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An Investigation Into The Hydrothermal Processing Of Coal Fly Ash To Produce Zeolite For Controlled Release Fertiliser Applications
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Book Synopsis An Investigation Into the Hydrothermal Processing of Coal Fly Ash to Produce Zeolite for Controlled Release Fertiliser Applications by : Alexander Dean Elliot
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Hydrothermal Processing of Coal Fly Ash to Produce Zeolite for Controlled Release Fertiliser Applications written by Alexander Dean Elliot and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notably quartz is more reactive than mullite; however at a pH of 14.6 mullite is completely dissolved while quartz is not, probably due to the significantly smaller size of mullite crystals relative to quartz particles; and for small increases in m with constant pH starting from x = 1, the total yield of zeolite increases, and the yields of different zeolite types change from low to a maxima back to low as functions of both pH and m.
Book Synopsis Fly Ash Zeolites by : Bhagwanjee Jha
Download or read book Fly Ash Zeolites written by Bhagwanjee Jha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a thorough review of the state-of-knowledge and recent innovations in the synthesis of pure and improved grades of fly ash zeolites (FAZ). Addressing improvements to conventional methods, it also showcases a novel technique for the synthesis of high cation exchangers from fly ash and detailed characterization techniques for the products obtained. In addition, it examines in detail various areas of specific applications of fly ash zeolites. Over the years, several methods such as hydrothermal, fusion prior to hydrothermal, microwave assisted hydrothermal and molten salt techniques for producing FAZ have been developed. However, one-step and two-step reactions between the fly ash and alkali usually generate alkaline wastes that may cause environmental contamination. In addition, the separation of FAZ from the partially activated fly ash (the impurities) remains a major concern for researchers and industrialists alike. /divIn view of these challenges, this book presents a novel technique for three-step activation (TSA), which focuses on recycling the fly ash-NaOH-water reaction by-products until zeolitic residue is formed. The FAZ (the final residue after third step reactions) synthesized in this manner exhibits exceptionally high cation exchange capacity, specific surface area and pore area. This book offers a comprehensive compendium of reading material on fly ash and its recycled product, the zeolites. Students at both undergraduate and graduate levels, researchers, and practicing engineers will all find this book to be a valuable guide in their respective fields.
Book Synopsis Pollutants from Energy Sources by : Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
Download or read book Pollutants from Energy Sources written by Rashmi Avinash Agarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses different aspects of energy consumption and environmental pollution, describing in detail the various pollutants resulting from the utilization of natural resources and their control techniques. It discusses diagnostic techniques in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. It will be useful for engineers, agriculturists, environmentalists, ecologists and policy makers involved in area of pollutants from energy, environmental safety, and health sectors.
Book Synopsis Transformation of Waste Coal Fly Ash Into Zeolites for Environmental Applications by : Kalpana Maheria
Download or read book Transformation of Waste Coal Fly Ash Into Zeolites for Environmental Applications written by Kalpana Maheria and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation of a large quantity of waste coal fly ash (CFA) via coal combustion process during power generation is of major concern as disposal of such huge quantity of fly ash causes serious threats to the environment. There is an exigent need to find out the proper solution for its disposal/utilization to reduce its harmful effects. The composition of waste coal fly ash mostly consists of silica and alumina. Hence, the researchers are tempted to utilize waste coal fly ash as a starting ingredient to make value-added materials like zeolites. It is anticipated that such research efforts will act as a valuable aid to reduce the disposal cost of fly ash and ultimately reduce harmful effects of fly ash to the environment. In this review, various synthesis methods to synthesize different types of zeolites from CFA, such as Zeolite-A, Zeolite-X and Zeolite-P, have been summarized and their potential for various applications such as sorption and catalysis has been explored.
Book Synopsis Hydrothermal Conversion of South African Coal Fly Ash Into Pure Phase Zeolite Na-P1 by : Mugera W. Gitari
Download or read book Hydrothermal Conversion of South African Coal Fly Ash Into Pure Phase Zeolite Na-P1 written by Mugera W. Gitari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South African coal combustion power utilities generate huge amounts of coal fly ash that can be beneficiated into zeolitic products. This chapter reports on the optimization of the presynthesis and synthesis conditions for a pure-phase zeolite Na-P1 from selected South African coal fly ashes. The hydrothermal treatment time, temperature, and molar quantities of water during the hydrothermal treatment step were successfully optimized. The optimum hydrothermal treatment time and temperature were 48 h and 140°C, respectively. Pure-phase zeolite Na-P1 was obtained with a molar regime of 1 SiO2:0.36 Al2O3:0.59 NaOH:0.49 H2O at an aging temperature of 47°C for 48 h. The optimized conditions were applied to two fly ashes from two coal-fired power utilities, and high-purity zeolite Na-P1 was obtained. The third coal fly ash with a different chemical composition gave a low-quality Na-P1 under the optimized conditions. The cation exchange capacity for the high-purity zeolite phase was 4.11 mEq/g, indicating that the adjustment of reactant composition and presynthesis or synthesis parameters leads to yields of high-quality zeolite Na-P1. The results also show that conversion of the coal fly ash into high-purity zeolite also depends on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the coal fly ash.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash by : Guido Gerard Hollman
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash written by Guido Gerard Hollman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Natural Weathering Processes and Artificial Treatment Techniques in the Attenuation of Toxic Metals from Coal Fly Ash by : Sidhartha Bhattacharyya
Download or read book Investigation of Natural Weathering Processes and Artificial Treatment Techniques in the Attenuation of Toxic Metals from Coal Fly Ash written by Sidhartha Bhattacharyya and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal fly ash contains high levels of hazardous trace elements such as As, B, Cr, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr and V, which may have a negative impact on the environment due to potential leaching by acid rain and groundwater. This study seeks to develop new fly ash management techniques by determining the effects of natural weathering on trace element mobility in fly ash and by evaluating the potential use of surfactant-modified zeolite and ferrous sulfate treatment for attenuating the mobility of trace elements associated with fly ash. The effects of weathering on trace element mobility in fly ash were studied using batch competitive adsorption experiments. Fresh fly ash shows high adsorption capacity for As, V and Mo, while weathered fly ash shows high affinity for Ni, Sr, As and V. Both fresh and weathered fly ash show low adsorption capacity for Se and B. Weathering reduced the adsorption capacities of fresh fly ash for As, B, Cr, Mo, Se and V, indicating increased mobility in ash disposal environments. The effectiveness of surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) as a PRB material was studied using batch experiments under competitive adsorption conditions. The results showed that SMZ preferably adsorbed V, Mo and Cr over As and Se. Unmodified zeolite (UMZ) showed high adsorption capacities for Ni and Sr. Both SMZ and UMZ failed to remove B from solution. The use of SMZ as a PRB material in coal fly ash management will be limited by its low affinity for B as well as its relatively low affinity for As, Se and cations. Ferrous sulfate treatment of coal fly ash successfully reduced the mobility of oxyanionic trace elements. The unbuffered 1:30 FS treatment was highly successful; oxyanion mobility reductions were: As (24-91%), Cr (82-97%), Mo (79-100%), Se (41-87%) and V (55-100%). On the other hand, the 1:30 FS fly ash treatment failed to reduce the mobility of B, Ni and Sr. Ferrous sulfate treatment is cost effective and can be applied directly to fresh fly ash produced in electric power plants, as well as to the fly ash already placed in the ash disposal facilities.
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash with Aluminum Dross Using Alkali Fusion by : Napasawan Khawnuan
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolite from Coal Fly Ash with Aluminum Dross Using Alkali Fusion written by Napasawan Khawnuan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal fly ash (CFA) and aluminum dross are industrial wastes that required proper treatment and disposal. Several studies have been focusing on reusing CFA to produce zeolites; a porous crystalline materials with various applications. Nonetheless, the applicability of aluminum dross in zeolite synthesis has yet to be determined. In this study, CFA and aluminum dross were used for the synthesis of zeolite by akaline fusion. Aluminum oxide, a commonly used aluminum source, was also tested for comparison. Optimal condition of zeolite synthesis was determined based on characteristics of the products such as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Zeolite A was generated in this study. In the case of aluminum dross, optimal synthesis condition was obtained at 600 ̊C fusion temperature followed by crystallization at 80 ̊C. Although the observed CEC was relatively lower than those of the zeolites synthesized from aluminum oxide, their CEC values were still comparable. The cadmium and methylene blue (MB) adsorptions of the synthesized zeolites with high CEC values (P680, P780, D680, and D780) were then investigated. Among the three isotherm models including linear regression, Langmuir isotherm, and Freundlich isotherm, the data from cadmium adsorption by the synthesized zeolites fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm. On the contrary, MB adsorption could not be fitted with any models used in this study. These results suggest that zeolite A can be obtained from CFA and aluminum dross, and its capability in cadmium and MB removal was similar to the zeolite produced from aluminum oxide.
Book Synopsis Zeolite Synthesis from Municipal Solid Waste Ash Using Fusion and Hydrothermal Treatment by : Maysson Sallam
Download or read book Zeolite Synthesis from Municipal Solid Waste Ash Using Fusion and Hydrothermal Treatment written by Maysson Sallam and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This dissertation investigates the possibility of producing zeolites from municipal solid waste ash, MSW ash, by using hydrothermal treatment alone and by introducing fusion at 550 °C prior to hydrothermal treatment. The study was performed at different treatment conditions where silica/aluminum ratio of 13.9 and 2.5, hydroxide concentrations of 1.5N, 2.5N and 3.5N, temperatures at 100°C and 60 °C and time at 6, 24 and 72 hours were the major variables used to study zeolites synthesis process. The possibility of forming zeolites A, P1 and X was of particular interest in the present study. Factors, mechanism and modeling of zeolite A were investigated thoroughly in the present study. Zeolite synthesis process was evaluated using X-Ray diffraction to study different formed zeolite types and their chemical composition as well as their percentages. Morphological and physical characteristics of the produced zeolitic materials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and cation exchange capacity property, CEC. The findings indicate that hydrothermal process did not succeed in producing significant amounts of zeolites. Consequently, the CEC of the produced zeolitic materials were much below the available commercial zeolite materials. Fusing the ash prior to hydrothermal treatment successfully produced sodium aluminum silicates and sodium silicates precursors to zeolite A formation. Fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment yielded significant amounts of zeolite A, at maximum value of 38.8% with CEC up to 245.0 meq/100g, which is within the range of commercially available zeolites. Experimental design analysis performed on zeolite A synthesis showed that zeolite A formation was reproducible and equation of interaction between different used conditions was established. Mechanism of zeolite A formation was concluded to be solution transport mediated process that involved both gel and solution interaction rather than being pure solution reaction or pure gel transformation process. Solution super saturation and optimum silica/aluminum ratio were the driving force for nucleation of zeolite A.
Book Synopsis Fly Ash Zeolite Catalyst Support for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by : Adam Campen
Download or read book Fly Ash Zeolite Catalyst Support for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis written by Adam Campen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research aimed at evaluating a fly ash zeolite (FAZ) catalyst support for use in heterogeneous catalytic processes. Gas phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) over a fixed-bed of the prepared catalyst/FAZ support was identified as an appropriate process for evaluation, by comparison with commercial catalyst supports (silica, alumina, and 13X). Fly ash, obtained from the Wabash River Generating Station, was first characterized using XRD, SEM/EDS, particle size, and nitrogen sorption techniques. Then, a parametric study of a two-step alkali fusion/hydrothermal treatment process for converting fly ash to zeolite frameworks was performed by varying the alkali fusion agent, agent:flyash ratio, fusion temperature, fused ash/water solution, aging time, and crystallization time. The optimal conditions for each were determined to be NaOH, 1.4 g NaOH: 1 g fly ash, 550 °C, 200 g/L, 12 hours, and 48 hours. This robust process was applied to the fly ash to obtain a faujasitic zeolite structure with increased crystallinity (40 %) and surface area (434 m 2 /g). Following the modification of fly ash to FAZ, ion exchange of H+ for Na+ and cobalt incipient wetness impregnation were used to prepare a FTS catalyst. FTS was performed on the catalysts at 250-300 °C, 300 psi, and with a syngas ratio H2 :CO = 2. The HFAZ catalyst support loaded with 11 wt% cobalt resulted in a 75 % carbon selectivity for C5 - C18 hydrocarbons, while methane and carbon dioxide were limited to 13 and 1%, respectively. Catalyst characterization was performed by XRD, N2 sorption, TPR, and oxygen pulse titration to provide insight to the behavior of each catalyst. Overall, the HFAZ compared well with silica and 13X supports, and far exceeded the performance of the alumina support under the tested conditions. The successful completion of this research could add value to an underutilized waste product of coal combustion, in the form of catalyst supports in heterogeneous catalytic processes.
Book Synopsis Coal Geology of China by : Shifeng Dai
Download or read book Coal Geology of China written by Shifeng Dai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Coal’ and ‘China’ to some extent have become synonymous. China is by far the largest user of coal in the world. In 2016, coal production in China amounted to 3.21 billion tons, about half of the total global coal production. Coal consumption accounts for more than 65% of primary energy consumption in China. The Chinese coal industry greatly contributes to the economic development in China, the second largest economy in the world. However, periodically, ubiquitous images of smog blanketing major Chinese cities are viewed all over the world. Coal combustion is one of the important contributors to smog, which is considered to be a major environmental and human health problem for China and other countries. News stories also highlight the periodic coal mine disasters that kill hundreds of Chinese coal miners annually. The need to address these and other human health, environmental, and mine safety issues and to maximize resource recovery and use justifies a vigorous coal research effort. This book brings together experts on almost every aspect of coal geology, coal production, composition and use of the coal and its by-products, and coal’s environmental and human health impacts. The chapters in this book were originally published in a special issue of the International Geology Review.
Book Synopsis Investigation Into Fly Ash Production During Co-firing of Biomass with Pulverized Coal by : Nkongolo Muanza
Download or read book Investigation Into Fly Ash Production During Co-firing of Biomass with Pulverized Coal written by Nkongolo Muanza and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zeolite Synthesis by : Mario L. Occelli
Download or read book Zeolite Synthesis written by Mario L. Occelli and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete progress report on the various aspects of zeolite synthesis on a molecular level. It provides many examples that illustrate how zeolites can be crystallized and what the important parameters are that control crystallization. Forty-two chapters cover such topics as: crystallization techniques; gel chemistry; crystal size and morphology; the role of organic compounds; and novel synthesis procedures. It offers a complete review of zeolite synthesis as well as the latest finding in this important field. Contains benchmark contributions from many notable pioneers in the field, including R.M. Barrer, H. Robson, and Robert Milton.
Book Synopsis Properties and Application of Zeolitized Fly Ash by : Arian Steenbruggen
Download or read book Properties and Application of Zeolitized Fly Ash written by Arian Steenbruggen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis of Zeolites from South Afrian Coal Fly Ash by : Dakalo Mainganye
Download or read book Synthesis of Zeolites from South Afrian Coal Fly Ash written by Dakalo Mainganye and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion by : Ashok K. Singh
Download or read book Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion written by Ashok K. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise book with comprehensive information on coal and biomass ash generated from their combustion in thermal power plants. It presents detailed studies on ash generated from contrasting coal and biomass feedstocks, and provides a comparative evaluation of these different ashes in terms of their origin, properties, environmental hazards. Potential utilizations with specific advantages and disadvantages of the respective ashes are elaborated in detail, including some innovative means of ash utilization for value addition purposes. By addressing both the theory and commercial exploitation of these products, this book will be helpful for industrialists, academicians and researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Manufacture of Low-grade Zeolites from Fly Ash for Fertiliser Applications by : Hamzah Fansuri
Download or read book Manufacture of Low-grade Zeolites from Fly Ash for Fertiliser Applications written by Hamzah Fansuri and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
