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An Optimal Ion Exchange Design For Removal Of Cesium From Hanford Waste
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Book Synopsis An Optimal Ion Exchange Design for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste by :
Download or read book An Optimal Ion Exchange Design for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-elutable crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion-exchanger materials have been studied for removing cesium from a variety of radioactive wastes at several U.S. DOE sites over the last decade. For the current pretreatment facility design of the River Protection Project (RPP) Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) in Hanford, the removal of cesium from low activity waste (LAW) is achieved by ion-exchange technology based on SuperLig(R) 644 resin. However, due to concerns over potential radiological and chemical degradation of SuperLig(R) 644 resin, IONSIV IE-911 (CST in its engineered form) material is being proposed as a backup ion-exchange material for the removal of cesium from Hanford radioactive waste. This paper discusses the methodology used to determine the optimal CST ion-exchange column size to process all 16 separate batches of feeds from the ten targeted Hanford waste tanks. The optimal design ensures the best utilization of CST material and therefore results in a minimum amount of spent CST.
Book Synopsis Optimization of Cesium Removal from Hanford Envelope A Simulant with SuperLig 639 Ion Exchange Resin by :
Download or read book Optimization of Cesium Removal from Hanford Envelope A Simulant with SuperLig 639 Ion Exchange Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hanford RadioactiveWaste materials have been categorized into four envelopes labeled A through D as specified in the Tank Waste Remediation Contract between BNFL and DOE. 1 Envelopes A, B and C contain only solubilized species and are specified as Low-Activity Waste (LAW). Each envelope is defined based on compositional maximums of chemical and radioactive constituents. Envelopes A and B contain low concentrations of organic species and the primary form of technetium is pertechnetate (TcO4- ). Envelope C contains higher levels of organic species and technetium which is primarily in the nonpertechnetate form (presumably complexed TcO2). Envelope D is sludge which has been separated from the supernate and is referred to as High Activity Waste. The current plant design utilizes SuperLig ion exchange resins to remove cesium and technetium (the primary radioactive constituents) from the Hanford LAW. The process is designed to produce a decontaminated waste stream and a concentrated eluate waste stream for vitrification into low and high activity glasses, respectively.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste Using SuperLig 644 Resin by :
Download or read book Preliminary Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste Using SuperLig 644 Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposed facility is being designed for the immobilization of Hanford high-level radioactive waste. One unit process in the facility is designed to remove radioactive cesium by ion-exchange from the strongly alkaline aqueous phase. A resin specifically designed with high selectivity of cesium under alkaline conditions is being investigated. The resin also is elutable under more acidic conditions. The proposed design of the facility consists of two sets of two packed columns placed in series (i.e., a lead column followed by a lag (guard) column configuration). During operation, upon reaching a specified cesium concentration criterion at the exit of the lag column, operation is switched to the second set of lead and lag columns. The cesium-loaded lead column is processed (i.e., washed and eluted) and switched to the lag position. the previous lag column is then placed in the lead position (without eluting) and the system is ready for use in the next cycle. For a well designed process, the loading and elution processes result in significant volume reductions in aqueous high-level waste.
Book Synopsis Cesium Ion Exchange Using Tank 241-AN-104 Supernate by : K. Adu-Wusu
Download or read book Cesium Ion Exchange Using Tank 241-AN-104 Supernate written by K. Adu-Wusu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The River Protection Project is to design and build a high level nuclear waste treatment facility. The waste treatment plant is to process millions of gallons of radioactive waste stored in tanks at the Hanford Site. The high level nuclear waste treatment process includes various unit operations, such as ultrafiltration, precipitation, evaporation, ion exchange, and vitrification. Ion exchange is identified as the optimal treatment method for removal of cesium-137 and Tc-99 from the waste. Extensive ion exchange testing was performed using small-scale columns with actual waste samples. The objectives of this study were to: demonstrate SuperLig 644 ion exchange performance and process steps for the removal of cesium from actual AN-104 tank waste; pretreat actual AN-104 tank waste to reduce the concentration of cesium-137 in the waste below LAW vitrification limit; produce and characterize cesium eluate solutions for use in eluate evaporation tests. The experiments consisted of batch contact and small-scale column tests. The batch contact tests measured sorption partition coefficients Kds. The Kds were used to predict the effective resin capacity. The small-scale column tests, which closely mimic plant conditions, generated loading and elution profile data used to determine whether removal targets and design requirements were met.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste Using Hydrous Crystalline Silicotitanate Material by :
Download or read book Preliminary Ion Exchange Modeling for Removal of Cesium from Hanford Waste Using Hydrous Crystalline Silicotitanate Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the current pretreatment facility design of the River Protection Project (RPP) Waste Treatment Plant (WTP), the removal of cesium from low activity waste (LAW) is achieved by ion-exchange technology based on SuperLig(R) 644 resin. Due to recent concerns over potential radiological and chemical degradation of SuperLig(R) 644 resin and increased pressure drops observed during pilot-scale column studies, an increased interest in developing a potential backup ion-exchanger material has resulted. Ideally, a backup ion-exchanger material would replace the SuperLig(R) 644 resin and have no other major impacts on the pretreatment facility flowsheet. Such an ideal exchanger has not been identified to date. However, Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) ion-exchanger materials have been studied for the removal of cesium from a variety of DOE wastes over the last decade. CST ion-exchanger materials demonstrate a high affinity for cesium under high alkalinity conditions and have been under investigation for cesium removal specifically at Hanford and SRS during the last six years. Since CST is an inorganic based material (with excellent properties in regard to chemical, radiological, and thermal stability) that is considered to be practically non-elutable (while SuperLig(R) 644 is an organic based elutable resin), the overall pretreatment facility flowsheet would be impacted in various ways. However, the CST material is still being considered as a potential backup ion-exchanger material. The performance of a proposed backup ion-exchange column using IONSIV IE-911 (CST in its engineered-form) material for the removal of cesium from Hanford high level radioactive alkaline waste is discussed. This report focuses attention on the ion-exchange aspects and addresses the loading phase of the process cycle.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Scale Testing of the Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank Wastes by :
Download or read book Comprehensive Scale Testing of the Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly selective ion exchange materials will be used to remove radionuclides from tank waste at the Hanford site as part of the River Protection Project. Testing in support of facility design was performed with different sizes of ion exchange columns to provide a basis for comparing results obtained using small-scale with radioactive samples and full design-height (i.e., pilot-scale) with simulant. Results indicate good comparison between small-scale radioactive tests and pilot-scale simulant tests. Because of the cost of performing radioactive tests and the unavailability of large sample volumes, understanding scale-up of performance parameters is critical to ensure that the system will perform as designed. The consistency of scale-up of ion exchange columns using SuperLig 644 and 639 resins has been demonstrated. Maintaining constant residence time, i.e., Column Volumes per hour, yields similar breakthrough profiles with resin columns ranging from 3.5 cm to 230 cm in height. Experiments performed with flow rates greatly exceeding the design parameters provided valuable information on loading and diffusion parameters. These data will be used, along with a computer model, to permit verification of design and prediction of column performance.
Book Synopsis Small-Scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-103 by :
Download or read book Small-Scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-103 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pretreatment process for BNFL, Inc.'s Hanford River Protection Project is to provide decontaminated low activity waste and concentrated eluate streams for vitrification into low activity and high level waste glass, respectively. The pretreatment includes sludge washing, filtration, precipitation, and ion exchange processes to remove entrained solids, cesium, transuranics, technetium, and strontium. The ion exchange removal of cesium (Cs) and technetium (Tc) ions is accomplished by using SuperLig 644, and 639 resins from IBC Advanced Technologies, American Fork, Utah. The resins were shown to selectively remove cesium and technetium (as pertechnetate), from alkaline salt solutions. The efficiency of ion exchange column loading and elution is a complex function involving feed compositions, equilibrium and kinetic behavior of ion exchange resins, diffusion, and the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous solution. A previous experimental program completed at the Savannah River Technology Center demonstrated the conceptualized flow sheet parameters with a similar Hanford tank sample (241-AW-101). Those experiments included determination of Cs and Tc batch distribution coefficients by SuperLig 644 and 639 resins and demonstration of small-scale column breakthrough and elution. The experimental findings were used in support of preliminary design bases and pretreatment flow sheet development by BNFL, Inc.
Book Synopsis Small-Scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-102 by :
Download or read book Small-Scale Ion Exchange Removal of Cesium and Technetium from Hanford Tank 241-AN-102 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pretreatment process for BNFL, Inc.'s Hanford River Protection Project is to provide decontaminated low activity waste and concentrated eluate streams for vitrification into low and high activity waste glass, respectively. The pretreatment includes sludge washing, filtration, precipitation, and ion exchange processes to remove entrained solids, cesium, transuranics, technetium, and strontium. The cesium (Cs-137) and technetium (Tc-99) ion exchange removal is accomplished by using SuperLig 644, and 639 resins from IBC Advanced Technologies, American Fork, Utah. The resins were shown to selectively remove cesium and technetium (as anionic pertechnetate) from alkaline salt solutions. The efficiency of ion exchange column loading and elution is a complex function involving feed compositions, equilibrium and kinetic behavior of ion exchange resins, diffusion, and the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous solution. A previous experimental program completed at the Savannah River Tech nology Center2 demonstrated the conceptualized flow sheet parameters with an Envelope C sample from Hanford Tank 241-AN-107. Those experiments also included determination of Cs and Tc batch distribution coefficients by SuperLig 644 and 639 resins and demonstration of small-scale column breakthrough and elution. The experimental findings were used in support of preliminary design bases and pretreatment flow sheet development by BNFL, Inc.
Book Synopsis Pre-design Safety Analyses of Cesium Ion-exchange Compact Processing Unit by :
Download or read book Pre-design Safety Analyses of Cesium Ion-exchange Compact Processing Unit written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes an innovative radioactive waste pretreatment concept. This cost-effective, highly flexible processing approach is based on the use of Compact Processing Units (CPUs) to treat highly radioactive tank wastes in proximity to the tanks themselves. The units will be designed to treat tank wastes at rates from 8 to 20 liters per minute and have the capacity to remove cesium, and ultimately other radionuclides, from 4,000 cubic meters of waste per year. This new concept is being integrated into waste per year. This new concept is being integrated into Hanford's tank farm management plans by a team of PNL and Westinghouse Hanford Company scientists and engineers. The first CPU to be designed and deployed will be used to remove cesium from Hanford double-shell tank (DST) supernatant waste. Separating Cs from the waste would be a major step toward lowering the radioactivity in the bulk of the waste, allowing it to be disposed of as a low-level solid waste form (e.g., grout), while concentrating the more highly radioactive material for processing as high-level solid waste.
Book Synopsis Cesium Removal from Simulated and Actual Hanford Tank Waste Using Ion Exchange by : S. K. Fiskum
Download or read book Cesium Removal from Simulated and Actual Hanford Tank Waste Using Ion Exchange written by S. K. Fiskum and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ION EXCHANGE MODELING FOR REMOVAL OF CESIUM FROM HANFORD WASTE USING SUPERLIG 644 RESIN. by : L. Hamm
Download or read book ION EXCHANGE MODELING FOR REMOVAL OF CESIUM FROM HANFORD WASTE USING SUPERLIG 644 RESIN. written by L. Hamm and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected performance of a proposed ion exchange column using SuperLig{reg_sign} 644 resin for the removal of cesium from Hanford high level radioactive alkaline waste is discussed. This report represents a final report on the ability and knowledge with regard to modeling the Cesium-SuperLig{reg_sign} 644 resin ion exchange system. Only the loading phase of the cycle process is addressed within this report. Pertinent bench-scale column tests and batch equilibrium experiments are addressed. The methodology employed and sensitivity analyses are also included (i.e., existing methodology employed is referenced to prior developmental efforts while updated methodology is discussed). Pilot-scale testing is not assessed since no pilot-scale testing was available at the time of this report. Column performance predictions are made considering three selected feed compositions under nominal operating conditions. The sensitivity analyses provided help to identify key parameters that aid in resin procurement acceptance criteria. The methodology and application presented within this report reflect the expected behavior of SuperLig{reg_sign} 644 resin manufactured at the production-scale (i.e, 250 gallon batch size level). The primary objective of this work was, through modeling and verification based on experimental assessments, to predict the cesium removal performance of SuperLig{reg_sign} 644 resin for application in the RPP pretreatment facility.
Download or read book אגרות י"שור written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Initial Evaluation of Two Organic Resins and Their Ion Exchange Column Performance for the Recovery of Cesium from Hanford Alkaline Wastes by : Lane A. Bray
Download or read book Initial Evaluation of Two Organic Resins and Their Ion Exchange Column Performance for the Recovery of Cesium from Hanford Alkaline Wastes written by Lane A. Bray and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cesium Ion Exchange Program at the Hanford River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant by : NASH. CHARLES
Download or read book Cesium Ion Exchange Program at the Hanford River Protection Project Waste Treatment Plant written by NASH. CHARLES and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The River Protection Project - Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant will use cesium ion exchange to remove 137Cs from Low Activity Waste down to 0.3 Ci/m3 in the Immobilized LAW, ILAW product. The project baseline for cesium ion exchange is the elutable SuperLig, R, 644, SL-644, resin registered trademark of IBC Advanced Technologies, Inc., American Fork, UT or the Department of Energy approved equivalent. SL-644 is solely available through IBC Advanced Technologies. To provide an alternative to this sole-source resin supply, the RPP-WTP initiated a three-stage process for selection and qualification of an alternative ion exchange resin for cesium removal in the RPPWTP. It was recommended that resorcinol formaldehyde RF be pursued as a potential alternative to SL-644.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Commercially Available Ion Exchange Materials for Cesium Removal from Highly Alkaline Wastes by : Kriston P. Brooks
Download or read book Assessment of Commercially Available Ion Exchange Materials for Cesium Removal from Highly Alkaline Wastes written by Kriston P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cesium Ion Exchange Using Actual Waste by : Kriston P. Brooks
Download or read book Cesium Ion Exchange Using Actual Waste written by Kriston P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank Waste by :
Download or read book Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of organic and inorganic exchangers are being developed and evaluated for cesium removal from Hanford tank wastes. The exchangers of interest that are investigated in this work include powdered (IONSIV[reg-sign] IE-910; referred to as IE-910) and engineered (IONSIV[reg-sign] IE-911; referred to as IE-911) forms of the crystalline silico-titanate (CST) inorganic sorbent developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)/Texas A and M and prepared by UOP; a phenol-formaldehyde (CS-100) resin developed by Rohm and Haas; a resorcinol-formaldehyde (R-F) polymer developed at the Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) and produced by Boulder Scientific; an inorganic zeolite exchanger produced by UOP (IONSIV[reg-sign] TIE-96; referred to as TIE-96); an inorganic sodium titanate produced by Allied Signal/Texas A and M (NaTi); and a macrocyclic organic resin developed and produced by IBC Advanced Technologies (SuperLig[reg-sign] 644; referred to as SL-644). Several of these materials are still under development and may not be in the optimal form. The work described in this report involves the direct comparison of the ion exchange materials for the pretreatment of actual and simulated Hanford tank waste. Data on the performance of all of the exchangers with simulated and actual double shell slurry feed (DSSF) is included. The DSSF waste is a mixture of the supernate from tanks 101-AW (70%), 106-AP (20%) and 102-AP (10%). The comparative parameters include radionuclide removal efficiency under a variety of conditions and material properties (e.g., bed density and percent removable water). Cesium and strontium distribution (K[sub d]), lambda ([lambda]= K[sub d][times][rho][sub b]), and decontamination factors (DF) are compared as a function of exchanger contact duration, solution composition (Na and Cs concentration), exchanger/waste phase ratio, and multiple sequential contacts.
