Aggregate Economic Shocks Child Schooling And Child Health

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Aggregate Economic Shocks, Child Schooling and Child Health

Author : Francisco H. G. Ferreira
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Aggregate Economic Shocks, Child Schooling and Child Health by : Francisco H. G. Ferreira

Download or read book Aggregate Economic Shocks, Child Schooling and Child Health written by Francisco H. G. Ferreira and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do aggregate economic shocks, such as those caused by macroeconomic crises or droughts, reduce child human capital? The answer to this question has important implications for public policy. If shocks reduce investments in children, they may transmit poverty from one generation to the next. This paper uses a simple framework to analyze the effects of aggregate economic shocks on child schooling and health. It shows that the expected effects are ambiguous, because of a tension between income and substitution effects. The paper then reviews the recent empirical literature on the subject. In richer countries, like the United States, child health and education outcomes are counter-cyclical: they improve during recessions. In poorer countries, mostly in Africa and low-income Asia, the outcomes are pro-cyclical: infant mortality rises, and school enrollment and nutrition fall during recessions. In the middle-income countries of Latin America, the picture is more nuanced: health outcomes are generally pro-cyclical, and education outcomes counter-cyclical. Each of these findings is consistent with the simple conceptual framework. The paper discusses possible implications for expenditure allocation.

Children and Youth in Crisis

Author : Mattias Lundberg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821395475
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Children and Youth in Crisis by : Mattias Lundberg

Download or read book Children and Youth in Crisis written by Mattias Lundberg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The successful development of children and young people requires that we protect and nurture a set of interrelated physiological, cognitive, and socio-emotional systems. What happens to these systems in early life can have long-term consequences and can even carry over to the next generation. The impact of economic crises on human development is similarly complex and heterogeneous. Some families and some young people display astonishing resilience – either by being comparatively unscathed by crises or by their ability to recover quickly and healthily. Other families and individuals may be unable to prevent exposure, unable to protect themselves, or may not have the same capacity to adapt positively when exposed to a crisis, with potentially serious long-term consequences for healthy development. Human development lies at the intersections of neurology and sociology, genetics and psychology, biology and economics; and this volume approaches the study of shocks and human development from a variety of disciplinary perspectives: economics, sociology, anthropology, and social and developmental psychology. This volume describes the impact of aggregate shocks on human development, and the subtle and intricate settings and pathways through which individuals can be affected. Depending on the timing, duration, transmission mechanisms, and context, the consequences for children's physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development may be costly and irreversible. Fortunately, although children suffer in adversity, they can also benefit positively when exposed to enriching environments. We need to develop and implement effective interventions to prevent the worst consequences of exposure to shocks, and to assist families and young people to recover. This volume explores what we know about protecting young people from lasting harm and promoting healthy development through a crisis. This volume is intended for policymakers, civil society, and others engaged in promoting and protecting human development and in designing and implementing safety nets during crisis. This is a novel approach as it incorporates the experiences from such diverse disciplines to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions that define human development.

Child Schooling and Family Size

Author : Dennis N. De Tray
Publisher : Santa Monica, CA. : Rand
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Child Schooling and Family Size by : Dennis N. De Tray

Download or read book Child Schooling and Family Size written by Dennis N. De Tray and published by Santa Monica, CA. : Rand. This book was released on 1978 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effects of Aggregate and Gender-Specific Labor Demand Shocks on Child Health

Author : Marianne Page
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Aggregate and Gender-Specific Labor Demand Shocks on Child Health by : Marianne Page

Download or read book The Effects of Aggregate and Gender-Specific Labor Demand Shocks on Child Health written by Marianne Page and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we estimate the relationship between cyclical changes in aggregate labor market opportunities and child health outcomes. In addition to using state unemployment rates to proxy for labor market conditions, as is common in the existing literature, we construct predicted employment growth indices that allow us to separately identify demand-induced changes in labor market opportunities for fathers and mothers. In contrast with prominent studies of adult health, we find no evidence that negative shocks to general economic conditions are associated with improvements in contemporaneous measures of children health. We do find, however, that focusing on gender-inclusive economic variables obscures the extent to which the labor market affects children. Specifically, we find evidence that improvements in labor market conditions facing women are associated with worse child health, while improvements in men labor market conditions have smaller positive effects on child health. These patterns, which are consistent with previous findings on the effects of individual parental employment and job displacement, suggest that family income and maternal time use are both important mechanisms mediating the effects of aggregate labor market conditions on child health.

Children and Youth in Crisis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Children and Youth in Crisis by :

Download or read book Children and Youth in Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Global Monitoring Report 2010

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821384244
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Monitoring Report 2010 by : World Bank

Download or read book Global Monitoring Report 2010 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-05-04 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Monitoring Report 2010: The MDGs after the Crisis, examines the impact of the worst recession since the Great Depression on poverty and human development outcomes in developing countries. Although the recovery is under way, the impact of the crisis will be lasting and immeasurable.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8)

Author : Donald A. P. Bundy
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464804397
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) by : Donald A. P. Bundy

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) written by Donald A. P. Bundy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.

Socioeconomic Shocks and Africa’s Development Agenda

Author : Evans Osabuohien
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000773698
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Shocks and Africa’s Development Agenda by : Evans Osabuohien

Download or read book Socioeconomic Shocks and Africa’s Development Agenda written by Evans Osabuohien and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates how African countries respond to socioeconomic shocks, drawing out lessons to help to inform future policy and development efforts. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic affected all sectors of the economy, exposing substantial structural weaknesses and complexities in supply chains and logistics across the African continent. This book examines the disruptive impact of the pandemic across Africa. However, it also goes beyond the current crisis to investigate how socioeconomic pressures in general impact commodity prices, national budgeting processes, food, business, energy sectors, education, health, and sanitation. Overall, the book presents evidence-based solutions and policy recommendations to enable readers to improve resilience and responses to future crises. The insights provided by this book will be of interest to policymakers and development agencies, as well as to researchers of global development, politics, economics, business, and African studies.

Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118136802
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes by :

Download or read book Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Ecological Settings and Processes written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential reference for human development theory, updated and reconceptualized The Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, a four-volume reference, is the field-defining work to which all others are compared. First published in 1946, and now in its Seventh Edition, the Handbook has long been considered the definitive guide to the field of developmental science. Volume 4: Ecological Settings and Processes in Developmental Systems is centrally concerned with the people, conditions, and events outside individuals that affect children and their development. To understand children's development it is both necessary and desirable to embrace all of these social and physical contexts. Guided by the relational developmental systems metatheory, the chapters in the volume are ordered them in a manner that begins with the near proximal contexts in which children find themselves and moving through to distal contexts that influence children in equally compelling, if less immediately manifest, ways. The volume emphasizes that the child's environment is complex, multi-dimensional, and structurally organized into interlinked contexts; children actively contribute to their development; the child and the environment are inextricably linked, and contributions of both child and environment are essential to explain or understand development. Understand the role of parents, other family members, peers, and other adults (teachers, coaches, mentors) in a child's development Discover the key neighborhood/community and institutional settings of human development Examine the role of activities, work, and media in child and adolescent development Learn about the role of medicine, law, government, war and disaster, culture, and history in contributing to the processes of human development The scholarship within this volume and, as well, across the four volumes of this edition, illustrate that developmental science is in the midst of a very exciting period. There is a paradigm shift that involves increasingly greater understanding of how to describe, explain, and optimize the course of human life for diverse individuals living within diverse contexts. This Handbook is the definitive reference for educators, policy-makers, researchers, students, and practitioners in human development, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and neuroscience.

The (positive) Effect of Macroeconomic Crises on the Schooling and Employment Decisions of Children in a Middle-income Country

Author : Norbert Rüdiger Schady
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 2060405335
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The (positive) Effect of Macroeconomic Crises on the Schooling and Employment Decisions of Children in a Middle-income Country by : Norbert Rüdiger Schady

Download or read book The (positive) Effect of Macroeconomic Crises on the Schooling and Employment Decisions of Children in a Middle-income Country written by Norbert Rüdiger Schady and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under some conditions macroeconomic crises can have a positive effect on the accumulation of human capital because they reduce the opportunity cost of schooling. This has profound implications for the design of appropriate social protection policies.

No Small Matter

Author : Harold Alderman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821386786
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis No Small Matter by : Harold Alderman

Download or read book No Small Matter written by Harold Alderman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education is often seen as a fundamental means to improve economic prospects for individuals from low income settings. However, even with increased emphasis on basic education for all, many individuals fail to achieve basic skills to succeed in life. The book presents evidence that one core reason is that by the time a child is old enough to attend school, there is already a wide disparity in cognitive skills and in emotional and behavioral development among children from households of different socioeconomic backgrounds. Low levels of cognitive development in early childhood strongly correlate with low socio-economic status (as measured by wealth and parental education) as well as malnutrition. These disadvantages are often exacerbated by economic crises. Fortunately, however, as documented in this volume, there are programs that have proven effective in promoting a child's development through caregiver-child interaction and stimulation, and with well designed preschool programs. While preschool programs currently cover a modest share of low income children, expansion of such services to at risk populations is a cost-effective means of improving overall educational achievement. Thus, focused preschool programs can serve as a key investment in a strategy to reduce the transmission of poverty from poor parents to their children."

Learning from Economic Downturns

Author : Xiaohui Hou
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464800618
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning from Economic Downturns by : Xiaohui Hou

Download or read book Learning from Economic Downturns written by Xiaohui Hou and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book builds on the lessons of the most recent global financial crisis, especially in Europe and Central Asia and proposes a more effective role for the health sector as part of a safety net function and as a stabilizer for the population during a crisis.

Alternative and bottom-up peace indicators

Author : Roger Mac Ginty
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317644298
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative and bottom-up peace indicators by : Roger Mac Ginty

Download or read book Alternative and bottom-up peace indicators written by Roger Mac Ginty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is widespread dissatisfaction with the current suite of evaluation and monitoring tools available to peacebuilders and those responding to conflict. Yet, despite this dissatisfaction, there are few concrete moves to investigate alternative methods of gauging the success or failure of peace initiatives. This volume explores alternative methods of assessing peace. These methods tend to be bottom-up and people-centric and are interested in many aspects of conflict societies that orthodox top-down indicators often miss. The methods explored in this work chime with the contemporary interest in critical approaches to peace and conflict studies, and approaches that are interested in local perspectives. The volume also connects with a growing interest in civic epistemology, or the co-production of data whereby research ‘subjects’ participate in the research and have a chance of understanding the relevance of research. All of the contributors to the volume have significant field experience in conflict-affected areas and their work is informed by an engagement with the everyday challenges and opportunities facing people in war zones. This bookw as published as a special issue of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding.

Business Ethics for a Material World

Author : Ryan Burg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316872807
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (168 download)

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Book Synopsis Business Ethics for a Material World by : Ryan Burg

Download or read book Business Ethics for a Material World written by Ryan Burg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, conscientious consumers and green marketers are recognizing that material things, not firms, must be made responsible. Even so, many scholars in ethics, sustainability, and governance focus on people and organizations, ignoring the flows of things. In this book, Ryan Burg argues that material things are fundamental features of moral life, serving as both valuable instruments and guides for responsibility. Unless care is taken for these non-living entities, living things cannot be protected. Viewing the global economy as a network of material transfers, Burg argues that to facilitate object care, professionals must act as stewards. By tracing the origins and disposal of workplace objects through this material network, businesses and employees can discover the outcomes for which they are responsible, and managers can align ethics, sustainability and governance with a truly global formulation of responsibility.

Early Health Shocks, Intrahousehold Resource Allocation, and Child Outcomes

Author : Junjian Yi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Health Shocks, Intrahousehold Resource Allocation, and Child Outcomes by : Junjian Yi

Download or read book Early Health Shocks, Intrahousehold Resource Allocation, and Child Outcomes written by Junjian Yi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An open question in the literature is whether families compensate or reinforce the impact of child health shocks. Discussions usually focus on one dimension of child investment. This paper examines multiple dimensions using household survey data on Chinese child twins whose average age is 11. We find that, compared with a twin sibling who did not suffer from negative early health shocks at ages 0-3, the other twin sibling who did suffer negative health shocks received RMB 305 more in terms of health investments, but received RMB 182 less in terms of educational investments in the 12 months prior to the survey. In terms of financial transfers over all dimensions of investment, the family acts as a net equalizer in response to early health shocks for children. We estimate a human capital production function and establish that, for this sample, early health shocks negatively affect child human capital, including health, education, and socioemotional skills. Compensating investments in health as measured by BMI reduce the adverse effects of health shocks by 50%, but exacerbate the adverse impact of shocks on educational attainment by 30%.

Conditional Cash Transfers

Author : Ariel Fiszbein
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821373536
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Conditional Cash Transfers by : Ariel Fiszbein

Download or read book Conditional Cash Transfers written by Ariel Fiszbein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.

Targeting Investments in Children

Author : Phillip B. Levine
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226475832
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeting Investments in Children by : Phillip B. Levine

Download or read book Targeting Investments in Children written by Phillip B. Levine and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial number of American children experience poverty: about 17 percent of those under the age of eighteen meet the government’s definition, and the proportion is even greater within minority groups. Childhood poverty can have lifelong effects, resulting in poor educational, labor market, and physical and mental health outcomes for adults. These problems have long been recognized, and there are numerous programs designed to alleviate or even eliminate poverty; as these programs compete for scarce resources, it is important to develop a clear view of their impact as tools for poverty alleviation. Targeting Investments in Children tackles the problem of evaluating these programs by examining them using a common metric: their impact on earnings in adulthood. The volume’s contributors explore a variety of issues, such as the effect of interventions targeted at children of different ages, and study a range of programs, including child care, after-school care, and drug prevention. The results will be invaluable to educational leaders and researchers as well as policy makers.