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Agricultural Subsidies In The Wto Green Box
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Book Synopsis Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box by : Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz
Download or read book Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box written by Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production. However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box by : Ricardo Mele ́ndez-Ortiz
Download or read book Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box written by Ricardo Mele ́ndez-Ortiz and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the relationship between green box subsidies and sustainable development goals, which includes options for future reform.
Book Synopsis The Regulation of Agricultural Subsidies in the World Trade Organization Framework. A Developing Country Perspective by : Farai Chigavazira
Download or read book The Regulation of Agricultural Subsidies in the World Trade Organization Framework. A Developing Country Perspective written by Farai Chigavazira and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of trade distorting agricultural subsidies and, thereby, reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising on food security, especially by developed countries. Developing countries have suffered negatively from the subsidy programmes of developed countries, which continue to subsidize their agricultural sector. This position of developing countries in the global trade system, which has been described as weak, has drawn criticism of the WTO, namely that it does not protect the interests of the weak developing nations, but rather strengthens the interests of the strong developed nations. The green box provisions which are specifically designed to regulate payments that are considered trade neutral or minimally trade distorting have grossly been manipulated by developed countries at the mercy of the AoA. Developed countries continue to provide trade distorting subsidies under the guise of green box support. This is defeating the aims and objectives of the AoA. The study examines the regulation of WTO agricultural subsidies from the developing countries’ perspective. It looks at the problems WTO member states face with trade distorting subsidies, but focuses more on the impact these have on developing states. It scrutinizes the AoA’s provisions regulating subsidies by adopting a perspective to identify any loopholes or shortcomings which undermine the interests and aspirations of developing countries. This is against the background that some of the provisions of the AoA are lenient towards the needs of developed countries at the expense of developing countries.
Book Synopsis Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO by : Randall Dean Schnepf
Download or read book Potential Challenges to U.S. Farm Subsidies in the WTO written by Randall Dean Schnepf and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides background regarding the vulnerability of U.S. agricultural support programs to potential WTO dispute settlement challenges. It does not predict which WTO members might challenge U.S. commodity subsidies, nor will the likelihood that such challenges be brought. Instead, this book reviews the general criteria for successfully challenging a farm subsidy program, and then uses available data and published economic analyses to weigh U.S. farm programs against these criteria.
Book Synopsis WTO Disciplines on Agricultural Support by : David Orden
Download or read book WTO Disciplines on Agricultural Support written by David Orden and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farm support is contentious in international negotiations. This in-depth assessment of the legal compliance and economic evaluation issues raised by the WTO Agreement on Agriculture presents consistent support data and forward-looking projections for eight developed and developing countries (EU, US, Japan, Norway, Brazil, China, India, Philippines), using original estimates where official notifications are not available. Variations over time in notified support in some cases reflect real policy changes; others merely reflect shifts in how countries represent their measures. The stalled Doha negotiations presage significantly tighter constraints for developed countries that provide the highest support, but loopholes will persist. Developing countries face fewer constraints and their trade-distorting farm support can rise. Pressure points and key remaining issues if a Doha agreement is reached are evaluated. Vigilant monitoring for compliance of farm support with WTO commitments will be required to lessen its negative consequences whether or not the Doha Round is concluded.
Download or read book Agriculture and the WTO written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference addresses current developments in multilateral negotiations and the WTO cases on agriculture, and analyzing their impact on the future of the world agricultural market. [source unknown].
Book Synopsis Agricultural Domestic Support Under the WTO by : Lars Brink
Download or read book Agricultural Domestic Support Under the WTO written by Lars Brink and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appraises WTO disciplines to argue agricultural support addressing societal priorities is compatible with reducing world market distortions.
Book Synopsis China: Shadow WTO Agricultural Domestic Support Notifications by : Fuzhi Cheng
Download or read book China: Shadow WTO Agricultural Domestic Support Notifications written by Fuzhi Cheng and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The WTO and Food Security by : Sachin Kumar Sharma
Download or read book The WTO and Food Security written by Sachin Kumar Sharma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-28 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the public stockholding policies of selected developing countries from the perspective of WTO rules and assesses whether the provisions of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) could hamper these countries’ efforts to address the challenges of food security. Further, it highlights the need to amend the provisions of the AoA to make WTO rules just and fair for the millions of people suffering from hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. This book highlights that 12 countries namely China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Morocco, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Zambia and Zimbabwe are facing or will face problems in implementing the food security policies due to the provisions under AoA. These provisions need to be amended for permitting developing countries to address hunger and undernourishment. Progress in WTO negotiations on public stockholding for food security purposes are also discussed and analysed. The findings of this study greatly benefit trade negotiators, policymakers, civil society, farmers groups, researchers, students and academics interested in issues related to the WTO, agriculture and food security.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO by : Giovanni Anania
Download or read book Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO written by Giovanni Anania and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contiene: Preface Agricultural Policy Reform: Past Present and Future. - Part I: Agriculture and Agricultural Policy Changes Ten Years After the Uruguay Round. - Part II: The Three Pillars of the WTO Negotiations on Agriculture. - Part III: Agricultural Trade Relations, WTO Negotiations on Agriculture and the Developing World. - Part IV: The WTO and the Future of International Trade Relations.
Book Synopsis WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries by : Michiel Keyzer
Download or read book WTO, Agriculture, and Developing Countries written by Michiel Keyzer and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 3rd Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at Seattle was not able to launch a new and comprehensive round of multilateral trade negotiations, but it is expected that in the coming years the WTO will be the forum of these negotiations, commonly referred to as the Millenium Round. Developing countries are currently greatly involved in the WTO process and seek active participation in this round. In relation to least developed countries in Africa, and with Ethiopia as country for a case study, the present paper argues that the Agreement on Agriculture, part of the Uruguay Round, has put a system of basic mechanisms into place but not led to significant agricultural trade liberalization. At the same time, a new host of issues have emerged that relate directly or indirectly to food and agriculture. The report highlights the various interactions between these subjects from the perspective of Ethiopia.
Book Synopsis Agriculture and the WTO by : Merlinda D. Ingco
Download or read book Agriculture and the WTO written by Merlinda D. Ingco and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-03-17 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This comprehensive reference explores the key issues and options in agricultural trade liberalization from a developing country perspective. Throughout, the focus is on ensuring that the outcome of WTO negotiations contributes to growth in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Grain Subsidies in Ukraine by : Kataryna Zelenska
Download or read book Grain Subsidies in Ukraine written by Kataryna Zelenska and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain Subsidies in Ukraine is the first attempt to examine impact of international trade law on Ukrainian policies in the cereals sector. The author focuses on the role of WTO law and the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in force since 2016.
Book Synopsis WTO negotiations on agriculture and developing countries by : Hoda, Anwarul
Download or read book WTO negotiations on agriculture and developing countries written by Hoda, Anwarul and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2008-04-03 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Trade Organizations Doha Round of trade talks has been plagued by a lack of concrete progress toward establishing a fair and harmonious agricultural trading system. Because the results of the Doha Round could have far-reaching implications for the trade and economic prospects of developing countries in the twenty-first century, it is critical for these countries to fully understand the issues involved in the negotiations on agriculture. However, there has been no authoritative analysis of the rules and modalities on which governments of developing countries can rely. This book, coauthored by an insider to the trade talks that led to the establishment of the WTO, fills this gap. The volume begins with a detailed analysis of the provisions of the WTOs Agreement on Agriculture and the modalities of the negotiations. It examines the implementation experience of key members of the WTO, then traces the developments in the negotiations up to the recent impasse. In light of these considerations, and on the basis of a case study of India, the authors propose various elements of a negotiating position and strategy for developing countries. The authors offer tough but realistic recommendations regarding tariffs, market access, treatment of sensitive or special products, and other aspects of international trade. This book will be of particular interest to researchers and practitioners as well as students seeking in-depth knowledge of the recent history of agricultural trade talks.
Book Synopsis Agriculture and International Trade by : Michael Cardwell
Download or read book Agriculture and International Trade written by Michael Cardwell and published by CABI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture has had a fundamental impact on agricultural policy worldwide. The new WTO agreements will cover agriculture,sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade and trade in intellectual property rights. This book addresses the interface between the law of international agricultural trade, the emerging legal and economic order for agricultural trade under the auspices of the WTO, and its impact on agricultural policy reform both in the European Union and the USA. With contributions from leading authorities in the appropriate areas.
Book Synopsis Disciplining Agricultural Support Through Decoupling by : John Baffes
Download or read book Disciplining Agricultural Support Through Decoupling written by John Baffes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Agricultural protection, particularly in high income countries, have induced overproduction, thereby depressing world commodity prices and reducing export shares of countries which do not support agriculture. One-and perhaps the only-effective way to bring a socially acceptable and politically feasible reform is to replace payments linked to current production levels, input use, and prices by payments which are decoupled from these measures. Overall, the experience with decoupling agricultural support has been mixed while the switch to less distortive support has been uneven across commodities and countries. Rules have changed with new decoupling programs added so expectations about future policies affect current production decisions. Time limits were not implemented and if so, were overruled. Ideally, compensation programs would be universal (open to all sectors in the economy, not just agriculture) or at least non-sector-specific within agriculture. A simple and minimally distorting scheme would be a one-time unconditional payment to everyone engaged in farming or deemed in need of compensation that is nontransferable, along the lines of one-time buyouts without remaining subsidies. To maintain government credibility and reduce uncertainty, eligibility rules need to be clearly defined and not allowed to change. The time period on which payments are based, the level of payments, and the sectors covered should all remain fixed. Support to specific sectors within agriculture should be in the form of taxpayer-funded payments. There should be no requirement of production. Land, labor, and any other input should not have to be in "agricultural use." "--World Bank web site.
Book Synopsis Agricultural Trade Policy by : Timothy Edward Josling
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy written by Timothy Edward Josling and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1998 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round trade negotiations marked a historic turning point in the reform of agricultural trade. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) replaced nontariff barriers with bound tariffs, curbed export subsidies, and codified domestic agricultural programs. Unfortunately, the URAA bound many of the tariffs that replaced nontariff barriers too high, it legitimized export subsidies, and it left the domestic farm policies of the major industrial countries largely untouched. Fortunately, regional trade institutions have also begun to grapple with agricultural trade liberalization. Agriculture was featured in the Mercosur agreement, in recent agreements between the European Union and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and in the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). Plans for broad supraregional trade structures, such as the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), have also dealt with the inclusion of agricultural trade. Meanwhile, in developing and middle-income countries, unilateral agricultural policy reforms have been part of recent economic policy changes. However, in the industrial countries, agricultural policy reform has languished in the face of much domestic opposition. But the reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1992 and the 1996 Farm Bill in the United States seems to have ushered in a new era of relations between government and agricultural groups. The author points out ways that multilateral, regional, and unilateral paths could be coordinated to liberalized agricultural trade. He proposes a set of multilateral talks that would benefit from agricultural reform at all levels and complete the job begun at the Uruguay Round.
