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Advances In Host Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
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Book Synopsis Advances in Host-Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis by : Petros C. Karakousis
Download or read book Advances in Host-Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis written by Petros C. Karakousis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses specific immune cell regulatory pathway(s), immune cell types, or other mechanisms involved in host responses to tuberculosis that can be potentially targeted for host-directed therapy (HDT). The pathways/mechanisms investigated are either protective – thus calling for pathway/factor enhancing drugs – or maladaptive – thus calling for pathway/factor inhibitory drugs. Discovery and development (pre-clinical and clinical) of candidate HDT agents will also be elucidated, as well as approaches for HDT of other diseases. The benefit to the reader will derive from learning about the biology of multiple host pathways involved in health and disease, how these pathways are disrupted or dysregulated during tuberculosis, and which druggable targets exist in these pathways. This book provides the reader with a roadmap of current and future directions of HDT against tuberculosis. Since the host pathways/factors involved in protective or maladaptive responses to tuberculosis are not disease-specific, information learned from the context of tuberculosis likely will be relevant to other infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Book Synopsis Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis by : Vishwanath Venketaraman
Download or read book Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis written by Vishwanath Venketaraman and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TB is considered as one of the oldest documented infectious diseases in the world and is believed to be the leading cause of mortality due to a single infectious agent. Mtb, the causative agent responsible for TB, continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, one-third of the entire world's population has latent TB. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate and limit the spread of Mtb through the use of antibiotics. However, management of TB is becoming more challenging with the emergence of drug-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb. Furthermore, when administered, many of the anti-TB drugs commonly present severe complications and side effects. Novel approaches to enhance the host immune responses to completely eradicate Mtb infection are urgently needed. This Special Issue will therefore cover most recent advances in the area of host-directed therapies for TB.
Book Synopsis Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis by : Vishwanath Venketaraman
Download or read book Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis written by Vishwanath Venketaraman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TB is considered as one of the oldest documented infectious diseases in the world and is believed to be the leading cause of mortality due to a single infectious agent. Mtb, the causative agent responsible for TB, continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, one-third of the entire world's population has latent TB. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate and limit the spread of Mtb through the use of antibiotics. However, management of TB is becoming more challenging with the emergence of drug-resistant and multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb. Furthermore, when administered, many of the anti-TB drugs commonly present severe complications and side effects. Novel approaches to enhance the host immune responses to completely eradicate Mtb infection are urgently needed. This Special Issue will therefore cover most recent advances in the area of host-directed therapies for TB.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Host Immune Response Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by : Vishwanath Venketaraman
Download or read book Understanding the Host Immune Response Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection written by Vishwanath Venketaraman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization, approximately one third of the world’s population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb [LTBI]), of whom about 9 million have active tuberculosis (TB). It is estimated that approximately 2 million individuals die each year from active TB. An estimated 14.4% of these individuals have HIV and M. tb co-infection. TB has long been known to be one of the leading causes of death in HIV-infected individuals. Recent evidence now indicates that individuals with type 2 diabetes, the elderly, and chronic smokers are also increasingly susceptible to TB infection, the ability of their immune system to fight off active TB infection having been compromised by their condition. This book therefore aims to provide a detailed review of recent advances in the research that involves characterizing the host’s immune responses against TB infection in conditions such as HIV, diabetes, chronic cigarette smoking and aging, and strategies to restore favorable immune responses against this deadly pathogen.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment by : Prashant Kesharwani
Download or read book Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment written by Prashant Kesharwani and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment discusses multiple nanotechnology-based approaches that may help overcome persisting limitations of conventional and traditional treatments. The book summarizes the types of nano drugs, their synthesis, formulation, characterization and applications, along with the most important administration routes. It also explores recent advances and achievements regarding therapeutic efficacy and provides possible future applications in this field. It will be a useful resource for investigators, pharmaceutical researchers, innovators and scientists working on technology advancements in the areas of targeted therapies, nano scale imaging systems, and diagnostic modalities in tuberculosis. Addresses the gap between nanomedicine late discovery and early development of tuberculosis therapeutics Explores tuberculosis nanomedicine standardization and characterization with newly developed treatment, diagnostic and treatment monitoring modalities Covers the field thoroughly, from the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treatment approaches using nanotechnology and different nanocarriers
Book Synopsis Host-directed Therapy Against Tuberculosis Through Targeting Eicosanoid Pathway Key Enzymes by : Wenfei Wang
Download or read book Host-directed Therapy Against Tuberculosis Through Targeting Eicosanoid Pathway Key Enzymes written by Wenfei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a significant global public health burden. The limitations of traditional antimycobacterial therapies led researchers in the tuberculosis community to focus on the possibility of modulating the host immune response as adjunctive therapy. We identified a genetic variation (rs8193036) in the promoter region of IL17A is associated with susceptibility to TB. Functional assay demonstrated that rs8193036 C allele exhibited significantly lower promotor transcription activities. The rs13120371 AA genotype was strongly associated with an increased risk of TB and increased xCT mRNA expression levels compared to those with the GG or AG genotype. rs13120371 is located on the 3' untranslated (UTR) region of the xCT gene, the rs13120371 AA genotype inhibited the binding of miR-42-3p to xCT. Pretreatment with sulfasalazine (SASP) alleviated bacterial burden in cells with the AA genotype but conferred no benefit in cells with the GG phenotype. We found that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 increased significantly in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) which the infected M.tb still alive. After treatment with SASP, COX-2 gene expression and the level of PGE2 decreased to normal level. COX-2 might be a novel target for treatment of TB and that SASP might be a potential therapeutic drug which prevents severe inflammation in the pathogenesis process of TB. Together, this thesis provides evidence that infection of human macrophages by M.tb strongly induces eicosanoid pathway key enzyme expression along with pro-inflammatory cytokine formation, which is suppressed by SASP that facilitates M.tb clearance by macrophages. The repurposing of already available drugs known to modulate host responses may improve the future of host directed therapy (HDT) for TB.
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development 2019 by : Giovanna Riccardi
Download or read book Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development 2019 written by Giovanna Riccardi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and still represents one of the global health threats to mankind. The World Health Organization estimated more than 10 million new cases and reported more than 1.5 million deaths in 2019, thus ranking TB among the main causes of death due to a single pathogen. Standard anti-TB therapy includes four first-line antibiotics that should be administered for at least six months. However, in the case of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB, second-line medications must be used and these frequently cause severe side effects resulting in poor compliance. Developing new anti-TB drug candidates is therefore of outmost importance. In this Special Issue dedicated to Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development, we present the main and latest achievements in the fields of drug and target discovery, host-directed therapy, anti-virulence drugs, and describe the development of two advanced compounds: macozinone and delpazolid. In addition, this Special Issue provides an historical perspective focused on Carlo Forlanini, the inventor of pneumothorax for TB treatment, and includes an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies which are being exploited nowadays in TB drug development. Finally, a summary of TB vaccines that are either approved or undergoing clinical trials concludes the Special Issue.
Book Synopsis Natural Resistance to and Host-Directed Prevention of Tuberculosis by : Robert Wilkinson
Download or read book Natural Resistance to and Host-Directed Prevention of Tuberculosis written by Robert Wilkinson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis remains an important bacterial disease responsible for more than one million deaths per year. The risk of overt disease is highest in the first year post infection, nevertheless, asymptomatic chronic infection (referred to as Latent Tuberculosis Infection, LTBI) may also be established. LTBI cannot be ascertained directly, it can only be inferred from a skin or blood test of immune sensitization. Nevertheless, it is often stated that one third of the world’s population has LTBI. The central tenet of Tuberculosis control has therefore been antibiotic treatment of overt disease and the selective less intensive antibiotic treatment of patients considered at risk of progression of LTBI. Much Tuberculosis research has been directed towards elucidation of the mechanisms of host susceptibility to disease. The best-characterized immune risk factor for Tuberculosis is HIV-1 co-infection. Others include anti-TNF therapies, Diabetes Mellitus, other forms of immunosuppression, and cigarette smoking. However in most clinical cases of Tuberculosis, no underlying immunological defect can be identified. Since the general assumption is that most people infected with Tuberculosis never develop disease, this suggests that most people who are exposed and infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbor immunity to Tuberculosis. This encourages the hypothesis that vaccination should be possible and indeed Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination confers protection against disseminated disease in children. However, BCG vaccination is not associated with reduced pulmonary disease in adults, which is a significant limitation. Furthermore it has been recognized that increased resistance to Tuberculosis occurs in specific populations. These include (i) heavily exposed persons in whom tests of immune sensitization nevertheless remain persistently negative; (ii) children aged between 5 years and puberty, and (iii) persons with documented persistent positive tests of sensitization who nevertheless never manifest disease. As progress towards the elimination of Tuberculosis is insufficient under current antibiotic-based strategies, the idea to enhance immune resistance either via improved vaccination or enhanced natural immunity is important. Recent research interest has therefore increased attention on the analysis of resistance in humans. The current BCG vaccine is conventionally thought to prevent progression of established infection. However, vaccination strategies now also envisage the prevention of infection and relapse. There has been a rapid growth of interest in adjunctive host-directed immune interventions which aim to either enhance protective immunity or to regulate pathological tissue-damaging immunity. However, the idea of host-directed prevention is less widely discussed.
Book Synopsis Beyond Antibiotics: Exploring Host-Directed Therapy for TB by : Jessy
Download or read book Beyond Antibiotics: Exploring Host-Directed Therapy for TB written by Jessy and published by Tredition Gmbh. This book was released on 2024-05-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis, with drug-resistant strains posing a growing threat. Traditional antibiotics face limitations in treatment length and resistance development. A revolutionary approach called Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) is emerging. HDT doesn't target the bacteria directly, but instead strengthens the body's own defenses against TB. Imagine boosting the immune system's ability to fight the infection and prevent its persistence. This not only tackles existing TB strains but also holds promise for reducing the risk of relapse and the formation of drug-resistant bacteria. Early research on HDT is encouraging. By unlocking the body's natural TB-fighting potential, this approach could revolutionize TB treatment, offering a much-needed weapon in the fight against this devastating disease.
Book Synopsis Advances in Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Tuberculosis by : Rogelio Hernandez Pando
Download or read book Advances in Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Tuberculosis written by Rogelio Hernandez Pando and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-02 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Book Synopsis Exploiting Novel Combined Host- and Pathogen-Directed Therapies for Combating Bacterial Multidrug Resistance by : Maurizio Fraziano
Download or read book Exploiting Novel Combined Host- and Pathogen-Directed Therapies for Combating Bacterial Multidrug Resistance written by Maurizio Fraziano and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis in Adults and Children by : Dorothee Heemskerk
Download or read book Tuberculosis in Adults and Children written by Dorothee Heemskerk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.
Book Synopsis Tubercular Drug Delivery Systems by : Ranjita Shegokar
Download or read book Tubercular Drug Delivery Systems written by Ranjita Shegokar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book targets new advances in areas of treatment and drug delivery sciences for tuberculosis. It covers advances in drug therapy and drug targeting that focus on innovative trend defining technologies and drug delivery platforms in the understanding of host-pathogens relationship for providing better therapy. A wide variety of novel and nano-formulations using promising technologies are being explored to deliver the drug via different administration routes. This book It addresses the gap between new approaches and old treatment modalities and how they are superior in pharmacological performance when tested in in-vitro and in-vivo. Audience from wide range group like from researchers to regulatory bodies can benefit from the compiled information to find out patient needs and current research advances in the field of tuberculosis research. .
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development 2019 by : Giovanna Riccardi
Download or read book Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development 2019 written by Giovanna Riccardi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and still represents one of the global health threats to mankind. The World Health Organization estimated more than 10 million new cases and reported more than 1.5 million deaths in 2019, thus ranking TB among the main causes of death due to a single pathogen. Standard anti-TB therapy includes four first-line antibiotics that should be administered for at least six months. However, in the case of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB, second-line medications must be used and these frequently cause severe side effects resulting in poor compliance. Developing new anti-TB drug candidates is therefore of outmost importance. In this Special Issue dedicated to Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development, we present the main and latest achievements in the fields of drug and target discovery, host-directed therapy, anti-virulence drugs, and describe the development of two advanced compounds: macozinone and delpazolid. In addition, this Special Issue provides an historical perspective focused on Carlo Forlanini, the inventor of pneumothorax for TB treatment, and includes an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies which are being exploited nowadays in TB drug development. Finally, a summary of TB vaccines that are either approved or undergoing clinical trials concludes the Special Issue.
Book Synopsis Host-directed Therapy in the Treatment of Tuberculosis by : Sathyavani Subbarao
Download or read book Host-directed Therapy in the Treatment of Tuberculosis written by Sathyavani Subbarao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ending Neglect by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Ending Neglect written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis emerged as an epidemic in the 1600s, began to decline as sanitation improved in the 19th century, and retreated further when effective therapy was developed in the 1950s. TB was virtually forgotten until a recent resurgence in the U.S. and around the worldâ€"ominously, in forms resistant to commonly used medicines. What must the nation do to eliminate TB? The distinguished committee from the Institute of Medicine offers recommendations in the key areas of epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, funding and organization of public initiatives, and the U.S. role worldwide. The panel also focuses on how to mobilize policy makers and the public to effective action. The book provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. The committee explains how the U.S. can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.
