Alaska Marine Mammal Stock Assessments 1999

Author : Marcia Muto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (992 download)

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Download or read book Alaska Marine Mammal Stock Assessments, 2016 written by Marcia Muto and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On 30 April 1994, Public Law 103-238 was enacted allowing significant changes to provisions within the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). Interactions between marine mammals and commercial fisheries are addressed under three new sections. This new regime replaced the interim exemption that has regulated fisheriesrelated incidental takes since 1988. Section 117, Stock Assessments, required the establishment of three regional scientific review groups to advise and report on the status of marine mammal stocks within Alaska waters, along the Pacific Coast (including Hawaii), and the Atlantic Coast (including the Gulf of Mexico). This report provides information on the marine mammal stocks of Alaska under the jurisdiction of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Each stock assessment includes, when available, a description of the stock’s geographic range; a minimum population estimate; current population trends; current and maximum net productivity rates; optimum sustainable population levels and allowable removal levels; estimates of annual human-caused mortality and serious injury through interactions with commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries, takes by subsistence hunters, and other human-caused events (e.g., entanglement in marine debris, ship strikes); and habitat concerns. The commercial fishery interaction data will be used to evaluate the progress of each fishery towards achieving the MMPA’s goal of zero fishery-related mortality and serious injury of marine mammals. The Stock Assessment Reports should be considered working documents, as they are updated as new information becomes available. The Alaska Stock Assessment Reports were originally developed in 1995 (Small and DeMaster 1995). Revisions have been published for the following years: 1996 (Hill et al. 1997), 1998 (Hill and DeMaster 1998), 1999 (Hill and DeMaster 1999), 2000 (Ferrero et al. 2000), 2001 (Angliss et al. 2001), 2002 (Angliss and Lodge 2002), 2003 (Angliss and Lodge 2004), 2005 (Angliss and Outlaw 2005), 2006 (Angliss and Outlaw 2007), 2007 (Angliss and Outlaw 2008), 2008 (Angliss and Allen 2009), 2009 (Allen and Angliss 2010), 2010 (Allen and Angliss 2011), 2011 (Allen and Angliss 2012), 2012 (Allen and Angliss 2013), 2013 (Allen and Angliss 2014), 2014 (Allen and Angliss 2015), and 2015 (Muto et al. 2016). Each Stock Assessment Report is designed to stand alone and is updated as new information becomes available. The MMPA requires Stock Assessment Reports to be reviewed annually for stocks designated as strategic, annually for stocks where there is significant new information available, and at least once every 3 years for all other stocks. New information for all strategic stocks (Western U.S. Steller sea lions, northern fur seals, Cook Inlet beluga whales, AT1 Transient killer whales, harbor porpoise, sperm whales, humpback whales, fin whales, North Pacific right whales, and bowhead whales) was reviewed in 2015-2016. This review, and a review of other stocks, led to the revision of the following stock assessments for the 2016 document: Western U.S. and Eastern U.S. stocks of Steller sea lions; northern fur seals; bearded seals; ringed seals; Cook Inlet beluga whales; narwhals; Eastern North Pacific (ENP) Alaska Resident, ENP Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Bering Sea Transient, and AT1 Transient stocks of killer whales; Southeast Alaska, Gulf of Alaska, and Bering Sea stocks of harbor porpoise; sperm whales; Western North Pacific and Central North Pacific stocks of humpback whales; fin whales; North Pacific right whales, and bowhead whales. The Stock Assessment Reports for all stocks, however, are included in this document to provide a complete reference. Those sections of each Stock Assessment Report containing significant changes are listed in Appendix 1. The authors solicit any new information or comments which would improve future Stock Assessment Reports. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has management authority for polar bears, sea otters, and walruses. Copies of the stock assessments for these species are included in Appendix 8 of this NMFS Stock Assessment Report for your convenience. Ideas and comments from the Alaska Scientific Review Group (SRG) have significantly improved this document from its draft form. The authors wish to express their gratitude for the thorough reviews and helpful guidance provided by the Alaska Scientific Review Group members: Karl Haflinger, Lloyd Lowry (Chair from 2012 to 2016), Beth Mathews, Craig Matkin, Mike Miller, Grey Pendleton, Robert Small, Kate Stafford, Robert Suydam, David Tallmon, and Kate Wynne. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions from the NMFS Alaska Region and the Communications Program of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The information contained within the individual Stock Assessment Reports stems from a variety of sources. Where feasible, we have attempted to utilize only published material. When citing information contained in this document, authors are reminded to cite the original publications, when possible"--Preface. [doi:10.7289/V5/TM-AFSC-355 (https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-AFSC-355)]