Agriculture Nutrition Linkages In Tajikistan Evidence From Household Survey Data

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Agriculture–nutrition linkages in Tajikistan: Evidence from household survey data

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture–nutrition linkages in Tajikistan: Evidence from household survey data by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Download or read book Agriculture–nutrition linkages in Tajikistan: Evidence from household survey data written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Tajikistan, the poorest country in the Central Asia region and one of the poorest in the world, food consumption patterns remain inadequate for a significant share of the population. Undernutrition and child stunting, among other outcomes, remain prevalent. At the same time, overnutrition and obesity are becoming increasingly serious. Using pooled cross-section datasets collected in 2007 and 2015 from farm households in Khatlon province (the major agricultural area in Tajikistan), we investigate how key agricultural production practices (APPs) (household-level production diversification, land productivity, and production scale) are associated with household-level and individual-level nutritional outcomes, including dietary diversity and children’s and women’s anthropometric outcomes. We find that, in rural Khatlon, these APPs are positively associated with various nutritional outcomes at the household level. Furthermore, applying the methodologies of Lee (1979), Maddala (1983), and Björklund and Moffitt (1987), we find that a different set of factors affects the unobserved returns and costs of these APPs, which are heterogeneous across households, and that, importantly, adoption of these APPs is partly driven by the expected returns. However, despite the positive gross returns, diversifying farm production or raising land productivity is costly among small and resource-poor farms. Improving their access to land and agricultural capital, as well as improving overall land productivity, with particular support to women, may be critical for enhancing their nutritional outcomes by exploiting agriculture’s linkages to such outcomes.

Agriculture-nutrition Linkages in Tajikistan

Author : Hiroyuki Takeshima
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture-nutrition Linkages in Tajikistan by : Hiroyuki Takeshima

Download or read book Agriculture-nutrition Linkages in Tajikistan written by Hiroyuki Takeshima and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Agriculture-nutrition linkages, cooking-time, intra-household equality among women and children: Evidence from Tajikistan

Author : Hiroyuki Takeshima
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture-nutrition linkages, cooking-time, intra-household equality among women and children: Evidence from Tajikistan by : Hiroyuki Takeshima

Download or read book Agriculture-nutrition linkages, cooking-time, intra-household equality among women and children: Evidence from Tajikistan written by Hiroyuki Takeshima and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Household-level agriculture-nutrition linkage (ANL) tends to be strong in a rural subsistence setting with limited access to the food market. In such a context, markets for food processing services also may be imperfect, and consequently a household’s time-investments in cooking may become important. Using the primary data in Tajikistan, we show that longer periods of time dedicated to cooking by women in the household often significantly enhance household-level ANL. Furthermore, an increase in the diversity, scale, and efficiency of household production, as well as longer cooking time, can also reduce intrahousehold inequality in nutritional outcomes among women and children. These effects are stronger in areas with lower nighttime light intensity and for households with lower values of cooking assets. In a context where household-level ANL is strong, ANL may also depend on households’ self-production of complementary inputs, including cooking services. This dependence reveals both unique opportunities for and vulnerabilities of ANL for the rural poor.

Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Download or read book Nutrition-sensitive agriculture diversification and dietary diversity: Panel data evidence from Tajikistan written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition-sensitive agricultural diversification continues to receive interest among developing country stakeholders as a viable option for achieving dual goals of poverty reduction and food/nutrition security improvements. Assessing the effectiveness of this strategy is also essential in countries like Tajikistan. We attempt to enrich the evidence base in this regard. We assess the linkages between household-level agricultural diversification and dietary diversity (both household- and individual-levels) using unique panel samples of households and individual women of reproductive ages in the Khatlon province. Using difference-in-difference propensity-score methods and panel fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions, we show that higher agricultural diversification together with greater overall production per worker and land at the household level leads to higher dietary diversity, particularly in areas with poor food market access. Typology analyses and crop-specific analyses suggest that vegetables, fruits, legumes/nuts/seeds, dairy products and eggs are particularly important commodities for which a farmer’s own production contributes to dietary diversity improvement. Furthermore, decomposition exercises within the subsistence farming framework suggest that nutritional returns and costs of agricultural diversification vary across households, and expected nutritional returns may be partly driving the adoption of agricultural diversification. In other words, households’ decisions to diversify agriculture may be partly driven by potential nutritional benefits associated with enhanced direct on-farm access to diverse food items rather than farm income growth alone. Our findings underscore the importance of supporting household farm diversification in Tajikistan to support improved nutrition intake, especially among those living in remote areas. In a low-income setting with limited local employment opportunities that is vulnerable to a wide range of external shocks, this will likely continue to be one of the most straightforward and realistic paths to improving household’s nutrition resilience.

Agricultural production in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015 - 2023

Author : Lambrecht, Isabel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agricultural production in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015 - 2023 by : Lambrecht, Isabel

Download or read book Agricultural production in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015 - 2023 written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-10-02 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents findings related to changes in household agricultural production between 2015 and 2023 in the twelve districts of Khatlon Province that constitute USAID’s Zone of Influence (ZOI). The analysis relies on household survey data from 2000 households interviewed in February-March 2023, and similar household survey data from 2000 households interviewed in February-March 2015.

Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan

Author : Bloem, Jeffrey R.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan by : Bloem, Jeffrey R.

Download or read book Income aspirations, migration, and investments on and off the farm: Evidence from rural Tajikistan written by Bloem, Jeffrey R. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-12-08 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In places with few casual or salaried employment opportunities, investments in farm or non-farm assets may offer the main pathway to increased incomes locally, whereas others may seek alternative investment options elsewhere—as migrants. What factors, then, explain these investment choices? One theory suggests that aspirations that are ahead, but not too far ahead, of current levels provide the best incentive for promoting investment. If this theory holds, then estimates of the relationship between the aspirations gap and investment choices should take the form of a non-monotonic inverted U-shape. We test for such a relationship between the income aspirations gap and investments in migration, farm assets, and non-farm assets using data from a household survey in rural Tajikistan. We find evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the income aspirations gap and measures of migration, with the strongest relationship found with international migration. Strikingly, we do not observe any association between the income aspirations gap and measures of investment in farm or non-farm assets. Exploring heterogeneity, we find that these results can vary by household poverty status and by the respondent’s gender. Investigating a possible mechanism, we find that the relationship between the income aspirations gap and migration seems to be driven by remittances, which outweigh migration costs and increase household income.

Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik]

Author : Lambrecht, Isabel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik] by : Lambrecht, Isabel

Download or read book Welfare and vulnerability in Tajikistan: Evidence from twelve districts in Khatlon Province, 2015–2023 [in Tajik] written by Lambrecht, Isabel and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Impact of Migration on Agricultural Gender Labor Division and Food Security in Tajikistan

Author : Tinusha Ghimire
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Migration on Agricultural Gender Labor Division and Food Security in Tajikistan by : Tinusha Ghimire

Download or read book Impact of Migration on Agricultural Gender Labor Division and Food Security in Tajikistan written by Tinusha Ghimire and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In recent decades millions living in low-income countries like Tajikistan, have migrated to support their livelihoods. In 2019 alone, over 530,800 Tajik citizens left the country seeking better employment opportunities. This massive, predominantly male, out-migration has transformed the agricultural sector and food security in Tajikistan. On the one hand, non-migrating household members, usually female and children, must replace the migrant member's previous tasks, leading to the feminization of agriculture. On the other hand, remittances could increase income of the migrant household leading to reduction in their work and increase in their food security as their purchasing power strengthens. We want to explore this linkage between migration, gender labor division and food security by comparing migrant and non-migrant households. However, estimators comparing migrant and non-migrant households will be biased because migration depends on unobserved factors that affect both the decision to migrate and our outcome variables of interest. To mitigate such bias, we use Propensity Score Matching (PSM), which enables the measurement of an average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) by matching migrant and non-migrant households in accordance with observable characteristics. The data we use in this paper was collected by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in 2016. It is a nationally representative dataset with a total of 1920 households. Since this study focuses on migrant and non-migrant households, amongst the 1,920 households surveyed, 904 households had one or more member(s) who migrated in 2015. These households are categorized as migrant households. Our results show in households that own kitchen plots, non-migrant households face more months of food shortage and take more measures to mitigate food shortage, statistically significant at the 1 percent level. However, these results are not consistent when comparing households that own president plots and Dehkan farms. In terms of gender labor division, women in migrant households are more involved in cleaning irrigation canal, setting up irrigation system, guiding irrigation water flow, deciding amount of irrigation water to use and when to apply irrigation water, all statistically significant at the one percent level among kitchen plot owners. However, again, these results are not consistent for presidential plot and Dehkan farm owners. On presidential plots, women from migrant households are more likely to speak with the irrigation service provider, statistically significant at 5 percent level. Women from migrant households that own Dehkan farm were more likely to purchase agricultural inputs, statistically significant at one percent level. Overall, the results provide evidence of the feminization of agriculture in Tajkistan. This paper contributes to the ongoing migration literature in three ways. First, while previous studies have examined the link between migration and household labor allocation, this study focuses on labor tasks surrounding water management in Tajikistan. Second, this study adds to existing research on food security and remittances by analyzing food security conditions in migrant and non-migrant households through experience-based household food insecurity. Third, this is the first study we are familiar with that analyzes gender labor division and food security within the same household as combining these two concepts together can offer a comprehensive and broader understanding of migration on food security conditions in rural households. Furthermore, we analyze all of these interactions and linkages in three types of land or production system in Tajikistan -kitchen plot, presidential plot and Dehkan farm"--

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251305722
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.

Agriculture for improved nutrition: Seizing the momentum

Author : Fan, Shenggen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 1786399318
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Agriculture for improved nutrition: Seizing the momentum by : Fan, Shenggen

Download or read book Agriculture for improved nutrition: Seizing the momentum written by Fan, Shenggen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture's vast potential to improve nutrition is just beginning to be tapped. New ideas, research, and initiatives developed over the past decade have created an opportunity for reimagining and redesigning agricultural and food systems for the benefit of nutrition. To support this transformation, the book reviews the latest findings, results from on-the-ground programs and interventions, and recent policy experiences from countries around the world that are bringing the agriculture and nutrition sectors closer together. Drawing on IFPRI's own work and that of the growing agriculture-nutrition community, this book strengthens the evidence base for, and expands our vision of, how agriculture can contribute to nutrition. Chapters cover an array of issues that link agriculture and nutrition, including food value chains, nutrition-sensitive programs and policies, government policies, and private sector investments. By highlighting both achievements and setbacks, Agriculture for Improved Nutrition seeks to inspire those who want to scale up successes that can transform food systems and improve the nutrition of billions of people.

2020 Global food policy report: Building inclusive food systems

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 089629367X
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis 2020 Global food policy report: Building inclusive food systems by : International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Download or read book 2020 Global food policy report: Building inclusive food systems written by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food systems are at a critical juncture—they are evolving quickly to meet growing and changing demand but are not serving everyone’s needs. Building more inclusive food systems can bring a wide range of economic and development benefits to all people, especially the poor and disadvantaged. IFPRI’s 2020 Global Food Policy Report examines the policies and investments and the growing range of tools and technologies that can promote inclusion. Chapters examine the imperative of inclusion, challenges faced by smallholders, youth, women, and conflict-affected people, and the opportunities offered by expanding agrifood value chains and national food system transformations. Critical questions addressed include: How can inclusive food systems help break the intergenerational cycle of poverty and malnutrition? \What can be done to strengthen the midstream of food value chains to improve rural access to jobs, markets, and services? Will Africa’s food systems generate sufficient jobs for the growing youth population? How can women be empowered within food system processes, from household decisions to policymaking? Can refugees and other conflict-affected people be integrated into food systems to help them rebuild their lives? How can national food system transformations contribute to greater dietary diversity, food safety, and food quality for all? Regional sections look at how inclusion can be improved around the world in 2020 and beyond. The report also presents interesting trends revealed by IFPRI’s food policy indicators and datasets.

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 925132901X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.

Shock Waves

Author : Stephane Hallegatte
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464806748
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Shock Waves by : Stephane Hallegatte

Download or read book Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Dietary assessment

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251306354
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary assessment by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Dietary assessment written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FAO provides countries with technical support to conduct nutrition assessments, in particular to build the evidence base required for countries to achieve commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) and under the 2016-2025 UN Decade of Action on Nutrition. Such concrete evidence can only derive from precise and valid measures of what people eat and drink. There is a wide range of dietary assessment methods available to measure food and nutrient intakes (expressed as energy insufficiency, diet quality and food patterns etc.) in diet and nutrition surveys, in impact surveys, and in monitoring and evaluation. Differenct indicators can be selected according to a study's objectives, sample population, costs and required precision. In low capacity settings, a number of other issues should be considered (e.g. availability of food composition tables, cultural and community specific issues, such as intra-household distribution of foods and eating from shared plates, etc.). This manual aims to signpost for the users the best way to measure food and nutrient intakes and to enhance their understanding of the key features, strengths and limitations of various methods. It also highlights a number of common methodological considerations involved in the selection process. Target audience comprises of individuals (policy-makers, programme managers, educators, health professionals including dietitians and nutritionists, field workers and researchers) involved in national surveys, programme planning and monitoring and evaluation in low capacity settings, as well as those in charge of knowledge brokering for policy-making.

Effects of weather and food market risks on household agriculture-nutrition linkage: Micro-level insights from India

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of weather and food market risks on household agriculture-nutrition linkage: Micro-level insights from India by : Takeshima, Hiroyuki

Download or read book Effects of weather and food market risks on household agriculture-nutrition linkage: Micro-level insights from India written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-01-27 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture-nutrition linkages in developing countries remain complex and continue evolving as weather and market risks intensify due to climate change and other geopolitical and socioeconomic factors. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the exact interrelationship among these dimensions of agriculture-nutrition linkages. This study aimed to partly fill this knowledge gap by assessing how the associations between home production of various food groups and household/individual level nutritional outcomes are affected by weather anomalies and price risks of these food groups in the market, using panel data from India. Our results indicate that, generally, the associations between home production and nutritional outcomes are greater under more normal weather, with rainfall and temperature during the production season being closer to the historical median, potentially because of greater productivity realized and sufficient harvest that can be consumed throughout the year. The associations are also greater when households face greater market price fluctuations of food commodities conditional on the distance to the market, potentially because such price risks lead to reduced food purchases from the market. These effects generally hold not only during the average month but also during the lean month, indicating robustness against seasonality. These results also hold more consistently in remote areas than in areas closer to the market. Overall, our results suggest that efforts to promote nutrition-sensitive agriculture in developing countries should also consider evolving patterns of weather risks and agrifood market price risks to improve their effectiveness.

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251315701
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year’s report presents evidence that the absolute number of people who suffer from hunger continues to slowly increase. The report also highlights that food insecurity is more than just hunger. For the first time, the report provides evidence that many people in the world, even if not hungry, experience moderate food insecurity as they face uncertainties about their ability to obtain food and are forced to compromise on the quality and/or quantity of the food they consume. This phenomenon is observed globally, not only in low- and middle-income countries but also in high income countries. The report also shows that the world is not on track to meet global nutrition targets, including those on low birthweight and on reducing stunting among children under five years. Moreover, overweight and obesity continue to increase in all regions, particularly among school-age children and adults. The report stresses that no region is exempt from the epidemic of overweight and obesity, underscoring the necessity of multifaceted, multisectoral approaches to halt and reverse these worrying trends. In light of the fragile state of the world economy, the report presents new evidence confirming that hunger has been on the rise for many countries where the economy has slowed down or contracted. Unpacking the links between economic slowdowns and downturns and food insecurity and malnutrition, the report contends that the effects of the former on the latter can only be offset by addressing the root causes of hunger and malnutrition: poverty, inequality and marginalization.

The State of Food and Agriculture 2013

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Fao
ISBN 13 : 9789251076712
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (767 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Food and Agriculture 2013 by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book The State of Food and Agriculture 2013 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Fao. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malnutrition -- in the form of undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight and obesity -- imposes unacceptably high economic and social costs on countries at all income levels. The causes of malnutrition are complex, yet all forms of malnutrition share one common feature: nutritionally inappropriate diets. The State of Food and Agriculture 2013 makes the case that healthy diets and good nutrition begin with food and agriculture.