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An Examination Of Short Run Performance Of Ipos Using Extreme Bounds Analysis
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Book Synopsis An Examination of Short-Run Performance of IPOs Using Extreme Bounds Analysis by : Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz
Download or read book An Examination of Short-Run Performance of IPOs Using Extreme Bounds Analysis written by Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the short-run performance of IPOs issued on the Karachi Stock Exchange in Pakistan. The present study extends the existing literature concentrating on the degree of underpricing over a 3-month period lasting from the listing date to the 3-month anniversary showing significant evidence of IPO underpricing. The analyses support the investors' sentiment and underwriters' prestige hypothesis but not ex-ante uncertainty. The EBA technique has been used to examine fifteen explanatory variables of IPO underpricing. The study finds that the aftermarket risk level of the IPO, the oversubscription ratio, the offer price, the return on assets, post issue promoters' holding and size of the firm are six robust determinants of IPO underpricing.
Book Synopsis Variables Influencing the Severity of IPO Underpricing: An Empirical Analysis of the German Market by : Justyna Dietrich
Download or read book Variables Influencing the Severity of IPO Underpricing: An Empirical Analysis of the German Market written by Justyna Dietrich and published by Diplomica Verlag. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underpricing refers to the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and do not set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. This study comprises a brief description of some important theoretical aspects that shape the price setting of an IPO. It focuses on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms are explained. Past research results and theories with regard to IPO underpricing will be outlined and put into relation to the upcoming analysis. This also includes the long-run performance of IPOs and deals especially with the question of whether IPOs are systematically overvalued by investors and, if so, why. The empirical analysis consists of a deduction of influencing variables and an applying theoretical model. Finally, OLS results will be presented and interpreted, which also includes practical implications for both, issuers and investors.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Short-Run Market Performance and Its Determinants Using Binary Models by : Wasantha Perera
Download or read book Evaluation of Short-Run Market Performance and Its Determinants Using Binary Models written by Wasantha Perera and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine whether Australian initial public offerings (IPOs) underprice in the short run, and to identify their determinants, this study investigated the short-run market performance of 254 IPOs listed during 2006 to 2011 by industry and year (listing and issue). To measure their short-run performance, the first listing day returns were divided into the primary market, the secondary market, and the total market. The investigation was then extended to a post-day listing analysis that included returns of up to nine trading days. To identify the determinants of short-run market performance, this study estimated binary regression models with offer, firm and market characteristics. Marginal probability analysis was also carried out to estimate the associated probability of each determinant that indicated a directional change in market performance.The study found that, overall, the Australian IPOs underpriced by 25.47% and 23.11% based on the market-adjusted average abnormal return (AAR) in the primary and total market respectively. However, the secondary market analysis indicated that the Australian IPOs overpriced by 1.55% based on the AAR. The examination of post-listing returns showed that the Australian IPOs underpriced based on the average cumulative abnormal return (CAR), and this signals that investors' wealth can be diluted in the long run. The overall results varied by industry and year. The IPO period, time to listing, LISDs, total net proceeds ratio and market volatility were the main determinants for the observed short-run performance. Marginal probability analysis also indicated that the market volatility and total net proceeds ratio had a significant effect on the directional changes of the short-run performance. The findings support Rock's hypothesis and the uncertainty hypothesis.
Book Synopsis IPO Underpricing in Germany - Empirical Analysis of Influencing Variables by : Justyna Dietrich
Download or read book IPO Underpricing in Germany - Empirical Analysis of Influencing Variables written by Justyna Dietrich and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Detected on the US market centuries ago, underpricing is the phenomenon of abnormal first-day returns from initial public offerings (IPOs). Without doubt, any US investor would agree, that one day-returns of 11.4% on average are exceptional and a worthwhile investment. Since then many studies have proven that it is a persistent phenomenon and also occurs on markets all over the world. The most puzzling question for scientists is why companies are leaving this money on the table and don t set an offering price that reflects the market demand at the offering date. Within that, researchers have also been trying to determine the factors that influence the severity of underpricing. Many different explanations with regard to the existence of underpricing have been derived thus far, with all claiming to be valid even if not exclusively. But despite this effort, research so far has not been able to create common sense. Some even argue that underpricing may not exist at all since most IPOs underperform severely in the long-run which leads some people to the conclusion that IPOs are in fact overpriced. The main focus of this paper is whether and how the findings of past research, primarily conducted for the US market, apply to the German IPO market. As a result, both investors and issuers shall receive practical implications for their decision-making within the IPO process. So far, profound underpricing research for the German market has been rather scarce. Most of the available literature concentrates either on dates before 1997 when most offering prices have been determined by using the fixed price mechanism whereas the most recent studies focus on the German stock exchange segment Neuer Markt exclusively. In contrast, this paper aims to give a more recent analysis of underpricing on the German market without distinguishing between different market segments. Additionally, a broad over-view and understanding of IPO underpricing, taking the long-run performance of IPOs into account, will be included. As a result, this paper is structured as follows: The second section consists of a description of some of the important theoretical aspects that have influence on the price setting of an IPO. It will concentrate on business valuation as it is the basis for setting the price of an IPO. Furthermore, the most common price setting mechanisms shall be explained. Additionally, the special role of the lead underwriter in the IPO [...]
Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on IPOs by : Mario Levis
Download or read book Handbook of Research on IPOs written by Mario Levis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters offer some important new insights into issues that will be of interest not only to the academic community but also to professionals involved in the preparation, structure and execution of such transactions, market regulators, and private a
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of IPOs by : Douglas Cumming
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of IPOs written by Douglas Cumming and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial public offerings (IPOs), or new listings of companies on stock exchanges, are among the most important form of finance and generate considerable attention and excitement. They are used to raise capital or to monetize investments by the early generation of venture capital and other private investors. They are increasingly international in scope and reach, especially with non-American firms offering on American stock exchanges. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of why companies list on stock exchanges, how IPOs are regulated, initially valued, and their performance in the short and long run. The first part examines the economics of IPOs, and offers statistics and regulatory insights from the United States and other countries around the world. The volume then covers mergers versus IPOs, as well as reverse mergers and special purpose acquisition companies. Part III analyzes institutional ties in IPOs, including analysts, investment banks, auditors, and venture capitalists. The fourth section provides international perspectives on IPOs from a number of countries around the world. Part V discusses alternatives to IPOs, including private marketplaces, and crowdfunding. Reflecting the range of disciplines that analyze IPOs, the contributors come from the fields of finance, international business and management, economics, and law. The chapters cover the latest information on a range of fundamental questions that are of interest to academics, practitioners, and policymakers alike.
Book Synopsis Green and Social Economy Finance by : Karen Wendt
Download or read book Green and Social Economy Finance written by Karen Wendt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green and Social Economy Finance is a compilation of chapters by experts, linking research and practice. This anthology provides a new thinking on social economy green finance, showing emerging themes and trends. It spans from stock markets, green finance, innovations, digitalization to social finance, governance and theories of change. It concentrates on impact, opportunity recognition and development of financial products designed to finance the green and social economy. Without the attraction of capital, social entrepreneurship, and innovations, green finance can face difficulty in addressing business solutions. Green and social economy is a nascent field. The authors address the conceptualization of green and social solutions and identify new trends in the finance industry products and approaches. The book demonstrates that aligning finance and investment with the Paris Agreement, sustainable development goals and needs and interests of society are feasible.
Book Synopsis Pricing and Performance of Initial Public Offerings in the United States by : Arvin Ghosh
Download or read book Pricing and Performance of Initial Public Offerings in the United States written by Arvin Ghosh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely volume on newly emerging financial mar- kets and investment strategies, Arvin Ghosh explores the intriguing topic of initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities, among the most significant phenomena in the United States stock markets in recent years. Before the 2000-2001 market turndown, hardly a week went by when more than a few companies did not become public, either in the organized stock exchange or in the Over the Counter (OTC) market. In the often over-burdened, technology-heavy Nasdaq market, the role of IPOs was crucial for the market's new vigor and growth. Internet stocks were able to find a mode to supply key momentum to the market. In the so-called "New Economy" of the 1990s, it was the seductively accessible IPO that ushered in the world's information technology revolution.Ghosh sets out to examine the pricing and financial performance of IPOs in the United States during the period 1990-2001. In the opening chapter he discusses the rise and fall of IPOs in the preceding decade. Chapter 2 further delineates the IPO process from the start of the prospectus to the end of the "quiet period" and aftermarket stabilization. In chapter 3 Ghosh analyzes the mispricing and deliberately deceptive underpricing, or "flipping," of Internet IPOs. Chapter 4 delves deeper into the pricing and operating efficiency of Nasdaq IPOs. Chapter 5 analyzes the pricing and long-run performance of IPOs both in the New York Stock Exchange and in the Nasdaq markets. In chapters 6 and 7 the author deals with the pricing and performance of the venture-blocked and nonventure-backed IPOs in general and Internet IPOs in particular. In chapter 8 he analyzes the role of underwriters as market makers. In chapter 9 Ghosh discusses the accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts. In the concluding chapter, he summarizes the principal findings of the study and the recent revival of the IPO market and its place in capital formation as well as the latest developments in t
Book Synopsis Short-Run Price Performance of IPOs and Corporate Governance Practices by : S.M.R.K. Samarakoon
Download or read book Short-Run Price Performance of IPOs and Corporate Governance Practices written by S.M.R.K. Samarakoon and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The short-run price performance of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) indicates that the prices are often underpriced which is widely documented as a universal phenomenon. This phenomenon was first documented in the finance literature by Stoll and Curley (1970), Logue (1973) and Ibbotson (1975). To test the underpricing phenomenon, most researchers used the first listing day average return (Chan, Wang & Wei 2004; Chang et al. 2008; Dimovski & Brooks 2005; Finn & Higham 1988; Ibbotson, Sindelar & Ritter 1994; Lee, Taylor & Walter 1996; Loughran & Schultz 2006; Moshirian, Ng & Wu 2010; Omran 2005; Ritter 1987). Corporate governance refers to the set of systems, principles, and processes by which a company is governed. Establishing good corporate governance system in an IPO company makes good decisions which attract more outside investors.. Therefore, this study examines whether there is any impact of corporate governance practices on the short-run price performance of Sri Lankan IPOs. The study examined 44 fixed price IPOs which were listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) during the period of 2003 - January to 2015- December. The study found that Sri Lankan IPOs underprice by 30% on AR, which is statistically significant at 5% level. Further, it found that block holder ownership (ownership concentration), CEO duality and existence of the non-executive directors in the board are positively related to the short-run underpricing, which are statistically significant at 5%. But, the board size has a significant negative impact on underpricing. These relationships are in line with the international literature, which confirms that the corporate governance practices have a significant impact on the short-run price performance of IPOs in Sri Lanka. This findings also support the agency and signaling theories.
Book Synopsis A Survey of the European IPO Market by :
Download or read book A Survey of the European IPO Market written by and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2006 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Empirical Evidence on IPO-Underpricing by : Marius Hamer
Download or read book Empirical Evidence on IPO-Underpricing written by Marius Hamer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schlo Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 80 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at establishing a link between the average level of initial return of IPO shares, existing underpricing explanations and the dot-com bubble. In years prior to the boom of the new economy, underpricing was explained by various theories, which have extensively been developed since decades. However, in the years 1998 to 2001 IPOs were overly underpriced, leading to assumptions about behavioural aspects and investor irrationality. Analysing a comprehensive dataset of 371 IPOs on the Frankfurter B rse between 1997 and 2007, this paper aims at providing evidence that the observed lower levels of initial returns in recent years can indeed be aligned with existing theories on the basis of rational behaviour of market participants. Firstly, the IPO process and its major participants will be presented followed by a review of relevant studies on the IPO phenomenon. In the next step, established underpricing theories are recapitulated. A descriptive analysis of the data sample points out the particularities concerning the company and transaction characteristics of the sample firms. In a last step, a regression analysis relates various proxies for information asymmetry to established underpricing theories. It gives reason to believe that the irrationality at the turn of the century has vanished and that underpricing can again be explained by established theories.
Book Synopsis Short-Run Underpricing and its Characteristics in Chinese IPO Markets by : Carol Padgett
Download or read book Short-Run Underpricing and its Characteristics in Chinese IPO Markets written by Carol Padgett and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the short-run performance of Chinese privatization initial public offerings (PIPOs), using data on 668 new issues on both the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2000. We find that the average market-adjusted initial returns on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 20th trading days are 129.16%, 126.93%, 126.93% and 124.95%. We use cross-sectional analysis to explain the extraordinarily severe underpricing of Chinese IPOs, and find that IPO underpricing is primarily explained by the high demand caused by the quota system, and the high proportion of uninformed individual investors. Estimation results show that the Information Asymmetry Hypothesis explains the underpricing in Chinese IPO markets well, while the Signalling Hypothesis does not. In terms of government behaviour, the government does not send signals to the market on the quality of the issuers by underpricing, but it does capture the market opportunities to time IPOS to get the best market feedback on offerings. In addition, government ownership has a negative impact on the underpricing, which shows that privatization is welcomed by investors.
Book Synopsis The Phenomenon of IPO Underpricing in the European and U.S. Stock Markets by : Oliver Reiche
Download or read book The Phenomenon of IPO Underpricing in the European and U.S. Stock Markets written by Oliver Reiche and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 2.3, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Energy & Finance, language: English, abstract: The Initial Public Offering (IPO) which marks one the most important events of a company basically aims to generate maximum proceeds by selling company’s shares to investors. Nevertheless, the shares they sell often seem to be underpriced, insofar that the price significantly soars on the first trading day. Consequently, the company generates fewer proceeds and, hence “leaves money on the table.” Since the very first detection of this phenomenon in the United States in 1969, several subsequent studies documented the existence of worldwide IPO underpricing nowadays. Considering that underpricing is costly for the company, a question arises why, therefore, despite the fact that the companies “leave money on the table”, they do not try to avoid this by setting the issuing price on the very high? One of the most striking features of this question is that it had inspired many researchers who tried to explain in various models why IPOs are generally underpriced. Besides, a lot of theoretical explanations concerning this phenomenon have been given by now; however, no common sense has been so far developed.[...]
Download or read book Going Public written by Tim Jenkinson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going Public investigates why companies routinely underprice themselves as they try to list themselves on the stock exchange. They subsequently underperform over the long-term and, in Going Public, the authors explore these 2 phenomena in plain English.
Book Synopsis Why Does Underperformance of IPOs in the Long-Run Become Debatable? A Theoretical Review by : Wasantha Perera
Download or read book Why Does Underperformance of IPOs in the Long-Run Become Debatable? A Theoretical Review written by Wasantha Perera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior studies have examined IPO market performance in two different periods -- short run and long run -- in terms of two phenomena: the underpricing or short-run market phenomenon and the underperformance or long-run market phenomenon. To find out the possible theoretical reasons for the underperformance phenomenon, this study reviews the past literature on the long-run market performance of IPOs. The evidence on long-run underperformance of IPOs is not as widespread as that of short-run underpricing of IPOs. Some researchers have found that IPOs underperform marginally or have no abnormal performance in the long run; thus, they do not reject the market efficiency hypothesis in the long run. Others have reported that IPOs overperform or do not underperform in the long-run market. Still others have argued that underperformance disappears when different performance measures or methodologies are used. The rest have found that IPOs underperform considerably in the long-run IPO market. However, the long-run underperformance of IPOs is a debatable issue among financial researchers because of their studies' conflicting results and controversial findings.
Book Synopsis An Empirical Analysis of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Performance by : Zachary Smith
Download or read book An Empirical Analysis of Initial Public Offering (IPO) Performance written by Zachary Smith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, researchers have disagreed about the magnitude and predictability of abnormal securities' price performance generated by initial public offerings (IPOs). The purpose of this study was to identify the best specified and most powerful method of abnormal performance detection and to apply this method to examine the price performance of IPOs. Matched by size, industry, and book-to-market ratios this study explored which of the resulting seven matched-portfolio and matched-firm methods of abnormal performance detection produced the best specified and most powerful test statistics. Additionally, this study analyzes IPO price performance to determine if IPOs generate abnormal performance. This analysis was conducted using the event study methodology along with the buy and hold abnormal return (BHAR) method of calculating abnormal returns. The findings were that (a) all of the matched-firm methods of abnormal performance detection were well specified and powerful (matching by industry affiliation generated the best power and specification results) and (b) that the IPOs generated statistically significant abnormal price performances occurring in: (a) short-term analyses, (b) longer-term analyses, and (c) analyses of the lockup and quiet periods.
Book Synopsis The Performance and Long-Run Characteristics of the Chinese IPO Market by : Carol Padgett
Download or read book The Performance and Long-Run Characteristics of the Chinese IPO Market written by Carol Padgett and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the short-run and long-run performance of Chinese privatization initial public offerings (PIPOs), using data for 340 and 409 new issues on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges respectively, from 1 January 1996 through 31 December 1997. The average market-adjusted initial return is found to be 127.31%, and the initial returns on both stock exchanges are not significantly different from each other. The average market-adjusted buy and hold return over the three years after listing is 10.26%, which is significantly different from zero at the 1% level. We then use cross-sectional analysis to explain the long-run supernormal performance of Chinese PIPOs, and find that government ownership, the offering size and the feature of belonging to a high-tech industry are the main determinants of the long-run performance. In addition, firms that perform better in the long-run tend to make more Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs), and the underpricing of IPOs is negatively related to their long-run performance.
