Download or read book Mapping of Candidate Genes for Litter Size in the Pig written by Lori Anne Messer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bernd Buske
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Candidate Genes with Potential Influence on Litter Size in Two Commercial Pig Cross Populations written by Bernd Buske and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Birgitte Theodorus Theresia Maria Rens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789058084323
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Physiological Aspects of Two Candidate Genes for Litter Size in Pigs written by Birgitte Theodorus Theresia Maria Rens and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Regina Carol Linville
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Candidate Gene Analysis for Loci Affecting Reproductive Traits of Swine Selected for Litter Size and Ovulation Rate written by Regina Carol Linville and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bradley J. Isler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (63 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of the Associations Between Several Candidate Genes and Reproductive Traits in Swine written by Bradley J. Isler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Most commonly, improvement of livestock species is accomplished using traditional methods of genetic selection. New discoveries in the field of molecular genetics now allow the isolation and study of specific regions of the genome that influence important traits. Special attention has been focused on those genes that are thought to control the physiological pathways that influence the reproductive ability of our common livestock species. The purpose of this current study was to investigate the effect of several candidate genes on reproductive performance in swine. Candidate genes were selected for investigation based on previous studies that have shown associations between the gene of interest and reproduction in swine (estrogen receptor alpha) or reproduction in other mammalian species (estrogen receptor beta, paternally expressed gene 1, paternally expressed gene 3). A population of Yorkshire, Large White, and reciprocally crossbred female swine were utilized in this study to investigate the associations between each of these candidate genes and a variety of reproductive tract and litter traits. Associations between genotype and reproductive traits were found for all candidate genes studied. The results of this study allow for a greater understanding of the effects of these genes and will allow researchers to determinate how these genes could be most efficiently utilized to improve reproductive performance in swine. Reproduction is used as both a means to propagate animals within a livestock herd and as a way to facilitate genetic improvement of the herd. Unfortunately, the genetic improvement of reproductive traits using classical methods of genetic selection is severely limited, due to the low heritability and sex-limited nature of these traits. Molecular genetics can be used to determine which animals contain reproduction-specific marker regions. These animals can then be selected for inclusion in a marker assisted selection program.
Author : Silvia Clara Hernández Velasco
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Genetics of Litter Size and Prenatal Survival in Pigs written by Silvia Clara Hernández Velasco and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Female reproductive performance is a critical component of sustainable pig production systems. There is abundant evidence of genetic variation in these traits among pig breeds. The aims of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting reproductive traits and to identify and characterise positional candidate gene(s) underlying the QTL. A Large White - Meishan F2 population was scanned for QTL with effects on reproductive traits. This analysis revealed 13 putative QTLs on seven different chromosomes with effects on five different traits: ovulation rate (OR), teat number (TN), prenatal survival (PS), total born alive (TBA) and litter size (LS). QTL for PS and LS on chromosome 8 were fine mapped and Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) confirmed as a candidate gene. A genome-wide association study was performed on a diverse population of different breeds and crosses lines, for reproductive traits including LS, TBA, number of stillborn piglets, and number of mummified piglets. Fourteen SNPs were found significantly associated with reproductive traits. The functional study of SPP1 examined the hypothesis that differences in foetal growth may be associated with the effectiveness of conceptus attachment, as measured by SPP1 expression. Patterns of SPP1 mRNA and protein expression in placental and uterine tissues supplying the smallest and a normal-sized foetus from the same uterus were examined in Large White-Landrace (LW-LR), Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS) females 40 and 45 of pregnancy. The smallest LW-LR foetuses tended to have a higher level of SPP1 mRNA in endometrium tissue compared to the normal-sized foetuses. However, placenta expression was higher in the normal-sized foetuses compared to the smallest ones. SPP1 protein levels in normal sized foetuses were significantly higher than in the smallest litter mates for all the tissues. Significantly higher levels of SPP1 mRNA and protein were found in MS compared to LW. In both breeds, significant differences between sizes were found in some tissues, with similar expression patterns in respect to size, for both mRNA and protein in endometrial tissues when compared to contemporary LW. In placenta, the direction of the expression differed between breeds, with a higher expression of mRNA and protein in the normal-sized MS foetuses and in the smallest sized LW foetuses. The comparison of SPP1 expression between different foetal sizes and different breeds revealed associations between breed, foetal size, and SPP1 protein, factors implicated in PS and LS. These results together with the genetic evidence indicate that the potential role of SPP1 in placental and foetal development merits further investigation.
Author : Zoran Lukovic
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783843371063
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Genetic Parameters for Litter Size in Pigs written by Zoran Lukovic and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Litter size is one of the most important traits in overall reproductive efficiency of breeding sows. The triat has low heritability, is measured only in females and is expressed relatively late. Genetic improvement for litter size is possible due to large enough direct additive genetic variance, the availability of records on many relatives and short generation interval. Litter size is affected by many environmental and genetic factors and interaction between them. The goal of this study was to determine covariance functions for litter size i.e. number of piglets born alive using random regression model. Further, the aim was to compare it with estimates of genetic components obtained by using repeatability and multiple-trait model.
Download or read book Characterization of Follistatin as a Candidate Gene for Litter Size in Pigs written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to characterize follistatin (FOL) as a candidate gene for litter size in pigs. Litter size is a lowly heritable and sex-limited trait; therefore, response to selection may be enhanced by marker-assisted selection. Our approach for characterizing a region of SSC16, which includes FOL, was to utilize the candidate gene approach using type I and type II markers to determine if FOL had an association with the response to selection for increased litter size in the select line. Pigs genotyped were from a line selected for increased number of fully formed (FF) pigs and a contemporary control line. In generation nine, the estimated breeding value for litter size was 0.63 pigs greater in the select line than in the control line (Holl et al., 2003). A RFLP within FOL (n = 251) and the microsatellites, CGT27 (n = 224), S0363 (n=255), S0298 (n=260), and SW1661 (n=253) were genotyped. Effect of marker genotype on FF, number born alive (BA), number still born (SB), and number mummified fetuses (MUM) was tested. Data were analyzed by line with an animal model using MTDFREML. Fixed effects included year and marker genotype. In both the select and control lines, all markers had no significant affect on FF, BA, SB, or MUM when using the animal model. Therefore, follistatin is not likely to have a major effect on litter size in the population studied.
Author : Keri Evelyn Boyette
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Follistatin as a Candidate Gene for Litter Size in Pigs written by Keri Evelyn Boyette and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: swine, litter size, candidate gene, follistatin.
Author : Amy Louise Vincent
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Mapping and Investigation of Candidate Genes for Reproduction and Production Traits in the Pig written by Amy Louise Vincent and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mapping efforts of this study were successful in placing these three loci on both the physical and linkage maps of the PiGMaP consortium. The PRL gene was linkage and physically mapped to pig chromosome 7, the PRLR gene was linkage and physically mapped to pig chromosome 16, and the LEPR gene was linkage mapped to pig chromosome 6. PRLR was shown to be significantly linked to litter size in three commercial lines of pigs from PIC, a swine breeding stock company. An analysis with phenotypic data from an ISU resource population and LEPR genotypes are suggestive of associations between this gene and growth and carcass traits.
Author : Jill Ann Sherwood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (744 download)
Download or read book Mapping and Investigational Analysis of Candidate Genes in the Pig written by Jill Ann Sherwood and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification of candidate genes in the pig is important for research leading to the improvement of meat quality. In addition, the analysis and characterization has the potential to benefit research in other areas, including human medicine. The diseases of interest for this thesis study included nemaline myopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Identification of candidate genes for these disorders was based on their relationship to certain human diseases, and their potential to affect certain meat quality traits. Four separate genes were chosen based on proposed function in humans, and proposed location based on the human and pig comparative maps: beta tropomyosin (TPM2), muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1), protein-tyrosine phosphatase IB (PTP1B), and cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor gamma (PKIG). The GYS1, PTP1B and PKIG genes may have an effect on diabetes or the development of the disease, and TPM2 may be associated with a phenotype similar to nemaline myopathy. In addition, all of the genes listed have the potential to affect meat quality traits in the pig. For each porcine gene, analysis included partial sequencing, identification of polymorphisms, physical and linkage mapping, and association studies to determine if these genes were associated with any pork quality traits measured. Association studies with GYS1 revealed some association with fat and tenderness-related traits, while analysis of PTP1B showed association with glycogen and lactate-related traits. No significant associations were noted with the TPM2 or PKIG genes in this thesis study. Sequence data for each of these genes adds to the body of knowledge about the pig genome and these specific genes, and identification of the map locations of each of these genes in the pig refines the comparative maps between pigs and humans. In addition, association studies have revealed that two of these genes, GYS1 and PTP1B, may be useful for marker-assisted selection in pigs, and information for all genes has the potential to improve the understanding of human disorders.
Author : Aixin Liang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832507840
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Genetic analysis of reproductive traits in livestock written by Aixin Liang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Verne Merrill Chapman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Influences Upon Litter Size and Variation of Birth Weights in Berkshire Swine written by Verne Merrill Chapman and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Litter site and birth weight data compiled from the farrowing records of 275 litters out of 109 purebred Berkshire sows of the Oregon State University swine herd during the years 1953 to 1960 inclusive were used in this study. Genetic and environmental factors influencing four components of reproductive performance, namely, within litter variance of birth weights, litter size, number born dead and mean birth weight of pigs within a litter were evaluated by the method of stepwise multiple regression analysis. The estimate of within litter variance of birth weight was greater for larger litters but was decreased as the inbreeding coefficient of the litter increased. Litter size was depressed as inbreeding of dam increased; however, due to the structure of the herd there was an unusual positive relationship between inbreeding of litter and litter size. The latter observation leads to the conclusion that litter size is more strongly influenced by the genotype of the sow than by the genotype of the offspring. The number born dead in a litter increased as litters became larger. A disproportionate number of highly productive sows kept in the herd to advanced ages brought about an unusual ace-of-dam effect; there was, however, no basis for establishing that a greater number of dead pigs occurred in litters out of sows of different ages. The average birth weights of pigs within litters was smaller in larger litters. Average, birth weight was also decreased as the inbreeding of dam increased. Age-of-dam effects were not found to be important for any of the components of reproductive performance studied nor were consistent environmental effects found. An analysis of variance of sib groups was used to derive estimates of repeatability and heritability for within litter Variance of birth weights, litter size and litter weight. Data for these analyses were taken from the farrowing records of 44 scars which had farrowed two or more litters. The estimates of repeatability of within litter variance of birth weights was 0.02. This indicates that there was no tendency for sows to exhibit permanent differences for this character. The repeatability estimates of litter size and litter weight were 0.208 and 0.135 respectively. The heritability estimates of litter size as derived from the dam and sire component of the covariance of half sibs were 0.198 and 0.237. The estimate of heritability of litter weight at birth was 0.199. From these estimates it appears that progress from selection for improvement in all of the components of reproductive performance would be slow. An increased rate of progress will require a more accurate identification of superior genotypes Which can be accomplished, in part, by stabilizing temporary environmental factors.
Author : Kwan-Suk Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Comparative Genome Analysis in the Pig as a Model for Understanding Human Obesity written by Kwan-Suk Kim and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation reports on studies of the pig genome as a model to identify obesity-related genes. Pig geneticists have sought to reduce fat in their pigs through selective breeding, and these efforts ultimately improved the genetic potential in the pig for higher growth, increased efficiency of conversion of food into body weight and lower fat percentage in the body. Therefore, the genetic information obtained from lean growth in the pig can be applicable to studying the genetic basis of human obesity and other related health problems. A three-generation pig family and several commercial lines of pigs were used to study porcine obesity quantitative trait loci (QTL), and genes for the relevant phenotypes to human growth and obesity. Several candidate genes were successfully localized within the porcine obesity QTL and the comparative locations of these QTL and candidate genes were discussed in the present study. Furthermore, the relationships between DNA polymorphisms of the candidate genes and a variety of phenotypic measurements were studied. These results provide important insights into the role of biological candidate genes in obesity and other related metabolic disorders. The functional properties of a naturally occurring variant of porcine melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene were comparatively characterized to determine functionally important structural amino acid residues in the MC4R sequences. This research also discovered a unique imprinting phenotype in the porcine delta-like 1 (DLK1) locus. The imprinting phenotype was first found in the callipyge locus in sheep and called 'polar overdominance'. However, further identification has been elusive in other mammals. The results of the porcine DLK1 locus indicate that the inheritance mechanism of polar overdominance for callipyge sheep might have a conserved role for growth and fat deposition phenotypes in pigs and the DLK1 gene might be an important player for the imprinting phenotypes. This dissertation demonstrates the useful value of comparative genomic study of pigs as a model organism to investigate genes of interest for human health, especially obesity, and the results also have implications for the development of improved genetic selection programs for the targeted traits of interest in pig production systems.
Author : Max Frederick Rothschild
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845937562
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)
Download or read book The Genetics of the Pig written by Max Frederick Rothschild and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of pig genetics and genomics has advanced significantly in recent years, creating fresh insights into biological processes. This comprehensive reference work discusses pig genetics and its integration with livestock management and production technology to improve performance. Fully updated throughout to reflect advances in the subject, this new edition also includes new information on genetic aspects of domestication, colour variation, genomics and pig breeds, with contributions from international experts active in the field.
Author : Nguyen-Van-Hau
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3867278288
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (672 download)
Download or read book On Farm Performance of Vietnamese Pig Breeds and Its Relation to Candidate Genes written by Nguyen-Van-Hau and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
