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Analyses Of Millimeter Wave Radar Low Angle Ground Clutter Measurements For European Like And Desert Environments
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Book Synopsis Analyses of Millimeter Wave Radar Low-Angle Ground-Clutter Measurements for European-Like and Desert Environments by : Ronald Wellman
Download or read book Analyses of Millimeter Wave Radar Low-Angle Ground-Clutter Measurements for European-Like and Desert Environments written by Ronald Wellman and published by . This book was released on 1996-07-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes millimeter wave ground based radar cross section measurements taken to support the SWOE JT&E program over two years. RCS measurements were made on selected ground clutter patches for one month and over another 43-day period at Camp Grayling, MI; and for 47 days at Yuma Proving Ground, AZ. Instruments collected data on meteorological conditions, solar flux, and soil moisture content. A wide range of atmospheric conditions was observed in Grayling over the measurement periods. The conditions in Yuma over the measurement period were relatively stable. In this report, we describe the variations in the ground based measured RCS of different clutter types over time and space for environmental conditions encountered during the three field tests. We have developed and will present an empirical model to describe these variations for the Yuma and Grayling II environments.
Book Synopsis Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter by : J. Barrie Billingsley
Download or read book Low-Angle Radar Land Clutter written by J. Barrie Billingsley and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2002-04-01 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A necessary reference for all radar engineers or analysts including many levels of managers, advisors and decision makers in the U.S. and worldwide radar industry. Directly useful in both military (DOD) and civilian (FAA) applications. The result of 20 years of research at MIT Lincoln Lab, this book is of the most significant tehcnological consequence for the industry. It actually solves the problem of low angle radar land clutter by showing the reader how to design and predict the performance of radars that operate in situations where land clutter prevalent. Radar land clutter constitutes the unwanted radar echoes returned from the earth's surface that compete against and interfere with the desired echoes returned by targets such as aircraft and other moving and stationary targets. The ability to accurately predict the effects of land clutter in surface radar has been an unsolved problem for many years. This book is comprehensive in addressing the topic, containing many interrelated results, each important in its own right. It unifies and integrates all the results so as to create a comprehensive, innovative, and unequaled work. The results of this book directly enable the reader to predict land clutter effects in surface radar. Modern military aircraft deliberately fly low to hide their presence from radars that are also dealing with land clutter. Depending on the terrain, the performance of the radar varies greatly from very good to very poor. This book helps radar engineers provide accurate assessments of ground clutter, thus bringing their ability to detect and operate against low flying aircraft to a much higher and much more consistent level.
Book Synopsis MMW Scattering by Tree Trunks and Surrounding Environment Modeling & Analysis by : Alaa E. El-Rouby
Download or read book MMW Scattering by Tree Trunks and Surrounding Environment Modeling & Analysis written by Alaa E. El-Rouby and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IGARSS 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Low-angle X-band Radar Ground Clutter Spatial Amplitude Statistics by : J. Barrie Billingsley
Download or read book Low-angle X-band Radar Ground Clutter Spatial Amplitude Statistics written by J. Barrie Billingsley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Millimeter-wave Radar Clutter by : Nicholas C. Currie
Download or read book Millimeter-wave Radar Clutter written by Nicholas C. Currie and published by Artech House Radar Library (Ha. This book was released on 1992 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses those phenomenological characteristics of radar clutter and propagation in the millimeter-wave region that are of particular importance in the design, test, and evaluation of millimeter-wave sensors. Drawing on the detection procedures outlined, you can use this book to solve many types of target-in-clutter detection problems quickly and accurately. Supported by 295 equations and 119 illustrations.
Book Synopsis Spectral Characteristics of Low-angle Radar Ground Clutter by :
Download or read book Spectral Characteristics of Low-angle Radar Ground Clutter written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of ground-based radars is affected by the spectral characteristics of ground clutter. Most signal processing algorithms designed to enhance detection performance are Doppler-frequency-sensitive, such as the moving target indicator filter, Doppler processor and coherent clutter map. This report gives the results of a comprehensive spectral analysis of low-angle ground clutter, using the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Phase I data and the DREO S-band clutter data. The report presents the spectral analysis of ground clutter for different bands of radar frequency; describes the data used in the spectral analysis, including both the conventional Fourier analysis and a super-resolution spectral analysis technique; gives a brief background on the maximum entropy spectral estimate; and describes the particular procedure designed to bring out the spectral characteristics of ground clutter from short time series.
Book Synopsis Radar Ground Clutter Measurement and Models. Part 2. Spectral Characteristics and Temporal Statistics by : Hing C. Chan
Download or read book Radar Ground Clutter Measurement and Models. Part 2. Spectral Characteristics and Temporal Statistics written by Hing C. Chan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of ground-based surveillance radars is affected by the spectral characteristics and the temporal statistics of ground clutter. Traditionally, ground clutter problems are treated by employing filtering techniques such as delay-line cancellers. These techniques result in a degraded detection performance of low-velocity targets. With the worsening congestion in air traffic, there is an increased demand for improved performance of low-velocity target detection. To improve the detection performance of ground-based surveillance radars for low-velocity targets, signal processing algorithms which exploit ground-clutter characteristics must be developed. This requires a thorough understanding of ground-clutter behaviour. In this paper, we report the results of the spectral and statistical analyses of low-angle ground clutter, using data of the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Phase I program and S-band coherent ground-clutter data collected by the Radar Division of the Defence research Establishment Ottawa. The results of the spectral analysis show that ground clutter, as observed by a coherent radar with a stationary antenna, comprises three components: (a) a coherent component, (b) a slow-diffuse component and (c) a fast-diffuse component. These components can be described by relatively simple models. The model parameters are functions of radar frequency, waveform resolution, land cover and wind speed.
Book Synopsis Temporal Statistics of Low-Angle Ground Clutter by : H. C. Chan
Download or read book Temporal Statistics of Low-Angle Ground Clutter written by H. C. Chan and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed knowledge of the temporal statistics of ground clutter is essential to determine the detection threshold settings so as to maximize the probability of target detection while maintaining an acceptable probability of false alarm. The performance of existing false alarm control schemes is often limited due to a lack of detailed knowledge of the ground clutter temporal statistics. In this study we analyze experimental data to characterize the temporal statistics of low-angle ground clutter in terms of the clutter's linear amplitude distribution. Effects of radar frequency, polarization, waveform resolution, land covers and wind speed on the statistics are examined. Results show that the Ricean distribution and its limiting case, the Rayleigh distribution, are appropriate models for ground clutter in steady-state wind conditions. This implies that the diffuse clutter components, which give rise to the random properties of ground clutter may be modeled as a complex Gaussian process. We found, however, that at any given time there is a fraction of the resolution cells with clutter data having nonstationary temporal statistics not well modelled by the Ricean or Rayleigh distribution. The frequency of occurrence of nonstationary clutter statistics depends on radar frequency, land cover and wind speed. Forested land cover represents the worst case scenario. Application of the results of this study to determine optimal detection threshold settings is discussed. Radar clutter; Phased array radar; S band; Canada. (edc).
Book Synopsis Physical Scale Modeling the Millimeter-Wave Backscattering Behavior of Ground Clutter by :
Download or read book Physical Scale Modeling the Millimeter-Wave Backscattering Behavior of Ground Clutter written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The VV-polarized W-band backscattering behavior of homogeneous ground clutter has been investigated by measuring the radar cross section per unit area of 1/16th scale rough surface terrain in a 1.56 THz compact radar range. An array of scale model ground planes was fabricated with the appropriate roughness to model smooth to rough soil terrain. In addition to studying the backscattering behavior as a function of surface roughness, the dependence on soil moisture content was also characterized by tailoring the dielectric constant of the scale models. Radar imagery of the rough surfaces were acquired in a 1.56 THz compact radar range by collecting single frequency backscatter data over a solid angle in both azimuth and elevation. The data were Fourier transformed in both the azimuth and elevation directions to produce two-dimensional imagery. The backscattering coefficient per unit illuminated area (sigma(exp 0)) was calculated as a function of elevation angle between 5 degrees and 85 degrees. The results of this work have been used in the fabrication of scale model ground planes for collection of W-band radar imagery from scaled threat targets in realistic environments. Backscattering data, including clutter statistics, are compared to Wband clutter data found in the literature.
Book Synopsis Multifrequency Measurements of Radar Ground Clutter at 42 Sites. Volume 1. Principal Results by :
Download or read book Multifrequency Measurements of Radar Ground Clutter at 42 Sites. Volume 1. Principal Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report determines how ground clutter strength varies with RF frequency from VHF to X-band in ground-sited radar. These results indicate that the frequency dependence of ground clutter strength depends upon terrain type and can vary, for example, from a strongly decreasing function of frequency in forest to a strongly increasing function of frequency in farmland. Five major terrain categories are defined that encompass this dependence, namely, urban, mountains, forest, farmland, and desert. Within each terrain category, results are also shown to be dependent upon relief or roughness of the terrain and upon the depression angle at which the terrain is illuminated. The depression angle dependence is important, even for the very low angles (typically within a degree of grazing incidence) and small (typical fractional) variations in angle that occur in ground-sited radar. This report presents specific clutter strength results at each of five frequencies (VHF, UHF, L-, S-, and X-band) from each of the 42 sites at which measurements were conducted. The report then combines results from similar sites to obtain the general dependence of clutter strength versus frequency for each terrain category. clutter strengths are described in terms of moments (including the mean) and percentile levels (including the median) in measured clutter amplitude distributions resulting from cell-by-cell spatial variation over a selected large kilometer-sized macroregion of terrain at each site called the repeat sector. Measurements over the repeat sector at each site were repeated a number of times to increase the reliability of the results.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Millimeter-wave Radar Targets and Clutter by : Gennadiĭ Petrovich Kulemin
Download or read book Millimeter-wave Radar Targets and Clutter written by Gennadiĭ Petrovich Kulemin and published by Artech House Publishers. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring critical material never before available in Western resources, this invaluable millimeter-wave radar book delivers in-depth coverage of both theory and experimental data on targets and clutter from land, sea, and precipitation. For the first time, you are provided with measured data from Russian sources on radar characteristics of explosions, turbine exhausts, and sonic perturbations in target wakes.
Book Synopsis Multifrequency Measurements of Radar Ground Clutter at 42 Sites. Volume 3: Appendix E. by :
Download or read book Multifrequency Measurements of Radar Ground Clutter at 42 Sites. Volume 3: Appendix E. written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report determines how ground clutter strength varies with RF frequency from VHF to X-band in ground-sited radar. This determination is accomplished by providing extensive empirical results from multifrequency clutter measurements conducted at 42 different sites widely dispersed over the North American continent. These results indicate that the frequency dependence of ground clutter strength depends upon terrain type and can vary, for example, from a strongly decreasing function of frequency in forest to a strongly increasing function of frequency in farmland. Five major terrain categories are defined that encompass this dependence, namely, urban, mountains, forest, farmland, and desert. Within each terrain category, results are also shown to be dependent upon the relief or roughness of the terrain and upon the depression angle at which the terrain is illuminated. The depression angle dependence is important, even for the very low angles (typically within a degree of grazing incidence) and small (typically fractional) variations in angle that occur in ground-sited radar. This report presents specific clutter strength results at each of five frequencies (VHF, UHF, L-, S-, and X-band) from each of the 42 sites at which measurements were conducted. The report then combines results from similar sites to obtain the general dependence of clutter strength versus frequency for each terrain category. Clutter strengths are described in terms of moments (including the mean) and percentile levels (including the median) in measured clutter amplitude distributions resulting from cell-by-cell spatial variation over a selected large kilometer-sized macroregion of terrain at each site called the repeat sector.
Book Synopsis Millimeter-wave Radar Targets and Clutter by : Gennadiĭ Petrovich Kulemin
Download or read book Millimeter-wave Radar Targets and Clutter written by Gennadiĭ Petrovich Kulemin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring critical material never before available in Western resources, this invaluable millimeter-wave radar book delivers in-depth coverage of both theory and experimental data on targets and clutter from land, sea, and precipitation. For the first time, you are provided with measured data from Russian sources on radar characteristics of explosions, turbine exhausts, and sonic perturbations in target wakes.
Book Synopsis Multifrequency Measurements of Radar Ground Clutter at 42 Sites. Volume 2. Appendices A Through D. by :
Download or read book Multifrequency Measurements of Radar Ground Clutter at 42 Sites. Volume 2. Appendices A Through D. written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report determines how ground clutter strength varies with RF frequency from VHF to X-Band in ground sited radar. This determination is accomplished by providing extensive empirical results from multifrequency clutter measurements conducted at 42 different sites widely dispersed over the North American continent. These results indicate that the frequency dependence of ground clutter strength depends upon terrain type and can vary, for example, from a strongly decreasing function of frequence in forest to a strongly increasing function of frequency in farmland. Five major terrain categories are defined that encompass this dependence, namely, urban, mountain, forest, farmland and desert. Within each terrain category results are also shown to be dependent upon the relief or roughness of the terrain and upon the depression angle at which the terrain is illuminated. The depression angle dependence is important even for the very low angles and small variations in angle that occur in ground-sited radar. This report presents specific clutter strength results at each of five frequencies (VHF, UHF, L-, S- and X-band) from each of 42 sites at which measurements were conducted. The report then combines results from similar sites to obtain the general dependence of clutter strength versus frequency for each terrain category.
Book Synopsis Radar Ground Clutter Measurements and Models. Part 1. Spatial Amplitude Statistics by : J. B. Billingsley
Download or read book Radar Ground Clutter Measurements and Models. Part 1. Spatial Amplitude Statistics written by J. B. Billingsley and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At MIT Lincoln Laboratory, we have collected a large multifrequency data base of radar ground clutter measurements from many sites. We employ our clutter data to develop clutter models. Of particular interest to us is the site-specific prediction of PPI ground clutter maps for ground-sited radars, that is, in simulating the spatial variation of ground clutter. This paper describes our measurements, and presents a statistical clutter model for spatial amplitude statistics based on depression angle, terrain type, RF frequency, and radar resolution.
