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Author : Eugene B. Habecker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action in the Independent College written by Eugene B. Habecker and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard Sander
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465030017
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Mismatch written by Richard Sander and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over affirmative action has raged for over four decades, with little give on either side. Most agree that it began as noble effort to jump-start racial integration; many believe it devolved into a patently unfair system of quotas and concealment. Now, with the Supreme Court set to rule on a case that could sharply curtail the use of racial preferences in American universities, law professor Richard Sander and legal journalist Stuart Taylor offer a definitive account of what affirmative action has become, showing that while the objective is laudable, the effects have been anything but. Sander and Taylor have long admired affirmative action's original goals, but after many years of studying racial preferences, they have reached a controversial but undeniable conclusion: that preferences hurt underrepresented minorities far more than they help them. At the heart of affirmative action's failure is a simple phenomenon called mismatch. Using dramatic new data and numerous interviews with affected former students and university officials of color, the authors show how racial preferences often put students in competition with far better-prepared classmates, dooming many to fall so far behind that they can never catch up. Mismatch largely explains why, even though black applicants are more likely to enter college than whites with similar backgrounds, they are far less likely to finish; why there are so few black and Hispanic professionals with science and engineering degrees and doctorates; why black law graduates fail bar exams at four times the rate of whites; and why universities accept relatively affluent minorities over working class and poor people of all races. Sander and Taylor believe it is possible to achieve the goal of racial equality in higher education, but they argue that alternative policies -- such as full public disclosure of all preferential admission policies, a focused commitment to improving socioeconomic diversity on campuses, outreach to minority communities, and a renewed focus on K-12 schooling -- will go farther in achieving that goal than preferences, while also allowing applicants to make informed decisions. Bold, controversial, and deeply researched, Mismatch calls for a renewed examination of this most divisive of social programs -- and for reforms that will help realize the ultimate goal of racial equality.
Author : Kul B. Rai
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 9780803239340
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (393 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action and the University written by Kul B. Rai and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative Action and the University is the only full-length study to examine the impact of affirmative action on all higher education hiring practices. Drawing onødata provided by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the U.S. Department of Education?s National Center for Education Statistics, the authors summarize, track, and evaluate changes in the gender and ethnic makeup of academic and nonacademic employees at private and public colleges and universities from the late 1970s through the mid-1990s. Separate chapters assess changes in employment opportunities for white women, blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The authors look at the extent to which a two-tier employment system exists. In such a system minorities and women are more likely to make their greatest gains in non-elite positions rather than in faculty and administrative positions. The authors also examine differences in hiring practices between public and private colleges and universities.
Author : Kathryn Swanson
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
ISBN 13 : 9780810814110
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action and Preferential Admissions in Higher Education written by Kathryn Swanson and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 1981-82 Joseph L. Andrews Bibliographical Award presented by the American Association of Law Librarians ...an excellent bibliography which addresses a very important contemporary issue. It deserves a place in the collections of large public libraries, law libraries, and most academic institutions. --RQ
Author : Eboni M. Zamani-Gallaher
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000971171
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Case for Affirmative Action on Campus written by Eboni M. Zamani-Gallaher and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Marshalls the arguments for affirmative action* Offers strategies for actionWhy is affirmative action under attack? What were the policy’s original purposes, and have they been achieved? What are the arguments being arrayed against it? And–for all stakeholders concerned about equity and diversity on campus–what’s the way forward, politically, legally, and practically?The authors explore the historical context, the philosophical and legal foundations of affirmative action, present contemporary attitudes to the issue on and off campus, and uncover the tactics and arguments of its opponents. They conclude by offering strategies to counter the erosion of affirmative action, change the basis of the discourse, and coordinate institutional support to foster inclusive college environments and multi-ethnic campus communities.This book analyzes the ideological and legal construction of colorblind legislation that has led to the de facto exclusion of people of color from institutions of higher education. It addresses the role of the courts in affecting affirmative action in higher education as a workplace and place of study. It documents the under-representation of collegians of color and presents research on student opinion on race-based policies at two- and four-year institutions. It details the pervasiveness of the affirmative action debate across educational sectors and the status of race among myriad factors considered in college admissions. Finally, it considers affirmative action as a pipeline issue and in the light of educational policy.
Author : Jody Feder
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781481907200
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action and Diversity in Public Education written by Jody Feder and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than three decades after the Supreme Court ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the diversity rationale for affirmative action in public education remains a topic of political and legal controversy. Many colleges and universities have implemented affirmative action policies not only to remedy past discrimination, but also to achieve a racially and ethnically diverse student body or faculty. Justice Powell, in his opinion for the Bakke Court, stated that the attainment of a diverse student body is "a constitutionally permissible goal for an institution of higher education," noting that "[t]he atmosphere of 'speculation, experiment, and creation' so essential to the quality of higher education is widely believed to be promoted by a diverse student body." In subsequent years, however, federal courts began to question the Powell rationale, unsettling expectations about whether diversity-based affirmative action in educational admissions and faculty hiring is constitutional under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. After a series of conflicting lower court rulings were issued regarding the use of race to promote a diverse student body, the Supreme Court agreed to review the race-conscious admissions policies used by the undergraduate and law school admissions programs at the University of Michigan. In Grutter v. Bollinger, a 5 to 4 majority of the Justices held that the University Law School had a "compelling" interest in the "educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body," which justified its race-based efforts to assemble a "critical mass" of "underrepresented" minority students. But in the companion decision, Gratz v. Bollinger, six Justices decided that the University's policy of awarding "racial bonus points" to minority applicants was not "narrowly tailored" enough to pass constitutional scrutiny. The decisions resolved, for the time being, the doctrinal muddle left in Bakke's wake. And because the Court's constitutional holdings translate to the private sector under the federal civil rights laws, nonpublic schools, colleges, and universities are likewise affected. However, the Grutter and Gratz decisions did not address whether diversity is a permissible goal in the elementary and secondary educational setting. To resolve this question, the Supreme Court agreed to review two cases that involved the use of race to maintain racially diverse public schools and to avoid racial segregation. In a consolidated 2007 ruling in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, the Court struck down the Seattle and Louisville school plans at issue, holding that they violated the equal protection guarantee of the Fourteenth Amendment. Meanwhile, the Court is poised to revisit the issue of affirmative action in higher education during the current 2012-2013 term. The case, Fisher v. University of Texas, involves an equal protection challenge to the undergraduate admissions plan at the University of Texas at Austin, which, in a stated effort to increase diversity, considers race as a factor when evaluating applicants to the school.
Author : Sheryll Cashin
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807086150
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Place, Not Race written by Sheryll Cashin and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a nationally recognized expert, a fresh and original argument for bettering affirmative action Race-based affirmative action had been declining as a factor in university admissions even before the recent spate of related cases arrived at the Supreme Court. Since Ward Connerly kickstarted a state-by-state political mobilization against affirmative action in the mid-1990s, the percentage of four-year public colleges that consider racial or ethnic status in admissions has fallen from 60 percent to 35 percent. Only 45 percent of private colleges still explicitly consider race, with elite schools more likely to do so, although they too have retreated. For law professor and civil rights activist Sheryll Cashin, this isn’t entirely bad news, because as she argues, affirmative action as currently practiced does little to help disadvantaged people. The truly disadvantaged—black and brown children trapped in high-poverty environs—are not getting the quality schooling they need in part because backlash and wedge politics undermine any possibility for common-sense public policies. Using place instead of race in diversity programming, she writes, will better amend the structural disadvantages endured by many children of color, while enhancing the possibility that we might one day move past the racial resentment that affirmative action engenders. In Place, Not Race, Cashin reimagines affirmative action and champions place-based policies, arguing that college applicants who have thrived despite exposure to neighborhood or school poverty are deserving of special consideration. Those blessed to have come of age in poverty-free havens are not. Sixty years since the historic decision, we’re undoubtedly far from meeting the promise of Brown v. Board of Education, but Cashin offers a new framework for true inclusion for the millions of children who live separate and unequal lives. Her proposals include making standardized tests optional, replacing merit-based financial aid with need-based financial aid, and recruiting high-achieving students from overlooked places, among other steps that encourage cross-racial alliances and social mobility. A call for action toward the long overdue promise of equality, Place, Not Race persuasively shows how the social costs of racial preferences actually outweigh any of the marginal benefits when effective race-neutral alternatives are available.
Author : Richard D. Kahlenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780870785191
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (851 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action for the Rich written by Richard D. Kahlenberg and published by . This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of race-based affirmative action in higher education has given rise to hundreds of books and law review articles, numerous court decisions, and several state initiatives to ban the practice. However, surprisingly little has been said or written or done to challenge a larger, longstanding "affirmative action" program that tends to benefit wealthy whites: legacy preferences for the children of alumni. "Affirmative Action for the Rich" sketches the origins of legacy preferences, examines the philosophical issues they raise, outlines the extent of their use today, studies their impact on university fundraising, and reviews their implications for civil rights. In addition, the book outlines two new theories challenging the legality of legacy preferences, examines how a judge might review those claims, and assesses public policy options for curtailing alumni preferences. The book includes chapters by Michael Lind of the New America Foundation; Peter Schmidt of the "Chronicle of Higher Education"; former "Wall Street Journal" reporter Daniel Golden; Chad Coffman of Winnemac Consulting, attorney Tara O'Neil, and student Brian Starr; John Brittain of the University of the District of Columbia Law School and attorney Eric Bloom; Carlton Larson of the University of California--Davis School of Law; attorneys Steve Shadowen and Sozi Tulante; Sixth Circuit Court Judge Boyce F. Martin Jr. and attorney Donya Khalili; and education writer Peter Sacks.
Author : Kent M. Weeks
Publisher : Baylor University, J. M. Dawson Institute of Church-State Studies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Legal Deskbook for Administrators of Independent Colleges and Universities written by Kent M. Weeks and published by Baylor University, J. M. Dawson Institute of Church-State Studies. This book was released on 1993 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter G. Schmidt
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 0230607403
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Color and Money written by Peter G. Schmidt and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2007-08-07 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the real story behind the fight over affirmative action at colleges? Veteran journalist Peter Schmidt exposes truths that will outrage readers and forever transform the debate. He reveals how: * colleges use affirmative action to mask how much they cater to the country club crowd and to solicit support from the big corporations they steer minority students toward; * conservatives have used opposition to affirmative action to advance a broader agenda that includes gutting government programs that help level the playing field; * selective colleges reward families for shielding their children from contact with other races and classes and help perpetuate societal discrimination by favoring applicants from expensive private schools or public schools in exclusive communities; * racial tensions like those witnessed at Duke University, the University of Michigan, and scores of other campuses in recent decades are a direct result of college admissions policies; * affirmative-action preferences for women and minorities may have survived recent court challenges, but in much of the nation they are unlikely to survive the forces of democracy; and * regardless of what happens with affirmative action, African Americans are going to be denied equal access to colleges for many decades to come unless American society undergoes revolutionary change. This is a startling, brave, and thoroughly researched book that will ignite a national debate on class and education for years to come.
Author : Mildred Garcia
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438403836
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action's Testament of Hope written by Mildred Garcia and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1997-07-24 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we stand at the threshold of the next century, this book begins to confront the question: how can affirmative action be constructed for the twenty-first century to protect those discriminated against at our colleges and universities? From admitting students to hiring faculty, administrators, and staff, to making tenure decisions, affirmative action has made an indelible imprint on the university environment. Over thirty years have passed since the implementation of Title VII in 1965, and questions, issues, and challenges are continually brought to the forefront. This book considers the impact of affirmative action in higher education, thereby addressing these important concerns.
Author : Laura Dudley Jenkins
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317748468
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action Matters written by Laura Dudley Jenkins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative Action Matters focuses specifically on affirmative action policies in higher education admissions, the sphere that has been the most controversial in many of the nations that have such policies. It brings together distinguished scholars from diverse nations to examine and discuss the historical, political and philosophical contexts of affirmative action and clarify policy developments to further the meaningful equality of educational opportunity. This unique volume includes both well established and emerging policies from the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia, policies which developed under a variety of political systems and target a range of underrepresented groups, based on race, ethnicity, gender, class, social background, or region. Accessible and thought provoking case studies of affirmative action demonstrate that such policies are expanding to different countries and target populations. While some countries, such as India, have affirmative action policies that predate those in the United States, affirmative action is a recent development in countries such as Brazil and France. Legal or political pressures to move away from explicitly race-based policies in several countries have complicated affirmative action and make this assessment of international alternatives particularly timely. New or newly modified policies target a variety of disadvantaged groups, based on geography, class, or caste, in addition to race or sex. International scholars in six countries spanning five continents offer insights into their own countries’ experiences to examine the implications of policy shifts from race toward other categories of disadvantage, to consider best practices in student admission policies, and to assess the future of affirmative action.
Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781795705271
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (52 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action and Equal Protection in Higher Education written by Congressional Research Service and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-02-02 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When federal courts have analyzed and addressed "affirmative action" in higher education, they have done so in two distinct but related senses, both under the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of "equal protection." The first has its roots in the original sense of "affirmative action: " the mandatory use of race by public education systems to eliminate the remnants of state-imposed racial segregation. Because state-sanctioned race segregation in public education violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, in certain cases involving a state's formerly de jure segregated public university system, a state's consideration of race in its higher education policies and practices may be an affirmative obligation. As the U.S. Supreme Court explained in its consequential 1992 decision United States v. Fordice, equal protection may require states that formerly maintained de jure segregated university systems to consider race for the purpose of eliminating all vestiges of their prior "dual" systems. Drawing upon its precedent addressing racially segregated public schools in the K-12 context, the Court established a three-part legal standard in Fordice for evaluating the sufficiency and effectiveness of a state's efforts in "dismantl[ing]" its formerly de jure segregated public university system. To that remedial end, mandatory race-conscious measures-in this de jure context-are not limited to admissions. Instead, remedies may also address policies and practices relating to academic programs, institutional missions, funding, and other aspects of public university operations. Outside this de jure context, "affirmative action" has come to refer to a different category of race-conscious policies. These involve what the Court at one time called the "benign" use of racial classifications-voluntary measures designed not to remedy past de jure discrimination, but to help racial minorities overcome the effects of their earlier exclusion. And for institutions of higher education, the Court has addressed one type of affirmative action policy in particular: the use of race as a factor in admissions decisions, a practice now widely observed by both public and private colleges and universities. The federal courts have come to subject these voluntary race-conscious policies-"affirmative action" in its perhaps more familiar sense-to a particularly searching form of review known as strict scrutiny. And even though this heightened judicial scrutiny has long been regarded as strict in theory but fatal in fact, the Court's review of race-conscious admissions policies in higher education has proved a notable exception, with the Court having twice upheld universities' use of race as one of many factors considered when assembling their incoming classes. The Court has long grappled with this seeming tension-between the strictness of its scrutiny and its approval of race-conscious admissions policies-beginning with its landmark 1978 decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke through its 2016 decision in Fisher v. University of Texas. Though the Equal Protection Clause generally concerns public universities and their constitutional obligations under the Fourteenth Amendment, federal statutory law also plays a role in ensuring equal protection in higher education. To that end, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits recipients of federal funding-including private colleges and universities-from, at a minimum, discriminating against students and applicants in a manner that would violate the Equal Protection Clause. Federal agencies, including the Departments of Justice and Education, investigate and administratively enforce institutions' compliance with Title VI.
Author : Carter, J. Scott
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1529201136
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)
Download or read book The Death of Affirmative Action written by Carter, J. Scott and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative action in US college admissions have inspired fierce debate and several US Supreme Court cases. In this significant study, leading US professors J. Scott Carter and Cameron D. Lippard provide an in-depth examination of the issue using sociological, policy and legal perspectives to frame both pro- and anti-affirmative action arguments, within past and present Supreme Court cases. With affirmative action policy under constant attack, this is an urgent addition not only to explain the state of this policy but also to further deconstruct the current state of race and racism in American society.
Author : Jamillah Moore
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 9780786419845
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Race and College Admissions written by Jamillah Moore and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2005-02-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative action was meant to redress the lingering vestiges of the discrimination and exclusion so prominent in America's past and afford underrepresented groups the opportunities most take for granted. Its impact on higher learning has been immeasurable: diversity is part of the mission of most colleges and universities, and exposure to a variety of ethnicities, cultures and perspectives benefits all. Yet institutions are scrambling to reevaluate their mission and methods as courts mandate colorblind admissions and affirmative action is misconstrued and attacked as reverse discrimination, patronizing and insulting to minorities, or simply unnecessary. Diversity has plummeted on many campuses as a result, and elite institutions now struggle to enroll underrepresented groups. Discussions of the controversy reflect little understanding of the role of race in college admissions, ignore the fact that eligibility does not guarantee admission, and falsely cast affirmative action as a policy based on race alone. This assessment of the role of race in college admissions examines misconceptions surrounding affirmative action and the place of race in the admission process. Chapters explore declining diversity; the effect upon professional schools; the historical perspective of the subject; the courts' role in affirmative action; inequities in the admissions process; percentage plans as an alternative; the detrimental results of "colorblind" admissions; and ways to address the problem.
Author : U.s. Commission on Civil Rights
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781482016970
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (169 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action in American Law Schools written by U.s. Commission on Civil Rights and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 16, 2006, a panel of experts briefed members of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on affirmative action in American law schools. The panel convened to debate the empirical strength of the research on the effects of racial preferences in law school admissions and the legal and policy implications of the American Bar Association's diversity standards. Richard Sander, professor at University of California at Los Angeles Law School, and Richard O. Lempert, professor at the University of Michigan Law School, addressed the impact of racial preferences in law school admissions on the academic performance and bar admissions of African-American students. David Bernstein, Professor of Law at George Mason University, and Dean Steven Smith, Chair of the American Bar Association's Council on the Section on Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar and Dean of the California Western School of Law, addressed the standards by which law schools are accredited by the Council and the Council's then proposed changes.
Author : U. S. Commission Civil Rights
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781523416172
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (161 download)
Download or read book Affirmative Action in American Law Schools written by U. S. Commission Civil Rights and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-01-15 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 16, 2006, a panel of experts briefed members of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on affirmative action in American law schools. The panel convened to debate the empirical strength of the research on the effects of racial preferences in law school admissions and the legal and policy implications of the American Bar Association's diversity standards. Richard Sander, professor at University of California at Los Angeles Law School, and Richard O. Lempert, professor at the University of Michigan Law School, addressed the impact of racial preferences in law school admissions on the academic performance and bar admissions of African-American students. David Bernstein, Professor of Law at George Mason University, and Dean Steven Smith, Chair of the American Bar Association's Council on the Section on Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar and Dean of the California Western School of Law, addressed the standards by which law schools are accredited by the Council and the Council's then proposed changes.
