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Alcohol Expectancies Alcohol Use And Risky Behavior Among College Students
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Book Synopsis Alcohol Expectancies, Alcohol Use, and Risky Behavior Among College Students by : Elizabeth Rachel Swinehart
Download or read book Alcohol Expectancies, Alcohol Use, and Risky Behavior Among College Students written by Elizabeth Rachel Swinehart and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "College students' alcohol expectancies, perceptions of risk, alcohol use, and risk behavior were examined. In line with existing research, alcohol expectancies were predicted to explain risky behavior, and risk perceptions were hypothesized to predict alcohol use. Theoretically relevant interactions were also explored. Participants completed questionnaires assessing alcohol use, risky behavior participation, alcohol expectancies, and perceptions of risk. As hypothesized, expectancies predicted alcohol use and risky behavior, but risk perceptions were not significantly related to risky behavior and marginally related to alcohol use. Nevertheless, the relationship between risk perception and alcohol use was stronger for males than females. Implications and future directions for investigation are discussed."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Expectancy Challenge Presentation in Reducing High-risk Alcohol Use Among Greek Affiliated College Students by : Abigail Fried
Download or read book Evaluation of an Expectancy Challenge Presentation in Reducing High-risk Alcohol Use Among Greek Affiliated College Students written by Abigail Fried and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol consumption and on college campuses has long been a significant problem. The severity of the situation and lack of effective alcohol programming on college campuses warranted the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to commission a Task Force on College Drinking in 2002, which has been vital in revealing drinking patterns and negative consequences which are specific to the college environment. The Task Force proposed three strategies that were empirically validated for prevention and intervention in the college setting. Of the three recommendations, implementing cognitive behavioral skills training and offering motivational enhancement interventions, while proven effective are costly and time consuming to implement. The final strategy recommended, challenging alcohol expectancies, has been validated for use in a group setting making it a more viable option for reaching larger audiences. Within the college environment there are certain factors that have shown to be important in influencing college students' drinking behaviors, attitudes toward drinking, and alcohol related negative consequences. Specifically, membership in a fraternity or sorority has revealed a unique predictor of risky drinking behavior and an increased risk of suffering from negative consequences related to alcohol. The purpose of the present study was to implement an expectancy-based presentation in Greek chapter houses to alter expectancies and decrease risky drinking behavior. Alcohol expectancies were measured before and immediately after the presentation. Alcohol consumption was also assessed in a self-report measure of drinking for the 30 days prior to the presentation as well as 30 days following it. Analyses revealed significant reductions in positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption on measures of quantity (average drinks per sitting), frequency (average drinking days per week), and heavy episodic drinking (average weekly peak blood alcohol content). Therefore, the structure and effectiveness of the current intervention program proves extremely useful and practical for widespread implementation in Greek chapter houses across all college campuses.
Book Synopsis College Drinking and Drug Use by : Helene Raskin White
Download or read book College Drinking and Drug Use written by Helene Raskin White and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-11-14 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substance use among college students can result in serious academic and safety problems and have long-term negative repercussions. This state-of-the-art volume draws on the latest research on students' alcohol and drug use to provide useful suggestions for how to address this critical issue on college campuses. Leading researchers from multiple disciplines examine the prevalence and nature of substance use by students; biological and neuropsychological considerations; psychological and social aspects; prevention; and policy. Exemplary programs are presented -- including brief interventions, comprehensive prevention programs, and recovery support programs -- enhancing the utility of the book for campus-based clinicians and administrators. This title is part of The Duke Series in Child Development and Public Policy, edited by Kenneth A. Dodge and Martha Putallaz.
Book Synopsis The Role of Self-esteem in the Alcohol Risk Process of College Students by : Sarah L. Pedersen
Download or read book The Role of Self-esteem in the Alcohol Risk Process of College Students written by Sarah L. Pedersen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on self-esteem's role in the alcohol risk process has been inconclusive. Alcohol expectancy research has increasingly examined factors, such as environmental context or personality traits that may activate the expectancies people hold for drinking. One potential role self-esteem may play in the alcohol risk process is as an individual difference characteristic that activates alcohol expectancies. Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely to make internal rather than external attributions for success in social contexts and are more likely to disregard information about potential negative consequences that can occur from engaging in risky behavior. In the present study, we hypothesized that high self-esteem would decrease the association of both positive (social) and negative alcohol expectancies with drinking behavior. Participants were 420 college age youth (mean age = 19.49, SD = 1.48). Regression analyses indicated a significant interaction between global self-esteem and negative alcohol expectancies. Contrary to hypothesis, these findings indicate that individuals with high self-esteem are more likely to act in accordance with their negative expectancies about drinking. These results provide evidence that self-esteem may influence the salience or activation of specific alcohol outcome expectancies.
Book Synopsis Alcohol Consumption and Risky Sexual Behavior amongst Adolescents and Young Adults by : Patrick Kimuyu
Download or read book Alcohol Consumption and Risky Sexual Behavior amongst Adolescents and Young Adults written by Patrick Kimuyu and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In retrospect, substance use and sexual activity are quite common amongst adolescents and young adults. As such, it is emerging that sexual health amongst adolescents and young adults is seemingly becoming a significance public health challenge. Owing to the high rates of risky sexual behavior and alcohol use amongst adolescents and young adults, extensive scientific inquiry has focused on investigating the consequences of these issues. Of concern has been the correlation between the co-occurrence of alcohol use and risky sexual behavior with the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. It is also worth noting that alcohol use has a negative influence on protection against STDs because it impairs the use of protective barriers. Given that adolescents and young adults exhibit a high tendency of sexual risk taking, alcohol use exacerbates the issue of risky sexual behaviors in these groups. Morrison et al. claim that teenagers in the US “do not consistently protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or unintended pregnancy”. This explains the magnitude of the problem. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive critical analysis on the correlation between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors amongst the young adults and adolescents. It will also discuss the consequences associated with alcohol use and risky sexual behavior amongst these groups.
Book Synopsis Sex-related Alcohol Expectancies, Alcohol Consumption, and Risky Sexual Behavior Among African American College Women by : Danielle Patrice Frilot Cottonham
Download or read book Sex-related Alcohol Expectancies, Alcohol Consumption, and Risky Sexual Behavior Among African American College Women written by Danielle Patrice Frilot Cottonham and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American college women are experiencing sex-related negative consequences (e.g., contracting sexually transmitted diseases or human immunodeficiency virus, having an unplanned pregnancy) at disproportionate rates in comparison to Caucasian college women. Furthermore, African American college women are likely engaging in risky sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected anal, vaginal, oral sex) that may be placing them at a greater risk for experiencing sex-related negative consequences. Research suggests that increased alcohol consumption is predictive of more risky sexual behavior among college women. Additionally, sex-related alcohol expectancies, or beliefs about the effects of alcohol on sexual behavior, are positively associated with increased alcohol consumption and risky sexual behavior and therefore, may attenuate the association alcohol use has with risky sexual behaviors among African American college women. Because of the underrepresentation of African American college women in research examining the aforementioned factors, the purpose of the present study was to examine the link between sex-related alcohol expectancies (i.e., enhancement, sexual risk taking, disinhibition), alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behaviors exclusively among a sample of African American college women at a midsized Southern university. Multiple and hierarchical linear regression analyses yielded the following results: (a) enhancement sex-related alcohol expectancies predicted increased risky sexual behavior, (b) sex-related alcohol expectancies did not predict increased alcohol consumption and (c) did not moderate the relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviors. Clinical and research implications will be discussed. --Page ii.
Book Synopsis Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism by : Kenneth E. Leonard
Download or read book Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism written by Kenneth E. Leonard and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-05-21 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updating and expanding the classic Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism, this fully revised second edition incorporates state-of-the-art presentations from leaders in the alcoholism field. Contributors review established and emerging approaches that guide research into the psychological processes influencing drinking and alcoholism. The volume's multidisciplinary approach also takes into account biological, pharmacological, and social factors, offering important insights into the development and escalation of drinking problems and the various approaches to treatment. Including significantly expanded coverage of developmental, social learning, and cognitive theories, the book features new chapters on genetics, neurobiology, and emotions.
Book Synopsis Reducing Underage Drinking by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Underage Drinking written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-26 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks â€" and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of an Expectnacy [sic] Challenge Curriculum in Reducing High Risk Alcohol Use Among College Students when Modified for Large Classes by : Amy Marie Schreiner
Download or read book Evaluation of an Expectnacy [sic] Challenge Curriculum in Reducing High Risk Alcohol Use Among College Students when Modified for Large Classes written by Amy Marie Schreiner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol consumption has repeatedly been recognized as the primary public health concern impacting students on college campuses. In response to the prevalence of risky alcohol use and lack of effective response among colleges and universities, the National Advisory Council of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism created a task force to review the relevant research literature on alcohol interventions to advise college administrators on effective program implementation and evaluation as well as provide recommendations for future research directions. Only three strategies met criteria for Tier 1 designation (empirical support specifically with college students) and two of these strategies are intensive and time-consuming individual methods. The third Tier 1 strategy, challenging alcohol expectancies, was the only method that was validated for administration in a group setting. For widespread utility of expectancy-based prevention strategies, effective interventions must be developed for delivery in typical settings. The focus of the present study was to modify an existing classroom curriculum designed to alter expectancy processes of college students for use in classroom settings of 100+ students as they have become the typical class size in college and university settings. The modified expectancy curriculum was implemented in a single session with students during their actual classes. Measures of alcohol consumption and alcohol related harms were collected anonymously for the 30 days prior and the 30 days following the curriculum. Measures of alcohol expectancies were also collected anonymously immediately prior and immediately following the curriculum. Analyses revealed significant reductions in average drinks per sitting males and key expectancy changes for both males and females. A low number of high-risk drinkers led to further exploratory analyses with the exclusion of a proportion of the lighter drinkers in the sample. These analyses revealed significant decreases in average drinks per sitting and peak drinks per sitting for both males and females. There were no significant changes in alcohol related harms. This study represents an important extension of expectancy-based interventions for a college population. An intervention that began as a multi-session, time and resource intensive protocol for a small group of participants has been successfully modified for use with groups of 100+ people. The current protocol can be given to this large a group in a single session curriculum that can be delivered in any standard classroom.
Book Synopsis Alcohol Problems Among Adolescents by : Gayle M. Boyd
Download or read book Alcohol Problems Among Adolescents written by Gayle M. Boyd and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol misuse presents a major risk for health and well-being throughout the life-span, but youth have a special vulnerability. Alcohol is the most widely used drug by adolescents. For some, this may be one or two isolated occasions of youthful experimentation; for others, the use becomes excessive, placing them in danger of immediate adverse consequences such as accidental injury and alcohol poisoning, or encouraging other high-risk behavior patterns including unprotected sex. Moreover, a pattern of heavy drinking established in adolescence and young adulthood may continue into an adult pattern of alcohol abuse. Concerned communities and institutions across the nation are tackling the problem of alcohol use and abuse by young people. Research-based knowledge is urgently needed to inform these efforts and to ensure that limited prevention resources are used as effectively as possible. The origins of youthful alcohol use and abuse are found within the complex interplay of individual characteristics, family and peer influences, the larger societal context for alcohol use, environmental conditions, and maturational processes that accompany adolescence. This volume, which began as a special issue of the Journal of Research on Adolescence, contains all of the material from the journal issue plus additional chapters. It helps researchers to meet the tremendous challenge of disentangling the key determinants of risk, and developing effective interventions. Primary sources of influence on youthful alcohol use are described, ranging from individual expectancies about alcohol effects and cognitive decision processes to parenting practices, peer influences, social environments, and economic factors; and a corresponding range of prevention interventions is discussed. This book will serve as a primer to those with an interest in developing and improving effective programs and activities to reduce alcohol-related problems among young people. For those engaged in prevention research, the text will provide useful reviews and current findings that should aid in directing future research activities.
Book Synopsis The Assessment of Personality and the Relationship Between Alcohol Use, Negative Consequences, and Alcohol Expectancies Among Community College Students by : Lindsay M. Meyer
Download or read book The Assessment of Personality and the Relationship Between Alcohol Use, Negative Consequences, and Alcohol Expectancies Among Community College Students written by Lindsay M. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly two thirds of full-time college students report alcohol use (Hingson, 2009). Previous research has identified risk factors that place college students at higher risk for problematic alcohol use (Hingson, 2009; Johnston et al., 2003; Marlatt et al., 2002). The present study examined the relationship between three personality traits, alcohol expectancies, alcohol consumption, and negative consequences of drinking among community college students.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Adolescent Substance Abuse by : Robert A. Zucker
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Adolescent Substance Abuse written by Robert A. Zucker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescent substance abuse is the nation's #1 public health problem. It originates out of a developmental era where experimentation with the world is increasingly taking place, and where major changes in physical self and social relationships are taking place. These changes cannot be understood by any one discipline nor can they be described by focusing only on the behavioral and social problems of this age period, the characteristics of normal development, or the pharmacology and addictive potential of specific drugs. They require knowledge of the brain's systems of reward and control, genetics, psychopharmacology, personality, child development, psychopathology, family dynamics, peer group relationships, culture, social policy, and more. Drawing on the expertise of the leading researchers in this field, this Handbook provides the most comprehensive summarization of current knowledge about adolescent substance abuse. The Handbook is organized into eight sections covering the literature on the developmental context of this life period, the epidemiology of adolescent use and abuse, similarities and differences in use, addictive potential, and consequences of use for different drugs; etiology and course as characterized at different levels of mechanistic analysis ranging from the genetic and neural to the behavioural and social. Two sections cover the clinical ramifications of abuse, and prevention and intervention strategies to most effectively deal with these problems. The Handbook's last section addresses the role of social policy in framing the problem, in addressing it, and explores its potential role in alleviating it.
Book Synopsis Alcohol Use and Expectations Among College Freshmen by :
Download or read book Alcohol Use and Expectations Among College Freshmen written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of hazardous drinking is not decreasing but remaining relatively high and stable on college campuses (Johnston, O'Malley, & Bachman, 1997). Past research has found that use and abuse of alcohol has profound negative consequences among college students, especially those who drink hazardously (Wechsler, Lee, Gledhill-Hoyt, & Nelson, 2001). In addition, there are a number of psychological, social, and environmental factors that influence or contribute to alcohol use among college students (Quigley & Marlatt, 1996). More specifically, alcohol expectations have been found to mediate the association between drinking triggers and decisions to drink alcohol (Annis & Davis, 1989). Positive expectancies have been found to be more predictive of alcohol use than negative expectancies (Stacy,Wildaman, & Marlatt, 1990). This study explored patterns of reported alcohol use and expectations about alcohol among 155 undergraduate freshmen students at a private Midwest liberal arts college. Participants were recruited for this study through twenty freshmen studies classes during the fall semester of 2001. Participants completed the Alcohol Use Identification Disorders Test (AUDIT), Alcohol Expectancies Questionnaire (AEQ and the Alcohol Effects Questionnaire-Self version (AEQ-S, which is identical to the AEFQ). Fifty-two point three percent of this sample of freshmen students were hazardous drinkers. The discovery that the majority of the sample entered college with pre-established patterns of hazardous alcohol use that put them at risk was surprising and raised several concerns. Independent t-tests revealed that hazardous drinkers had a pattern of alcohol expectations that differentiated them from non-hazardous drinkers. Hazardous drinkers held significantly more positive expectations about alcohol use for others (i.e., alcohol makes Suzie more fun) and themselves (i.e., alcohol makes me have more fun) compared to non-hazardous drinkers. This means that 52.3% of the freshmen sample were highly motivated to continue their hazardous drinking behavior. Thus, this study offered tremendous support for the implementation of prevention and intervention programs regarding alcohol use on college campuses. Recommendations for prevention and interventions programs are suggested in order to decrease hazardous alcohol use on college campuses.
Book Synopsis How Do Alcohol Expectancies Interact with Personality Type and Culture to Mediate Alcohol Use in College-age Students? by : Jennifer Y. Chen
Download or read book How Do Alcohol Expectancies Interact with Personality Type and Culture to Mediate Alcohol Use in College-age Students? written by Jennifer Y. Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study contributes new literature to the small, but growing body of research regarding Asian-American college drinking. This study sought to discover how ethnicity mediates the relationship between alcohol expectancies, personality traits, and alcohol use. Participants were 843 incoming freshman at a private university who self-identified as either Caucasian (78.8%) or Asian (21.2%). Participants were asked to complete a demographics questionnaire, the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS), and the Alcohol Expectancy Inventory (AEI). Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in rates of heavy episodic drinking. One-way MANCOVAs were used to examine differences in alcohol expectancies, and one-way ANCOVAs were used to examine personality traits between the two ethnicities. Lastly, path analyses using logistic regression and multiple regression models were used to identify pathways to alcohol use with ethnicity as a potential mediating variable. Results indicate that Asians drank less than Caucasians, initiated drinking at a later age, and abstained more from alcohol compared to their Caucasian counterparts. For those that reported drinking behavior in the past 90 days, 55.8% of Caucasians met criteria for HED, compared to 34.0% of Asians. Although Asians had far less HED behavior, there were no significant differences in alcohol expectancies or personality sensitivities between the two ethnicities. The results highlight that Asian-American college students, who have generally been labeled as "model minorities", may activate the same expectancies as Caucasian college students. Ethnicity was found to be a mediating variable between the Social, Woozy, and Dangerous expectancies and alcohol use, but was not a mediator for the other five expectancies. Attractive and Woozy expectancies were found to be significant mediators between behavioral activation sensitivities and alcohol use. Dangerous, Sick, and Egotistical expectancies were found to be significant mediators between behavioral inhibition sensitivities and alcohol use. Although these two groups share similar factors predictive of alcohol use, these findings demonstrate that there are nuanced differences in how ethnicity is a mediating factor between expectancies (social, woozy, dangerous), personality traits, and alcohol use. College prevention and intervention efforts should be focused on culturally-sensitive programs targeting specific expectancies.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the Future, National Survey Results on Drug Use by :
Download or read book Monitoring the Future, National Survey Results on Drug Use written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examining the Relationship Between Alcohol Expectancies and Behavioral Economic Theory by : Tatiana Danielle Magri
Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Alcohol Expectancies and Behavioral Economic Theory written by Tatiana Danielle Magri and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PURPOSE: Alcohol consumption and related problems are common among college students. Prior research links behavioral economic constructs of alcohol demand (relative valuation of alcohol; analyzed using area under the curve) and relative reinforcement (RR; proportionate reinforcement obtained from alcohol-related activities relative to other activities), as well as alcohol expectancies, with alcohol consumption and problems. However, research has yet to examine the associations between behavioral economic and expectancy theories or how they influence alcohol use outcomes. METHOD: College students who endorsed drinking in the past 30 days (n= 287) completed an online survey assessing demand, RR, alcohol expectancies, alcohol problems, and alcohol use. A test of indirect effects examined the impact of alcohol expectancies and alcohol use on the association between demand and alcohol problems, as well as the association between RR and alcohol problems. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The final model showed adequate fit. There were significant positive associations between demand, RR, and alcohol problems. Higher demand and RR were associated with stronger alcohol expectancies, which partially mediated the association between demand and RR and alcohol problems. Findings suggest that demand and RR may be directly related to alcohol expectancies; a relationship that has not been previously identified. Moreover, alcohol expectancies may serve as the functional mechanism linking demand and RR to alcohol problems. Thus, alcohol expectancies may be an important intervention target for reducing alcohol problems. Future intervention research is needed to evaluate if changes in expectancies attenuate the association between demand and RR to alcohol problems.
Book Synopsis Impaired Decision Making as a Risk Factor for College Student Drinking by : Dana Figlock
Download or read book Impaired Decision Making as a Risk Factor for College Student Drinking written by Dana Figlock and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether impairment on neuropsychological measures of decision making predicts increased alcohol use among college students. It was hypothesized that poorer performance on measures of decision making would predict linear increase on indicators of alcohol consumption across the first year of college. An additional aim was to assess whether established risk factors for college student drinking would moderate the association between decision making abilities and increased alcohol consumption, with the expectation that decision making would be more strongly associated with escalation in alcohol use for participants that are male, have a family history of alcohol abuse, report a longer history of pre-college alcohol use, hold more positive alcohol expectancies, and are more impulsive. Aims were pursued in a relatively homogeneous sample of first year college students (N = 136), using a prospective, longitudinal design in which decision making and drinking were assessed at three time-points during the first year of college. Participants additionally provided sociodemographic information and completed self-report impulsivity and alcohol expectancy questionnaires at each assessment. Results showed that drinking and associated negative consequences increased over time during the participants first year in college. However, there was generally little support for the hypotheses that poor decision making abilities are a risk factor for increased alcohol consumption, and that the association is moderated by established risk factors for drinking. Results suggest the need to consider whether drinking is indeed indicative of impaired decision making and underscore the importance of including other factors, especially perceived benefits and influence of social pressure, in models of decision making striving to predict drinking among college students.
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