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Age Related Declines In Working Memory Skills Evidence From A Complex Calculation Task
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Author :Jamie I. D. Campbell Publisher :London : University of Western Ontario, Centre for Cognitive Science ISBN 13 : Total Pages :37 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (267 download)
Book Synopsis Age-related Declines in Working-memory Skills : Evidence from a Complex Calculation Task by : Jamie I. D. Campbell
Download or read book Age-related Declines in Working-memory Skills : Evidence from a Complex Calculation Task written by Jamie I. D. Campbell and published by London : University of Western Ontario, Centre for Cognitive Science. This book was released on 1990 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practice reduced the frequency of both working-memory and calculation errors for all groups, and eliminated initial age-related differences in the rates of calculation errors. The older cohort was associated with both a greater frequency and a greater proportion of working-memory errors relative to the young group. In contrast to calculation, however, age-related differences in working-memory efficiency appeared to be reduced only modestly by practice."
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Mathematical Cognition by : Jamie I.D. Campbell
Download or read book The Handbook of Mathematical Cognition written by Jamie I.D. Campbell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-08-15 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does the brain represent number and make mathematical calculations? What underlies the development of numerical and mathematical abilities? What factors affect the learning of numerical concepts and skills? What are the biological bases of number knowledge? Do humans and other animals share similar numerical representations and processes? What underlies numerical and mathematical disabilities and disorders, and what is the prognosis for rehabilitation? These questions are the domain of mathematical cognition, the field of research concerned with the cognitive and neurological processes that underlie numerical and mathematical abilities. TheHandbook of Mathematical Cognition is a collection of 27 essays by leading researchers that provides a comprehensive review of this important research field.
Book Synopsis Working Memory Capacity by : Nelson Cowan
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology by : Serge P. Shohov
Download or read book Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology written by Serge P. Shohov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology
Book Synopsis The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by :
Download or read book The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Learning and Motivation by : Brian H. Ross
Download or read book The Psychology of Learning and Motivation written by Brian H. Ross and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation series publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, who present and discuss significant bodies of research relevant to their discipline. Volume 56 includes chapters on such varied topics as emotion and memory interference, electrophysiology, mathematical cognition, and reader participation in narrative. Volume 56 of the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series An essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science Relevant to both applied concerns and basic research
Book Synopsis The Nature and Origin of Mathematical Skills by : J.I.D. Campbell
Download or read book The Nature and Origin of Mathematical Skills written by J.I.D. Campbell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-08-07 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad range of current experimental research on numerical cognition and the acquisition of mathematical skills is covered in this volume. The individual chapters provide in-depth analysis of specific issues, methodologies, phenomena, and theory. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part the focus is on the acquisition and development of numerical skills. Part 2 of the book contains research on the information-processing basis of numerical skills, focusing on the mechanisms of perception, attention, and memory that support number skills.The range of theoretical and methodological orientations represented in the volume captures both the diversity and coherence of contemporary research into mathematical skills. The research of educational psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and cognitive neuropsychologists mutually informs and reinforces theoretical developments within each area. The multidisciplinary interest in mathematics skills reflects the pervasiveness and importance of mathematics in education, technology, and science, and also indicates that questions about mathematical competence address important issues in diverse areas of psychology and cognitive science.
Book Synopsis Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory by : Kathleen M. Galotti
Download or read book Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory written by Kathleen M. Galotti and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory presents balanced, up-to-date coverage of cognitive psychology and shows readers that research conducted in the lab truly does impact the real world. Using her signature, accessible writing style, author Kathleen M. Galotti masterfully connects cognitive psychology to students′ everyday lives through current, relevant examples. The Sixth Edition has been updated to reflect the rapidly changing field of cognitive psychology with new references, streamlined content that gives more attention to key topics like memory, and material on advances in research that enhance our understanding of how people acquire and use information. Interactive eBook also available—bundle it with the new edition! Your students save when you bundle the new edition with the interactive eBook version. Order using bundle ISBN 978-1-5063-9877-8. /p>
Book Synopsis Social Psychology at Work (Psychology Revivals) by : Peter Collett
Download or read book Social Psychology at Work (Psychology Revivals) written by Peter Collett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social psychology has much to offer real world problems, especially in industrial and organizational settings. Originally published in 1995, in Social Psychology at Work leading researchers in their respective fields discuss recent findings and their implications for the commercial world of work. All the contributors have been greatly influenced by the late Michael Argyle, to whom this book is dedicated. They examine aspects of the workplace from the perspectives of personality and individual difference, social psychology and organizational psychology. Subjects covered include the effects of age on work, leadership, productivity, how we are socialized for work, stress and anxiety, and the effect of the physical environment on working behaviour. Social Psychology at Work is a rich source book of ideas, research findings and reviews at the interface of pure and applied psychology. It will be important and rewarding reading for all those such as students, consultants and managers and trainers who are interested in psychology at work.
Book Synopsis Aging and Context Effects in Working Memory by : James R. Houston
Download or read book Aging and Context Effects in Working Memory written by James R. Houston and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well-accepted that higher level cognitive abilities exhibit the greatest declines with the aging process. One aspect of executive function, working memory, is no exception to this trend. Older adults demonstrate clear deficits in working memory function which coincide with different patterns of neural activation compared to younger adults. The reliability of these effects and the strong relationship between age-related working memory losses and losses in other areas of cognitive function have led researchers to propose working memory function as a driving factor behind the majority of age-related losses in cognitive function. However, by treating working memory as a core factor behind cognitive losses with aging, it diminishes the conceptualization of working memory as a highly complex concept in itself. Indeed, as researchers have proposed multiple working memory theories from cognitive, neural, and computational perspectives in an effort to unify and understand the structure and function of the system, pointing to working memory as an explanatory factor behind age-related losses in cognitive performance provides nominal value. In contrast, by examining the working memory system using a process approach that breaks down the component subprocesses of the working memory system, we can gain a better understanding of how and why the complex concept of working memory has such strong associations with age-related losses in cognitive function.The principal goal of this doctoral thesis was to examine the role played by one such subcomponent of the working memory process, context integration, in age-related differences in working memory performance. A multiple experiment study examined how younger and older adults integrated contextual information in a working memory task by manipulating the predictability of source information in a repetition detection working memory paradigm. Behavioral (accuracy and response time) and neurophysiological (EEG) measures were taken while participants engaged in two tasks to address potential age group differences in working memory encoding, retrieval, and context integration. Critically, this study was also one of the first to contrast the working memory theories of aging by using behavioral and direct physiological measures of functioning.Results from both experiments identified age-related losses in accuracy in the single-context control condition. These effects were replicated in the dual context conditions in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. Results were interpreted as reflecting an age-related reduction in resource reserves that led to losses when the older adults' comparatively lower resource capacities were exceeded by task demands. ERP analyses suggested that these effects were associated with working memory access deficits with aging. Younger and older adult waveforms also differed in their spatial distributions across the scalp. While younger adults elicited more focal, posterior activities, older adults exhibited more widespread, and frontal activations. Context predictability did not influence the performance of either age group. We conclude that resource consumption is the most likely candidate to drive age group differences in working memory performance and that this difference is the result of age-related deficits in accessing offline working memory stores.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Learning and Motivation by :
Download or read book The Psychology of Learning and Motivation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-09-19 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation series publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, who present and discuss significant bodies of research relevant to their discipline. Volume 51 includes chapters on such varied topics as emotion and memory interference, electrophysiology, mathematical cognition, and reader participation in narrative. - Volume 51 of the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series - An essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science - Relevant to both applied concerns and basic research
Book Synopsis The American Journal of Occupational Therapy by :
Download or read book The American Journal of Occupational Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mind and the Frontal Lobes by : Brian Levine PhD
Download or read book Mind and the Frontal Lobes written by Brian Levine PhD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 25 years, the frontal lobes have dominated human neuroscience research. Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed their importance to brain networks involved in nearly every aspect of mental and cognitive functioning. Studies of patients with focal brain lesions have expanded on early case study evidence of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive changes associated with frontal lobe brain damage. The role of frontal lobe function and dysfunction in human development (in both children and older adults), psychiatric disorders, the dementias, and other brain diseases has also received rapidly increasing attention. In this useful text, 14 leading frontal lobe researchers review and synthesize the current state of knowledge on frontal lobe function, including structural and functional brain imaging, brain network analysis, aging and dementia, traumatic brain injury, rehabilitation, attention, memory, and consciousness. The book therefore provides a state-of-the-art account of research in this exciting area, and also highlights a number of new findings by some of the world's top researchers.
Book Synopsis International Handbook of Virtual Learning Environments by : Joel Weiss
Download or read book International Handbook of Virtual Learning Environments written by Joel Weiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 1611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Handbook of Virtual Learning Environments was developed to explore Virtual Learning Environments (VLE’s), and their relationships with digital, in real life and virtual worlds. The book is divided into four sections: Foundations of Virtual Learning Environments; Schooling, Professional Learning and Knowledge Management; Out-of-School Learning Environments; and Challenges for Virtual Learning Environments. The coverage ranges across a broad spectrum of philosophical perspectives, historical, sociological, political and educational analyses, case studies from practical and research settings, as well as several provocative "classics" originally published in other settings.
Book Synopsis Aging Effects on Expertise by : Ada Yuet-Ngar Lie
Download or read book Aging Effects on Expertise written by Ada Yuet-Ngar Lie and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Denise Park and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.
Book Synopsis Age, Working Memory, and the Strategic Control of Attention at Encoding by : Melissa Gail Hayes
Download or read book Age, Working Memory, and the Strategic Control of Attention at Encoding written by Melissa Gail Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study investigated the effects of aging on the strategic control of attention at encoding and the extent to which this relationship was mediated by working memory capacity. The value-directed remembering task used by Castel et al. (2009) was modified to include an inhibitory task demand (i.e., value-directed forgetting), and age differences were predicted due to declines in the efficiency of inhibitory mechanisms. Results confirmed this prediction, as older adults were less efficient in maximizing their selectivity scores upon the inclusion of task interference, and working memory was found to be supportive of performance. Results additionally support an age-related decline in the directed forgetting effect, such that older adults recalled and recognized fewer TBR items and more TBF items, relative to younger adults. Taken together, results suggest an age-related decline in the ability to inhibit goal-irrelevant information, thereby limiting working memory resources available for greater processing of goal-relevant information.
