Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309486165
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice?

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412957079
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? by : Stewart I. Donaldson

Download or read book What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? written by Stewart I. Donaldson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? is the first book of its kind to define and place into greater perspective the meaning of evidence for evaluation professionals and applied researchers. Editors Stewart I. Donaldson, Christina A. Christie, and Melvin M. Mark provide observations about the diversity and changing nature of credible evidence, include lessons from their own applied research and evaluation practice, and suggest ways in which practitioners might address the key issues and challenges of collecting credible evidence." "This book is appropriate for a wide range of courses, including Introduction to Evaluation Research, Research Methods, Evaluation Practice, Program Evaluation, Program Development and Evaluation, and evaluation courses in Social Work, Education, Public Health, and Public Policy."--BOOK JACKET.

Encyclopedia of Research Design

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Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412961270
Total Pages : 1779 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Research Design by : Neil J. Salkind

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Research Design written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 1779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases."--Publisher's description.

Introduction to Rhetorical Communication

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317347188
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Rhetorical Communication by : James C Mccroskey

Download or read book Introduction to Rhetorical Communication written by James C Mccroskey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication offers a true integration of rhetorical theory and social science approaches to public communication. This highly successful text guides students through message planning and presentation in an easy step-by-step process. An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication provides students with a solid grounding in the rhetorical tradition and the basis for developing effective messages.

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1483381420
Total Pages : 2013 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods by : Mike Allen

Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods written by Mike Allen and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 2013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version.

The Psychology of Fake News

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000179052
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Fake News by : Rainer Greifeneder

Download or read book The Psychology of Fake News written by Rainer Greifeneder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the phenomenon of fake news by bringing together leading experts from different fields within psychology and related areas, and explores what has become a prominent feature of public discourse since the first Brexit referendum and the 2016 US election campaign. Dealing with misinformation is important in many areas of daily life, including politics, the marketplace, health communication, journalism, education, and science. In a general climate where facts and misinformation blur, and are intentionally blurred, this book asks what determines whether people accept and share (mis)information, and what can be done to counter misinformation? All three of these aspects need to be understood in the context of online social networks, which have fundamentally changed the way information is produced, consumed, and transmitted. The contributions within this volume summarize the most up-to-date empirical findings, theories, and applications and discuss cutting-edge ideas and future directions of interventions to counter fake news. Also providing guidance on how to handle misinformation in an age of “alternative facts”, this is a fascinating and vital reading for students and academics in psychology, communication, and political science and for professionals including policy makers and journalists.

Quasi-Experimentation

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Author :
Publisher : Guilford Publications
ISBN 13 : 1462540201
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Quasi-Experimentation by : Charles S. Reichardt

Download or read book Quasi-Experimentation written by Charles S. Reichardt and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2019-09-02 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring engaging examples from diverse disciplines, this book explains how to use modern approaches to quasi-experimentation to derive credible estimates of treatment effects under the demanding constraints of field settings. Foremost expert Charles S. Reichardt provides an in-depth examination of the design and statistical analysis of pretest-posttest, nonequivalent groups, regression discontinuity, and interrupted time-series designs. He details their relative strengths and weaknesses and offers practical advice about their use. Reichardt compares quasi-experiments to randomized experiments and discusses when and why the former might be a better choice. Modern moethods for elaborating a research design to remove bias from estimates of treatment effects are described, as are tactics for dealing with missing data and noncompliance with treatment assignment. Throughout, mathematical equations are translated into words to enhance accessibility.

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research

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Author :
Publisher : Ravenio Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research by : Donald T. Campbell

Download or read book Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research written by Donald T. Campbell and published by Ravenio Books. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We shall examine the validity of 16 experimental designs against 12 common threats to valid inference. By experiment we refer to that portion of research in which variables are manipulated and their effects upon other variables observed. It is well to distinguish the particular role of this chapter. It is not a chapter on experimental design in the Fisher (1925, 1935) tradition, in which an experimenter having complete mastery can schedule treatments and measurements for optimal statistical efficiency, with complexity of design emerging only from that goal of efficiency. Insofar as the designs discussed in the present chapter become complex, it is because of the intransigency of the environment: because, that is, of the experimenter’s lack of complete control.

An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131734717X
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication by : James C Mccroskey

Download or read book An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication written by James C Mccroskey and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication offers a true integration of rhetorical theory and social science approaches to public communication. This highly successful text guides students through message planning and presentation in an easy step-by-step process. An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication provides students with a solid grounding in the rhetorical tradition and the basis for developing effective messages.

Planning and Executing Credible Experiments

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119532868
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Planning and Executing Credible Experiments by : Robert J. Moffat

Download or read book Planning and Executing Credible Experiments written by Robert J. Moffat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers experiment planning, execution, analysis, and reporting This single-source resource guides readers in planning and conducting credible experiments for engineering, science, industrial processes, agriculture, and business. The text takes experimenters all the way through conducting a high-impact experiment, from initial conception, through execution of the experiment, to a defensible final report. It prepares the reader to anticipate the choices faced during each stage. Filled with real-world examples from engineering science and industry, Planning and Executing Credible Experiments: A Guidebook for Engineering, Science, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, and Business offers chapters that challenge experimenters at each stage of planning and execution and emphasizes uncertainty analysis as a design tool in addition to its role for reporting results. Tested over decades at Stanford University and internationally, the text employs two powerful, free, open-source software tools: GOSSET to optimize experiment design, and R for statistical computing and graphics. A website accompanies the text, providing additional resources and software downloads. A comprehensive guide to experiment planning, execution, and analysis Leads from initial conception, through the experiment’s launch, to final report Prepares the reader to anticipate the choices faced throughout an experiment Hones the motivating question Employs principles and techniques from Design of Experiments (DoE) Selects experiment designs to obtain the most information from fewer experimental runs Offers chapters that propose questions that an experimenter will need to ask and answer during each stage of planning and execution Demonstrates how uncertainty analysis guides and strengthens each stage Includes examples from real-life industrial experiments Accompanied by a website hosting open-source software Planning and Executing Credible Experiments is an excellent resource for graduates and senior undergraduates—as well as professionals—across a wide variety of engineering disciplines.

Frederick Douglass's Curious Audiences

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135876983
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Frederick Douglass's Curious Audiences by : Terry Baxter

Download or read book Frederick Douglass's Curious Audiences written by Terry Baxter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to answer a fundamental question: How did Douglass manage to persuade anyone about the evils of slavery, and even impress viewers with his personal qualities, when his speeches were commonly considered mere entertainment, in the same category as Barnum's circus acts? In answering this question, Terry Baxter provides a means of understanding the positive responses of Frederick Douglass's white audiences and African American celebrities' roles as both objects of consumption and vehicles for social change.

Web Content Credibility

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319777947
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Web Content Credibility by : Adam Wierzbicki

Download or read book Web Content Credibility written by Adam Wierzbicki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to Web content credibility evaluation and evaluation support. It highlights empirical research and establishes a solid foundation for future research by presenting methods of supporting credibility evaluation of online content, together with publicly available datasets for reproducible experimentation, such as the Web Content Credibility Corpus. The book is divided into six chapters. After a general introduction in Chapter 1, including a brief survey of credibility evaluation in the social sciences, Chapter 2 presents definitions of credibility and related concepts of truth and trust. Next, Chapter 3 details methods, algorithms and user interfaces for systems supporting Web content credibility evaluation. In turn, Chapter 4 takes a closer look at the credibility of social media, exemplified in sections on Twitter, Q&A systems, and Wikipedia, as well as fake news detection. In closing, Chapter 5 presents mathematical and simulation models of credibility evaluation, before a final round-up of the book is provided in Chapter 6. Overall, the book reviews and synthesizes the current state of the art in Web content credibility evaluation support and fake news detection. It provides researchers in academia and industry with both an incentive and a basis for future research and development of Web content credibility evaluation support services.

Metacognitive Diversity

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198789718
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Metacognitive Diversity by : Joëlle Proust

Download or read book Metacognitive Diversity written by Joëlle Proust and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. It explores new domains of metacognitive variability and universal metacognitive features in adults and children. Throughout, it draws on current anthropological, linguistic, neuroscientific and psychological evidence.

Psychological Foundations of Attitudes

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483258513
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological Foundations of Attitudes by : Anthony G. Greenwald

Download or read book Psychological Foundations of Attitudes written by Anthony G. Greenwald and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychological Foundations of Attitudes presents various approaches and theories about attitudes. The book opens with a chapter on the development of attitude theory from 1930 to 1950. This is followed by separate chapters on the principles of the attitude-reinforcer-discriminative system; a systematic test of a learning theory analysis of interpersonal attraction; a "spread of effect" in attitude formation; Hullian learning theory; and possible origins of learned attitudinal cognitions. Subsequent chapters deal with mechanisms through which attitudes can function as both independent and dependent variables in the attitude-behavior link; and the problem of how people go about applying a summary label to their attitudes and the reciprocal effects that rating has on the content of attitude. The final chapters discuss a commodity theory that relates selective social communication to value formation; the freedoms there are in regard to attitudes; attitude change occasioned by actions which are discrepant from one's previously existing attitudes or values; and the conflict-theory approach to attitude change.

Choosing & Using Sources

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Choosing & Using Sources by :

Download or read book Choosing & Using Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choosing & Using Sources presents a process for academic research and writing, from formulating your research question to selecting good information and using it effectively in your research assignments. Additional chapters cover understanding types of sources, searching for information, and avoiding plagiarism. Each chapter includes self-quizzes and activities to reinforce core concepts and help you apply them. There are also appendices for quick reference on search tools, copyright basics, and fair use.

Understanding Citizen Journalism as Civic Participation

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351984608
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Citizen Journalism as Civic Participation by : Seungahn Nah

Download or read book Understanding Citizen Journalism as Civic Participation written by Seungahn Nah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Citizen Journalism as Civic Participation re-conceptualizes citizen journalism in the context of Habermas’s theory of the public sphere and communicative action, to examine how citizen journalism practice as civic participation may contribute to a heathier community and democracy in the civil society context. Citizen journalism has garnered growing attention owing to the participation of ordinary citizens in the performance of news production. Drawing on the authors’ decade-long collaboration on citizen journalism scholarship, this book posits a theoretical framework that relies on diverse communication perspectives to understand citizen journalism practice and its democratic consequences. This book will be of great relevance to scholars, researchers, professionals and policy makers working in the field of journalism and media studies, culture studies, and communication studies.

Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135666067
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence by : Susan R. Goldman

Download or read book Narrative Comprehension, Causality, and Coherence written by Susan R. Goldman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-08-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an excellent overview of the field of discourse processes, capturing both its breadth and its depth. World-renowned researchers present the latest theoretical developments and thought-provoking empirical data. In doing so, they cover a broad range of communicative activities, including text comprehension, conversational communication, argumentation, television or media viewing, and more. A central theme across all chapters concerns the notion that coherence determines the interpretation of the communication. The various chapters illustrate the many forms that coherence can take, and explore its role in different communicative settings.