After the COVID-19 Crisis: Update on Complex Infectious Disease Issues in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032396088X
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis After the COVID-19 Crisis: Update on Complex Infectious Disease Issues in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Naomi P. O'Grady

Download or read book After the COVID-19 Crisis: Update on Complex Infectious Disease Issues in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Naomi P. O'Grady and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Naomi P. O'Grady and Sameer Kadri bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Complex Infectious Diseases Issues in the Intensive Care Unit. Affected immunity of patients with COVID-19 has made management of complex infectious diseases in the intensive care unit more important than ever. This issue provides key updates for managing these complex infectious diseases and includes current clinical information for COVID-19 patients, making this a state-of-the-art collection of review articles for practicing infectious disease physicians. Contains 13 practice-oriented topics including timing and spectrum of antibiotic treatment for suspected sepsis and septic shock; preparing an ICU for a lethal viral respiratory pandemic; rapid implementation of a system-level ICU pandemic surge staffing amidst quarantined staff and infection control barriers; management of serious SARS-CoV-2 infection with immunotherapies; supportive care in patients with critical COVID-19; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on complex infectious diseases issues in the ICU, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Complex Infectious Disease Issues in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323545572
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

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Book Synopsis Complex Infectious Disease Issues in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America by : Naomi P. O. O'Grady

Download or read book Complex Infectious Disease Issues in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America written by Naomi P. O. O'Grady and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Guest Editors, coming from the Critical Care Medicine Department in the NIH, are the top thought leaders in the area of infections in critical care. Their topic selections in this issue reflect the most clinically relevant and current information. The issue specifically covers the following topics: Catheter-related bloodstream infections: special considerations in diagnosis in the ICU; Sepsis-How does the new definition help clinicians; Therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics; High containment pathogen preparation; Multidrug resistant gram negative infections and enterococcus; Strategies to prevent transmission of resistant organisms; Antibiotic Stewardship: What the intensivist should know; C. Difficile infection in the ICU; Immunocompromised critically ill; Rapid diagnostics: The use of procalcitonin; Respiratory viruses in the ICU: Significance of rhino/rsv updates/adenovirus metapneumovirus; Management of invasive fungal disease in the ICU; Inhaled/Nebulized antibiotics. Infectious disease physicians and intensivists will be armed with the information they need to diagnose and treat patients with infections in the ICU.

Transplant-Related Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0443183791
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Transplant-Related Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Kimberly E. Hanson

Download or read book Transplant-Related Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Kimberly E. Hanson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-08-02 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue, guest editors bring their considerable expertise to this important topic. Contains 14 practice-oriented topics including COVID-19 prevention in organ transplant recipients; COVID-19 management in organ transplant recipients; updates in molecular diagnostics in organ transplant recipients; updates in immunizations for organ transplant recipients; data that inform “low hanging fruit antimicrobial stewardship interventions among solid organ transplant recipients; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews of transplant-related infections, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Covid 19 Infection, an Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 36

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780323919791
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Covid 19 Infection, an Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 36 by : Rachel Bender Ignacio

Download or read book Covid 19 Infection, an Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 36 written by Rachel Bender Ignacio and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Rachel Bender Ignacio and Rajesh T. Gandhi bring their considerable expertise to the topic of COVID-19 Infection. The evolving virology, wide range of symptoms, long-term health issues, mortality rate, effect on hospitals, and high transmission rate have made COVID-19 one of the worst health crises in recent times. In this issue, top experts in the field address key issues such as diagnostic testing, COVID-19 in pediatrics, post-acute sequelae, infection control, and much more, aiming to arm clinicians with the information they need to combat this deadly infection. Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including COVID-19 and global pandemic response, SARS CoV-2 transmission and prevention, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 treatment, equity and racial/ethnic disparities, and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on COVID-19, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Infections in Older Adults, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0443182256
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Infections in Older Adults, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Puja Van Epps

Download or read book Infections in Older Adults, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Puja Van Epps and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, guest editors Drs. Puja Van Epps and David H. Canaday bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Infections in Older Adults. Of the top ten leading causes of death in older adults, two (influenza and pneumonia, and septicemia) are directly related to infection, and infections likely play an important role in several of the other leading causes of death, as well. In this issue, top experts provide important updates on treating and managing infections, including COVID-19, in older adults. Contains 12 practice-oriented topics including sexually transmitted infections in older adults; resistant bacterial infections in older adults; anticoagulation and COVID-19 in long-term care; antimicrobial stewardship in older adults; prevention of COVID-19 in older adults; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on infections in older adults, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Hot Topics in Lung Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0443293813
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Hot Topics in Lung Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America by : Rachael Lee

Download or read book Hot Topics in Lung Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America written by Rachael Lee and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Infectious Disease Clinics, guest editors Rachael Lee and Helen W. Boucher bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Lung Infections. Top experts in the field provide important updates on hot topics such as Viral Pneumonias, Infectious Pulmonary Diseases, Infections in Heart and Lung Transplant Recipients, and more. Contains 12 practice-oriented topics including Opportunistic Infections Post-Lung Transplantation: Viral, Fungal, and Mycobacterial; Novel Approaches to Multidrug-Resistant Infections in Cystic Fibrosis; Coronavirus Disease-2019 in the Immunocompromised Host; Novel and Rapid Diagnostics for Common Infections in the Critically Ill Patient; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on lung infections, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Infection Challenges in the Critical Care Unit, An Issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323849113
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Infection Challenges in the Critical Care Unit, An Issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America by : May M. Riley

Download or read book Infection Challenges in the Critical Care Unit, An Issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America written by May M. Riley and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics, Guest Editor May M. Riley brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Infection Challenges in the Critical Care Unit. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Pulmonary Infections, Including Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Preventing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI), and more. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on Infection Challenges in the Critical Care Unit, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews. Contains 8 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Disease; Management of Sepsis; Multidrug-Resistant Candida Species and Candidiasis Infections; Infections in Geriatric Patients; Transmission and Multidrug-Resistant Organisms; and more.

Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part II: Clinical Management of Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323813704
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part II: Clinical Management of Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Keith S. Kaye

Download or read book Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part II: Clinical Management of Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Keith S. Kaye and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part II: Clinical Management of Infections, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book

COVID-19, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics, E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323987788
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis COVID-19, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics, E-Book by : Michelle Ng Gong

Download or read book COVID-19, An Issue of Critical Care Clinics, E-Book written by Michelle Ng Gong and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Critical Care Clinics, guest editors Drs. Michelle Ng Gong and Gregory S. Martin bring their considerable expertise to the topic of COVID-19. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as ECMO in COVID-19, neurologic manifestations and sequelae in COVID-19, pediatric COVID-19, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapeutics in COVID-19, the critical care surge during COVID-19 and lessons for the future, and more. Contains 11 relevant, practice-oriented topics including post-acute sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection; COVID-19 and renal failure; the role of acute thrombosis in COVID-19; COVID ARDS: different phenotype of ARDS or same diversity of phenotype in ARDS; COVID-19 in the critically ill pregnant patient; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on COVID-19, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Infection in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, E-Book

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Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323477585
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Infection in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Todd Tartavoulle

Download or read book Infection in the Intensive Care Unit, An Issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Todd Tartavoulle and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical care units are high-risk areas which contribute to increased health care costs and increased patient morbidity and mortality. Patients in critical care units are commonly confronted with existing and the potential to develop infections. Critical care practitioners play a crucial role as initial providers to critically ill patients with infections through the delivery of timely and appropriate therapies aimed to prevent and treat patient infections. The responsibility of critical care practitioners include prudent delivery of care to treat current infections as well as ensuring the delivery of care does not increase the development of new infections. Aggressive infection control measures are needed to reduce infections in critical care settings. Dissemination of scholarly work on the topic of infection in critically ill patients can play a role in improving patient outcomes. The information provided on infections in this issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics promotes the dissemination of current literature on a series of timely and relevant infection topics in critical care environments.

Infections in the Intensive Care Unit, an Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics

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Author :
Publisher : Saunders
ISBN 13 : 9781437712315
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Infections in the Intensive Care Unit, an Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics by : Marin H. Kollef

Download or read book Infections in the Intensive Care Unit, an Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics written by Marin H. Kollef and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue covers the full gamut of infectious disease issues encountered in the ICU, including the approach to the febrile patient, management of septic shock, severe community-acquired pneumonia, management of ventilator-associated pneumonia, approach to the immunocompromised host, bloodstream infection, severe soft tissue infections, management of intra-abdominal sepsis, meningitis and brain abscess, treatment of fungal infections, acute infective endocarditis, new antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and C. difficile infection.

Covid-19: A Critical Care Textbook - E-Book

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702085103
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Covid-19: A Critical Care Textbook - E-Book by : Chris Carter

Download or read book Covid-19: A Critical Care Textbook - E-Book written by Chris Carter and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-08-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the major redeployment of staff during the Covid-19 pandemic, this authoritative textbook provides a practical resource for healthcare professionals who may be new to acute and critical care settings. Written by nurses for nurses, the book will help readers master patient assessment, non-invasive ventilation, the use of high flow nasal oxygenation and renal care. You will learn about the challenges of resuscitation, leadership and responding to a public health emergency, and effective personal protection and hygiene practices. Covid-19: Critical Care textbook has been written by experts with frontline experience of working in hospitals during the pandemic and will remain relevant for those responding to future infectious disease outbreaks or waves of Covid-19. Self-assessment quizzes to support ongoing learning Suitable for staff re-deployed and those already working in acute and critical care areas Fully illustrated to demonstrate the use of PPE and coronavirus-specific procedures Contributions from key experts who have dealt directly with the disease provide practical insights

Communities in Action

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa, Volume II

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319325647
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa, Volume II by : Mario J. Azevedo

Download or read book Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa, Volume II written by Mario J. Azevedo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on Africa’s challenges, achievements, and failures over the past several centuries using an interdisciplinary approach that combines theory and fact and evidence-based practices and interventions in public health, and argues that most of the health problems in Africa are not a result of scarce or lack of resources, but of the misconceived and misplaced priorities that have left the continent behind every other on the globe in terms of health, education, and equitable distribution of opportunities and access to (quality) health as agreed by the United Nations member states at Alma-Ata in 1978.

Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309676932
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a standing committee of experts to help inform the federal government on critical science and policy issues related to emerging infectious diseases and other 21st century health threats. This set of Rapid Expert Consultations are the first of their kind and represent the best evidence available to the Committee at the time each publication was released. The science on these issues is continually evolving, and the scientific consensus the Committee reaches on these topics will likely evolve with it. The standing committee includes members with expertise in emerging infectious diseases, public health, public health preparedness and response, biological sciences, clinical care and crisis standards of care, risk communication, and regulatory issues.

Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351583387
Total Pages : 662 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine by : Cheston B. Cunha

Download or read book Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine written by Cheston B. Cunha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-12 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine 4E has been fully updated and revised. The clinical diagnostic approach to common infectious disease problems in the CCU is the underlying theme in the book. Emphasized throughout is the importance of formulating an accurate early presumptive clinical syndromic diagnosis which is the basis for selecting optimal initial antimicrobial therapy in the CCU. Without an accurate presumptive clinical diagnosis, effective therapy is unlikely at best. Based on the most probable clinical diagnosis, optimal antibiotic empiric therapy, based on antimicrobial stewardship principles, minimizes resistance and antibiotic complications in the CCU. This new edition features chapters that explain the tenets of differential diagnostic reasoning, differential diagnostic characteristics of fever patterns in the CCU. The proper interpretation of rapid diagnostic tests, in the appropriate clinical context, is included. The diagnostic importance of cardinal clinical findings, particularly when combined, in the appropriate clinical context is emphasized and remains the basis for clinical problem solving in the CCU. Uniquely, critical diagnostic physical findings in the CCU, including color atlas of diagnostic eye findings, are included as important diagnostic determinants in the CCU. Written by infectious disease clinicians for CCU consultants, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine 4E remains a useful evidence based and experience tempered key clinical resource for infectious disease problems in the CCU. Key Features Essentials of the tenets of clinical diagnostic reasoning is explained as it relates to formulating a rapid and accurate clinical syndromic diagnosis in the CCU The diagnostic significance of fever patterns and their relationship to the pulse rate in the proper clinical context is explained in depth as related to the CCU setting Formulating an accurate early clinical syndromic diagnosis is presented as essential since it is the basis of effective empiric antibiotic therapy in the CCU How to combine key non-specific laboratory and imaging findings to increase diagnostic specificity and diagnostic probability in the CCU is presented Clinical perspective on the proper interpretation of the clinical significance of rapid diagnostic test results in the CCU is included A clinical approach to apparent "antibiotic failure" in the CCU is presented either due to actual antibiotic failure or seeming but unrelated non-antibiotic failure Section focuses on the practical aspects of antimicrobial stewardship particularly as related to optimizing dosing effectiveness while minimizing resistance and adverse effects in the CCU