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Advances In Tissue Banking Vol 3
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Book Synopsis Advances In Tissue Banking, Vol 3 by : Abdul Aziz Nather
Download or read book Advances In Tissue Banking, Vol 3 written by Abdul Aziz Nather and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-08-16 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides new information about the inter-disciplinary field of tissue banking and related clinical applications, and complements the previous two volumes. It gives comprehensive coverage of the regulatory framework of the subject, as well as production and sterilisation of tissue allografts (bone, skin and new substitutes). The use of tissue allografts in orthopaedic and replacement surgery for the treatment of burns, etc. is described.
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Banking by : Glyn O. Phillips
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Banking written by Glyn O. Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Tissue Banking is the only series of publications where producers and clinical users of tissues can learn in one place about developments in this interdisciplinary field. This important volume concentrates on the new leading topics, and bridges the tissue banking technology and the scientific developments, which fuel this rapidly growing field. It presents the regulatory controls being introduced in the USA, Europe and Japan, as well as the relationship among technical orthopaedics, in vitro tissue engineering, and osteoinduction. New subject areas in the volume include cell processing and preservation, particularly for islet and stem cells; preservation, processing and viability of vascular grafts; and gland transplantation. Collagen biochemistry is reviewed and linked to skin substitutes and skin banking. The volume fully reflects present global developments, with contributions from Spain, Japan, Russia, Poland, Estonia and the USA, among other countries.
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Banking by : Glyn O. Phillips
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Banking written by Glyn O. Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive volume dealing with tissue banking presently available, with 27 contributions from the most distinguished and experienced practitioners in the field: surgeons, microbiologists and tissue bankers. Safety of allografts is now a major concern due to possible microbial and viral contamination of tissues, even in the most sophisticated centres. Thus, publication here of the International Atomic Energy Agency''s Code of Practice for the Radiation Sterilisation of Tissues is important, as is their guidance on Standards and Public Awareness regarding this often misunderstood technology. The volume spans all the methodologies used in the field and covers a spectrum of tissues: bone, skin, cardiovascular grafts, corneal grafts and sperm banking. Of particular interest in these days of gigantic disasters is the evaluation of the value of an effective tissue bank during the Volendam burns disaster in the Netherlands and the horrific disaster in OC Messa RedondaOCO Peru. Orthopaedics, as usual, has the premier usage of tissues and this volume is graced by a landmark contribution from that doyen of massive allograft surgery, Henry Mankin. Balancing out the US experience is a contribution from Russia, which outlines new approaches to using allograft and autograft bone. The motivation for such a comprehensive volume came at the congress held in Boston, which drew together all the international associations of tissue banking: American, Asia-Pacific, Latin American and European. The whole world has been harnessed to construct this outstanding and historic volume. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Programme in Radiation and Tissue Banking: Past and Present (93 KB). Contents: The Contribution of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to Tissue Banking; Safety of Tissue Allografts; Ethical and Social Aspects of Tissue Banking; Tissue Grafts in Orthopaedics; Caradiovascular Grafts; Cornea Grafts; Sperm Banking; Cryopreservation. Readership: Tissue bank operators, orthopaedic surgeons, radiation biologists and government agency policy-makers."
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Banking by : Glyn O Phillips
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Banking written by Glyn O Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-04-13 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ' This is the most comprehensive volume dealing with tissue banking presently available, with 27 contributions from the most distinguished and experienced practitioners in the field: surgeons, microbiologists and tissue bankers. Safety of allografts is now a major concern due to possible microbial and viral contamination of tissues, even in the most sophisticated centres. Thus, publication here of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Code of Practice for the Radiation Sterilisation of Tissues is important, as is their guidance on Standards and Public Awareness regarding this often misunderstood technology. The volume spans all the methodologies used in the field and covers a spectrum of tissues: bone, skin, cardiovascular grafts, corneal grafts and sperm banking. Of particular interest in these days of gigantic disasters is the evaluation of the value of an effective tissue bank during the Volendam burns disaster in the Netherlands and the horrific disaster in “Messa Redonda” Peru. Orthopaedics, as usual, has the premier usage of tissues and this volume is graced by a landmark contribution from that doyen of massive allograft surgery, Henry Mankin. Balancing out the US experience is a contribution from Russia, which outlines new approaches to using allograft and autograft bone. The motivation for such a comprehensive volume came at the congress held in Boston, which drew together all the international associations of tissue banking: American, Asia-Pacific, Latin American and European. The whole world has been harnessed to construct this outstanding and historic volume. Contents:The Contribution of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to Tissue BankingSafety of Tissue AllograftsEthical and Social Aspects of Tissue BankingTissue Grafts in OrthopaedicsCaradiovascular GraftsCornea GraftsSperm BankingCryopreservation Readership: Tissue bank operators, orthopaedic surgeons, radiation biologists and government agency policy-makers. Keywords:Safety;Tissue Banking;Orthopaedics;Radiation Sterilisation;Contamination;Standards;Awareness;CryopreservationReviews:“This book is a valuable resource for those intimately involved with the operations or development of a tissue bank. In addition, for researchers interested in the clinical use of allogenic and autologous materials, this book will provide a plethora of information useful for conducting studies.”International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery '
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Banking by : G O Phillips
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Banking written by G O Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-09-05 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series has now established itself as the leading publication on the multi-disciplinary subject of tissue banking. The high quality of the contributors and the broad coverage of the subject have continued in Volume 4. The material given in this volume is not presented anywhere else as systematically or as authoritatively. The essential feature in establishing confidence in the quality and safety of allografts is the manufacturing quality system utilised. This volume describes the most recent approach to good manufacturing control. Throughout the world, the old cottage approach to tissue banking is being abandoned, mainly due to the insistence by regulatory authorities that the procedures should be standardised and rigorous infection control applied. The experience in a number of countries is described in this volume, giving the reader quick access to developments in Argentina, Finland, Indonesia, Scotland and France. These represent a geographical and cultural spread of the developments. A balance needs to be struck between the use of allografts and of bone substitutes, depending on the clinical condition and the availability of grafts in a particular situation. The subject areas — such as mandibular reconstruction, spinal surgery, surgery and reconstruction of bone tumours and acetabular revision — covered in this volume demonstrate the universality of this technique. The use of allografts for the repair of knee ligaments has been and remains a controversial subject. The contributions on this subject will surely be an important and positive addition to this debate. Contents:Quality Management Systems in Tissue BankingInternational Tissue Banking:Radiation Sterilisation and the Surgical Use of Bone Allografts in ArgentinaBone Banking and Clinical Use of Allograft Bone in FinlandFrench National Tissue Banking ActivityThe Development of Tissue Banks in IndonesiaTissue Banking in ScotlandAllografts and Bone Substitutes in Orthopaedics and Manibular Reconstruction:Mandibular Reconstruction Using Bone AllograftsUse of Allografts in Spinal Surgery in SingaporeApplication of Allografts in Orthopaedic SurgeryNon-Cemented Acetabular Revision: Large Defects Filled with Morselised Bone Transplant Give Poor ResultsVascularised Fibula in Tumour ReconstructionAllografts in the Knee:Allografts in Knee Ligament Surgery: PCL Reconstruction by Means of Bifasciculated Achilles Tendon AllograftAnterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Fresh-Frozen Patella Tendon. Two Years Minimum Follow-UpAllograft Prosthetic Composites:Allograft Prosthetic Composite Reconstructions in Revision Hip and Knee ArthroplastiesThe Use of Allograft Prosthetic Composite (APC) in the Proximal Tibia After Bone Tumour ResectionStandards for Musculo-Skeletal Tissue Banking Readership: Tissue bankers, orthopaedic surgeons, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, transplant coordinators, health regulators and users of tissues in other medical specialities. Keywords:Quality Management;Allografts;Bone Substitutes;Allograft Ligament Reconstruction;Anterior Cruciate Ligament;Posterior Ligament;Allograft-Prosthetic Composites;Standards, Tissue Banking;Musculo-Skeletal Tissue Banking;International Tissue Banking;Argentina, Finland, France, Indonesia, Scotland;Tissue Grafts;Transplantation;Allografts;Bone;Substitutes;Composites;Knee;Prosthesis;Quality
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Banking by : G. O. Phillips
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Banking written by G. O. Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides the only published information in the inter-disciplinary field of tissue banking. It gives comprehensive coverage of the regulatory framework of the subject, as well as production and sterilisation of tissue allografts, (bone, skin and new substitutes). The use of tissue allografts in orthopaedic and replacement surgery for the treatment of burns. etc. is described.
Book Synopsis Legal Basis Of Global Tissue Banking: A Proactive Clinical Perspective by : Glyn O Phillips
Download or read book Legal Basis Of Global Tissue Banking: A Proactive Clinical Perspective written by Glyn O Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The banking of human tissues for clinical transplantation has grown exponentially in the past 10-15 years. Tissue banks have been set up throughout the world, initially on an ad hoc basis. More recently these have grown and in many countries have linked up with larger international companies. While standards for the procurement, processing and storage of the tissues have kept pace with the growth of the subject, this is not so with the legal considerations associated with the practice. There is no unified legal system which is internationally operated. Europe, USA, Asia, Latin America, China have been developing legal systems on an individual basis.This book describes the present state of the development of laws to control and make the banking and use of tissues legal and safe. It describes, for the first time, the current systems which are used throughout the world and points the way to setting up a harmonized global legal system.
Book Synopsis Advances In Tissue Banking, Vol 2 by : Abdul Aziz Nather
Download or read book Advances In Tissue Banking, Vol 2 written by Abdul Aziz Nather and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-09-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of tissue banking is the second of a series extending the interdisciplinary field. All of the authors of this book have been major contributors of scientific and medical publications in their respective specialities. There are articles covering blood transfusion; bone marrow and stem cell transplantation; immunology and the role of immunology in musculoskeletal transplantation, various aspects of cryopreservation of organs, cartilage and tendons; organ perfusion preservation; the history and long term follow-up of osteochondral allografts, both frozen and fresh; neurosurgical applications; cardiovascular applications; the use of skin and newer biological membranes for wound coverage.The book is of particular importance, in that it has been written in memory of Kenneth W Sell, MD, PhD, a pioneer and promulgator of tissue banking and transplantation. Many of the physicians, surgeons and scientists who trained under his leadership have gone on to distinguish themselves in the various aspects of transplantation. Many of them have contributed to this book, exemplifying the diversity of Dr Sell's contributions to tissue banking and transplantation.
Book Synopsis Radiation in Tissue Banking by : Aziz Nather
Download or read book Radiation in Tissue Banking written by Aziz Nather and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book discusses the need for gamma irradiation in the processing of tissue allografts. With particular emphasis on tissue banking in the Asia-Pacific region, it covers a wide range of issues in tissue banking, including the basic science of radiation, quality control of the irradiation process, and clinical applications of irradiated bone grafts and amnions. A compulsory textbook for the well-regarded Singapore-based IAEA/NUS Diploma Course in Tissue Banking, it is also a useful guide for tissue bankers in establishing quality systems in their banks. Whether they be tissue banking students, tissue graft producers, radiation scientists, or transplantation surgeons, readers of this book will discover the latest developments in this exciting interdisciplinary field.
Book Synopsis Essentials of Tissue Banking by : George Galea
Download or read book Essentials of Tissue Banking written by George Galea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a coherent and up-to-date review of the scientific and technical principles in routine tissue banking practices, incorporating a plethora of new guidance and regulatory documents produced in response to recent regulation.
Book Synopsis Allograft Procurement, Processing And Transplantation: A Comprehensive Guide For Tissue Banks by : Abdul Aziz Nather
Download or read book Allograft Procurement, Processing And Transplantation: A Comprehensive Guide For Tissue Banks written by Abdul Aziz Nather and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written as a comprehensive guide for all tissue bank operators to procure and process bone and soft tissue allografts of highest quality standards for safe tissue transplantation practice in patients who require musculoskeletal tissue allograft transplantation. This comprehensive guide includes donor selection criteria, aseptic procurement techniques, laboratory testing and processing of grafts by deep freezing or freeze drying. It also includes sterilization of tissue grafts using gamma irradiation. Quality controls of tissue grafts are discussed in depth. The clinical transplantation of bone and soft tissue allografts is also discussed, with special consideration given to potential complications. Principles of sterile technique in the operating theater are described. The book also incorporates the basic sciences of tissue banking including anatomy, biomechanics, microbiology and immunology. It also covers radiation science so that the reader can better understand radiation sterilization of tissue grafts. Included in the book is a guide for public awareness programmes, radiation code of practice and general standards for tissue banking as recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Banking by : Glyn O Phillips
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Banking written by Glyn O Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-11-05 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Tissue Banking is the only series of publications where producers and clinical users of tissues can learn in one place about developments in this interdisciplinary field. This important volume concentrates on the new leading topics, and bridges the tissue banking technology and the scientific developments, which fuel this rapidly growing field. It presents the regulatory controls being introduced in the USA, Europe and Japan, as well as the relationship among technical orthopaedics, in vitro tissue engineering, and osteoinduction. New subject areas in the volume include cell processing and preservation, particularly for islet and stem cells; preservation, processing and viability of vascular grafts; and gland transplantation. Collagen biochemistry is reviewed and linked to skin substitutes and skin banking. The volume fully reflects present global developments, with contributions from Spain, Japan, Russia, Poland, Estonia and the USA, among other countries. Contents:Regulatory and Donation SystemsMusculoskeletalCell Processing and PreservationVascular GraftsCollagen and SkinFactors Influencing Gland Transplantation Readership: Tissue bank operators, orthopaedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, radiation biologists and government agency policy-makers. Keywords:
Book Synopsis Advances in Tissue Engineering by : Julia Polak
Download or read book Advances in Tissue Engineering written by Julia Polak and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-08-20 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Tissue Engineering is a unique volume and the first of its kind to bring together leading names in the field of tissue engineering and stem cell research. A relatively young science, tissue engineering can be seen in both scientific and sociological contexts and successes in the field are now leading to clinical reality. This book attempts to define the path from basic science to practical application. A contribution from the UK Stem Cell Bank and opinions of venture capitalists offer a variety of viewpoints, and exciting new areas of stem cell biology are highlighted. With over fifty stellar contributors, this book presents the most up-to-date information in this very topical and exciting field. Contents:Tissue Engineering: Past, Present and Future:An Introduction (R M Nerem)Cells for Tissue Engineering:A Brief Introduction to Different Cell Types (L Buttery & K M Shakesheff)Human Embryonic Stem Cells: International Policy and Regulation (M Allyse & S Minger)Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Derivation and Culture (E L Stephenson et al.)Stem Cells Differentiation (P V Guillot & W Cui)Marrow Stem Cells (D G Phinney)Cord Blood Stem Cells — Potentials and Realities (C P McGuckin & N Forraz)Fat Stem Cells (J M Gimble et al.)Control of Adult Stem Cell Function in Bioengineered Artificial Niches (M P Lutolf & H M Blau)Stem Cell Immunology (A P Hollander & D C Wraith)Development of a Design of Experiment Methodology: Applications to the Design and Analysis of Experiments (M Lim & A Mantalaris)Banking Stem Cell Lines for Future Therapies (G N Stacey & C J Hunt)Materials:Synthetic Biomaterials as Cell-Responsive Artificial Extracellular Matrices (M P Lutolf & J A Hubbell)Bioactive Composite Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (S Verrier & A R Boccaccini)Aggregation of Cells Using Biomaterials and Bioreactors (Z Bayoussef & K M Shakesheff)Nanotechnology for Tissue Engineering (J S Stephens-Altus & J L West)Microscale Technologies for Tissue Engineering (A Khademhosseini et al.)Non-Invasive Methods to Monitor Tissue Re-Modelling: Biosensors(T Cass)Tissue-Engineering Monitoring Using Microdialysis (Z-H Li et al.)Characterisation of Tissue Engineering Constructs by Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) (I Notingher & J R Jones)Role of Stem Cell Imaging in Regenerative Medicine (G Passacquale & K Bhakoo)Biotechnology Sector:Lessons Learnt (N L Parenteau et al.)The Promise of Stem Cells: A Venture Capital Perspective (C Prescott)Tissue Engineering Products:Cell Expansion, Cell Encapsulation, 3D Cultures (J M Polak & A Mantalaris)Bioreactor Engineering: Regenerating the Dynamic Cell Microenvironment (T Dvir & S Cohen)UK Regulatory Issues: The View from the Researcher (C Munro & N Harris)Tissue Repair:Stem Cell Therapy: Past, Present, and Future (F Baron & R Storb)Tissue Engineered Skin Comes of Age? (S MacNeil)Liver Repair (N Levicar et al.)Tissue Engineering for Tooth Regeneration (I A Diakonov & P Sharpe)Urogenital Repair (A Atala)Cardiac Repair:Basic Science (S E Harding)Cardiac Repair Clinical Trials (A Green & E Alton)Myocardial Recovery Following LVAD Support (R S George & E J Birks)Osteoarticular Repair:Animal Models (E A Horner et al.)In Vitro 3D Human Tissue Models for Osteochondral Diseases (S Ghosh & D L Kaplan)Application of Tissue Engineering for Craniofacial Reconstruction (D M Gupta et al.)Clinical Trials (A K Haudenschild & M H Hedrick)Lung Repair:Tissue Engineering for the Respiratory Epithelium: Is There a Future for Stem Cell Therapy in the Lung? (V Besnard & J A Whitsett)The Artificial Lung (A N Maurer & G Matheis) Readership: Stem cell researchers, clinicians, surgeons and biotechnology companies. Keywords:Stem Cells;Tissue Engineering;Regenerative Medicine;BiomaterialsKey Features:Discusses in-depth a topical subject, treated with the very latest informationWritten by leading contributors in the field, with the world-renowned Professor Dame Julia Polak as the lead editorContains an array of color diagrams and illustrationsDiffers from competing titles in that its coverage ranges from the basic science of stem cells and biomaterials to clinical applications, policy issues, views from the commercial sector and many others
Book Synopsis The Scientific Basis of Tissue Transplantation by : G. O. Phillips
Download or read book The Scientific Basis of Tissue Transplantation written by G. O. Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book contains in one volume various subjects, including anatomy, physiology, microbiology, radiation sciences, biology of healing of allografts, biomechanics of allografts and transplantation immunology. It is intended for easy and comprehensive use by practitioners in the field of tissue banking and tissue transplantation. It can also serve as a textbook for a course in tissue banking. Sample Chapter(s). Introduction 1: Background (294 KB). Introduction 2: The Present Development (318 KB). Contents: Anatomy; Matrix Biology and Physiology of Tissues; Microbiology: Sterile Techniques; Radiation Sciences; Biology of Healing of Allografts; Biomechanics of Allografts; Immunology. Readership: Tissue bank operators OCo technologists, scientists, orthopaedic surgeons, radiation biologists and plastic surgeons."
Book Synopsis Human Amniotic Membrane: Basic Science And Clinical Application by : Abdul Aziz Nather
Download or read book Human Amniotic Membrane: Basic Science And Clinical Application written by Abdul Aziz Nather and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide for all tissue bank operators to screen, procure and process amniotic membrane for clinical application.The amnion comes close to being the ideal biological membrane or dressing — readily available, inexpensive to procure and process. Its basic science is discussed in detail — anatomy, biological and biomechanical properties.It can be procured from the placenta in normal vaginal deliveries and from Caesarean Sections. Processing is by freeze-drying or by air-drying process with sterilisation using gamma irradiation.The product has low antigenicity, has anti-microbial properties with ability to enhance epithelisation with marked relief of pain. It is useful as a dressing for wounds — flap wounds, burn wounds, injury wounds, diabetic ulcers, leprous ulcers and post-surgery wounds and post-radiation wounds. It is also used as a biological scaffold for cells in tissue engineering. Its ophthalmic applications include treatment of corneal ulcers and conjunctival tumours. Oral uses include gingiva depigmentation and periodontal regeneration.
Book Synopsis Bone Grafts and Bone Substitutes by : Aziz Nather
Download or read book Bone Grafts and Bone Substitutes written by Aziz Nather and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-09-01 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the latest updates on the major challenges of bridging large bone defects, where options range from autografts, “tissue engineered bone”, biomaterials (hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone and third generation biomaterials) to prostheses. Emphasis has been made on bone tissue engineering, the current state-of-the-art in this field, problems encountered with cell culture technology, scaffolds and bone growth factors (including genomics) and the use of gene therapy for the application of bone growth factors. Attention has also been given to the use of bone autografts. It also covers the use of biomaterials and prostheses as other options for reconstruction. Clinical applications, in addition to the basic science, are also included throughout the discussions. Contents:Basic Science of BoneAutograftsAllograftsGenomicsBone Tissue EngineeringGrowth FactorsCeramicsProstheses Readership: Undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers and lecturers in bone tissue engineering, bone growth factors, biomaterials, autografts, allografts, prostheses, as well as orthopaedic surgeons, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, maxillo-facial surgeons and tissue bank operators. Keywords:Bone Grafts;Bone Substitutes;Basic Science;Clinical Applications;Bone Tissue Engineering;Bone Growth Factor;Genomics;Bone Gene Therapy;BiomaterialsKey Features:Latest updates on the major challenges of bridging large bone defects, including state-of-the-art optionsClinical applications highlighted
Book Synopsis Bone Biology and Healing by : Glyn O. Phillips
Download or read book Bone Biology and Healing written by Glyn O. Phillips and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes succinctly the factors which affect the incorporation of massive and morsellised allografts after transplantation. Unless special precautions are taken, massive allografts when implanted can undergo stress fatigue, due to the limited incorporation at the graft-host interface. Immunological and cell signalling growth factors can be shown to greatly influence the behaviour of the graft. The bone-biological processes are illustrated in terms of demineralised bone, which can initiate bone induction due to the protection and availability of the original bone-morphogenic protein. The main message is that transplantation without consideration of the underlying biological healing processes can reduce the effectiveness of the procedure.
