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Adenosine Deaminases Acting On Rna Adars And A To I Editing
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Book Synopsis Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing by : Charles E. Samuel
Download or read book Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing written by Charles E. Samuel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The objective of this CTMI volume is to provide readers with a foundation for understanding what ADARs are and how they act to affect gene expression and function. It is becoming increasingly apparent that ADARs may possess roles not only as enzymes that deaminate adenosine to produce inosine in RNA substrates with double-stranded character, but also as proteins independent of their catalytic property. Because A-to-I editing may affect base-pairing and RNA structure, processes including translation, splicing, RNA replication, and miR and siRNA silencing may be affected. Future studies of ADARs no doubt will provide us with additional surprises and new insights into the modulation of biological processes by the ADAR family of proteins.”
Book Synopsis Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing by : Charles E. Samuel
Download or read book Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) and A-to-I Editing written by Charles E. Samuel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The objective of this CTMI volume is to provide readers with a foundation for understanding what ADARs are and how they act to affect gene expression and function. It is becoming increasingly apparent that ADARs may possess roles not only as enzymes that deaminate adenosine to produce inosine in RNA substrates with double-stranded character, but also as proteins independent of their catalytic property. Because A-to-I editing may affect base-pairing and RNA structure, processes including translation, splicing, RNA replication, and miR and siRNA silencing may be affected. Future studies of ADARs no doubt will provide us with additional surprises and new insights into the modulation of biological processes by the ADAR family of proteins.”
Book Synopsis Structural Engineering of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA with Chemically Modified Guide RNAs for Site-directed RNA Editing by : Leanna Rose Monteleone
Download or read book Structural Engineering of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA with Chemically Modified Guide RNAs for Site-directed RNA Editing written by Leanna Rose Monteleone and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA editing is defined as the insertion, deletion, or modification of a nucleotide that changes the information content of a sequence. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) can deaminate an adenosine (A) in duplex RNA to inosine (I). Cellular machinery interprets inosine as guanosine, which can result in various consequences on RNA function. A-to-I editing can alter microRNA sequences, redirect splicing, and change secondary structure. More dramatically A-to-I editing can result in a recoding event, thereby changing the amino acid at a specific position. In recent years, there has been rapidly growing interest in engineering ADARs or directing endogenous ADARs to specific G-to-A mutations linked to various diseases. The contents of this dissertation details the progress we have made, with the help of various collaborations, to use ADARs for site- directed RNA editing. In chapter 1, I review various types of RNA editing with a great focus on adenosine deamination. I emphasize ADARs biological function, substrate specificity, and the roles ADARs have in various diseases. I further discuss the structural data that is known for ADAR2 and how this knowledge has led to a better understanding of using ADARs for site-directed RNA editing. In chapter 2, I discuss the previous approaches used for site-ivdirected RNA editing with ADAR and the challenge of overcoming off-target reactions. To overcome off-target reactions, I have designed an orthogonal editing system utilizing a bump-hole strategy to prevent off-target edits. I have shown that combining bulky ADAR mutants with a chemically modified guide RNA (gRNA) achieves site-selective editing with reduced off-target edits both in vitro and in cellular assays. In chapter 3, I focus on our collaboration with Prof. Gail Mandel's laboratory at Oregon Health and Science University to study a disease-causing mutation linked to Rett Syndrome. In this approach, we have focused on rationally designing chemically modified gRNAs that could potentially recruit endogenous wild type ADARs. Our rational design utilizes the crystallography of ADAR2 constructs bound to double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that were solved by our collaborators in Prof. Andrew Fisher's laboratory. In chapter 4, I deviate from using ADARs for site-directed RNA editing to elucidate the biological role of ADAR3. ADAR3 is catalytically inactive and is exclusively located in the brain. To further understand the role of ADAR3, five mutations were incorporated to engineer an active ADAR3 (ADAR3 M3). From here, we propose that ADAR3 not only acts as a negative regulator of ADAR1 and ADAR2, but also as a direct regulator in stabilizing specific transcripts. With an active ADAR3, future studies can be done to use ADAR3 M3 or another version of an active ADAR3 for site-directed RNA editing.
Book Synopsis Functional and Mechanistic Studies of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA by : Rena Aviva Mizrahi
Download or read book Functional and Mechanistic Studies of Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA written by Rena Aviva Mizrahi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADARs (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) are enzymes that catalyze the post-transcriptional deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, a type of RNA editing. Inosine is recognized by the translation machinery as guanosine, so RNA editing can result in incorporation of different amino acids than those encoded in the genome. While some structural information is available for one enzyme in this family, ADAR2, there is a distinct lack of structural information regarding ADAR1. In addition, many questions exist regarding the biological function of these enzymes. In recent years new substrates for these enzymes have been identified, but their role is unknown. This dissertation describes experiments in which we work towards better understanding the mechanism and specificity of these enzymes, in the hopes of developing new tools to study A-to-I RNA editing. In the past our lab has extensively studied ADAR2, one member of this enzyme family. We have incorporated nucleoside analogues at the editing site to probe the active site, both before any structural information was available and afterwards to complement it. None of this was possible for ADAR1 until our recent characterization of a new ADAR1 substrate RNA, described in Chapter 2. Discovery and characterization of this editing site allowed us to develop an assay to probe the ADAR1 active site using nucleoside analogues. Chapter 3 details the development and use of this assay to uncover similarities and differences in how ADAR1 and ADAR2 recognize their substrate. These differences may pave the way for development of ADAR-specific inhibitors, and further use of this assay may allow us to uncover additional intriguing differences within this family of enzymes. With the abundance of new editing sites coming to light due to recent deep sequencing studies, more tools are needed to elucidate the biological consequences of these editing events. We developed substrate-specific inhibitors of editing by targeting RNA structure and sequence, described in Chapter 4. Importantly, we found that antisense oligonucleotides can bind to ADAR substrate RNAs, disrupt the native secondary structure and inhibit editing. We tested three different analogues and found that locked nucleic acid/2'-O-methyl mixmer oligonucleotides work most efficiently to inhibit editing. This will be an important new tool for the field, as labs can now use antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit editing of their RNA of choice. Finally, we developed several new assays for ADAR2 editing, for the most part based on the serotonin 2C receptor (5HT(2C)R) pre-mRNA. This work is described in Chapter 5. Similar assays have been used in the past with the GluR-B R/G site RNA, but adapting them to use the 5HT(2C)R RNA means that new sequence and secondary structure questions can now be addressed. In addition, we have used these assays to investigate how the part of ADAR2 linking the second double-stranded RNA binding domain and the catalytic domain may influence specificity and activity.
Book Synopsis RNA Recognition by Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA by : Yuru Wang
Download or read book RNA Recognition by Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA written by Yuru Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyze adenosine to inosine changes in double stranded RNAs, a type of post-transcriptional modification that can change the codon meaning and contribute to protein diversity in higher organisms. This modification is also known to regulate the fate of the RNA, including its expression, turnover, involvement in RNA interference and so forth. Three types of ADARs have been found in mammals, with ADAR1 and ADAR2 being catalytically active whereas ADAR3 being considered catalytically inactive. Malfunctions of ADARs have been correlated with various human diseases, including cancer. The Beal lab over the years has devoted extensive efforts in elucidating how ADARs recognize RNA substrates, and understanding the mechanism behind the RNA recognition difference between ADAR1 and ADAR2. These efforts not only advance our understanding of how these enzymes function, but also pave the way for future development of ADAR specific inhibitors of therapeutic significance. This thesis is a continuation of these efforts contributing to our understanding of how these fascinating enzymes function and providing new tools for future studies of them. Chapter 1 is an introduction of background knowledge about A-to-I RNA editing and ADAR. Chapter 2 introduced a new phenotypic reporter system that utilizes an RNA substrate efficiently processed by both ADAR1 and ADAR2 catalytic domains (ADAR-D) and a study utilizing this reporter to probe the RNA recognition by the base flipping residue in ADAR1. On the basis of this reporter system, in Chapter 3, a fluorescent reporter assay was developed to achieve high-throughput and quantitative evaluation of ADAR editing activity never achieved by other assays before, and a method called Sat-FACS-seq was introduced which provides information-rich landscape of sequence requirement across any region in ADARs. Applying this method to the 5’ binding loop of ADAR2, a novel insight into how this loop recognizes RNA was obtained. Chapter 4 detailed a study on the RNA secondary structural features that could distinguish ADAR1-D editing from ADAR2-D editing. Experimental evidence was shown, for the first time, to prove that the 5’ binding loops contribute to the site selectivity difference between ADAR1 and ADAR2, probably through differential recognition of RNA structure in the region 5’ from the editing site. Lastly, in Chapter 5, an effort to evolve the inactive ADAR3 into an active deaminase was described. Our success in turning ADAR3 into an active deaminase not only provides structural explanation of why wild-type ADAR3 is catalytically inactive, but also advances our knowledge of important residues required for proper ADAR function other than the ones traditionally appreciated. Moreover, the active ADAR3 mutant obtained was introduced with a minimal number of mutations (five), none of which was located in the RNA binding domains or on the primary RNA recognition surfaces. Thus, the mutant would be of great value for identifying the cellular binding targets of ADAR3 in vivo, which is important for understanding its biological function.
Book Synopsis Understanding Unique Features of Human Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA by : SeHee Park
Download or read book Understanding Unique Features of Human Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA written by SeHee Park and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adenosine Deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are a family of enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine in dsRNA which is a common form of RNA editing. Because inosine is recognized as guanosine by cellular machinery, there are numerous consequences resulting from ADAR mediated A-to-I editing including protein recoding event. Therefore, proper ADAR activity is necessary for several cellular processes. In fact, it has been shown that aberrant activities of ADARs can lead to various human diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. It is especially important to understand ADAR1's biological function and activity because ADAR1 plays an essential role in innate immunity and it is a potential therapeutic target for a subset of cancers based on several recent studies. Although our understanding of ADARs has been significantly improved over a few decades, there are still important questions that need to be answered, especially regarding ADAR1 activity and its interaction with RNA substrates to better understand its biological roles in humans. This dissertation describes the exploration of unique features of human ADARs that could affect their catalytic activity as well as substrate recognition through several biochemical experiments and the attempts for structural characterization of ADARs. In chapter 1, an overview of RNA editing and its consequences are described with respect to A-to-I editing mediated by ADARs, highlighting its catalytic activity, substrate selectivity, and biological consequences that are linked to various human diseases. More details on the biological role of ADAR1 in humans are included to further emphasize the importance of understanding ADAR1 biology. Chapter 2 describes the high-throughput functional screening of the 5' binding loop of ADAR1. The 5' binding loop of ADARs plays an important role in RNA recognition. Yet, its sequence is substantially different among ADARs. Therefore, this work helps us better understand the selectivity difference between ADAR1 and ADAR2. Chapter 3 is focused on the exploration of covalent crosslinking, which takes advantage of a disulfide bond formation between the Cys mutant of ADARs and thiol modified dsRNA to stabilize various ADAR-dsRNA complexes for biophysical characterization. Various novel thiol modified nucleoside analogs are utilized to optimize covalent crosslinking of ADARs and the results suggest this strategy has the potential to advance our knowledge of ADARs through structural studies. Chapter 4 describes the discovery of a second metal binding site that is unique to ADAR1 and important for its catalytic activity along with the computational modeling of the ADAR1 deaminase domain structure using this novel feature of ADAR1. These collaborative works provide more insight into the unique properties of ADAR1. In Chapter 5, the optimization of ADAR1 catalytic domain purification is described in detail that leads to several crystallization trials for biophysical characterization of the ADAR1 deaminase domain through X-ray crystallography. Moreover, results from a binding study with a duplex RNA containing an adenosine analog, 8-azanebularine, further provide an additional approach to stabilize the ADAR1-dsRNA complex for X-ray crystallography. Lastly, inhibition of ADARs activity was investigated using various small molecules, which is discussed in Chapter 6.
Download or read book RNA Editing written by Ernesto Picardi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-08-13 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview about main RNA editing mechanisms, focusing on their functions in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Chapters guide readers through state- of-the art methodologies to investigate RNA editing through wet and dry approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, RNA Editing: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Book Synopsis RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Rita Sattler
Download or read book RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Rita Sattler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become evident over the last years that abnormalities in RNA processing play a fundamental part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular viability depends on proper regulation of RNA metabolism and subsequent protein synthesis, which requires the interplay of many processes including transcription, pre--‐mRNA splicing, mRNA editing as well as mRNA stability, transport and translation. Dysfunction in any of these processes, often caused by mutations in the coding and non--‐ coding RNAs, can be very destructive to the cellular environment and consequently impair neural viability. The result of this RNA toxicity can lead to a toxic gain of function or a loss of function, depending on the nature of the mutation. For example, in repeat expansion disorders, such as the newly discovered hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72 gene found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a toxic gain of function leads to the formation of RNA foci and the sequestration of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). This in return leads to a loss of function of those RBPs, which is hypothesized to play a significant part in the disease progression of ALS and FTD. Other toxicities arising from repeat expansions are the formation of RNA foci, bi--‐directional transcription and production of repeat associated non--‐ATG (RAN) translation products. This book will touch upon most of these disease mechanisms triggered by aberrant RNA metabolism and will therefore provide a broad perspective of the role of RNA processing and its dysfunction in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy and ataxias. The proposed authors are leading scientists in the field and are expected to not only discuss their own work, but to be inclusive of historic as well as late breaking discoveries. The compiled chapters will therefore provide a unique collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to describe the consequences of altered RNA processing events and its newest molecular players and pathways.
Book Synopsis Structural Basis for RNA Editing and Site Selectivity by ADAR2 by : Justin Mclntyre Thomas
Download or read book Structural Basis for RNA Editing and Site Selectivity by ADAR2 written by Justin Mclntyre Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are RNA editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine in duplex RNA. Because inosine behaves like guanosine in Watson-Crick base pairing, A-to-I editing may have wide ranging consequences in RNA function. The X-ray crystal structure of the deaminase domain of one member of the ADAR family (ADAR2) was solved over a decade ago, however this structure lacked RNA and provided limited information on how ADARs select, bind and edit adenosines within duplex RNA. This dissertation describes solving of X-ray co-crystal structures of ADAR2’s deaminase domain bound to synthetic duplex RNA and subsequent experiments to define the structural basis of the enzymes sequence preferences. Chapter 2 describes the solved crystal structures of ADAR2 deaminase domain-RNA complexes. The deaminase domain’s RNA binding interface is analyzed and new RNA binding residues are identified. In Chapter 3 the importance of newly identified RNA binding residues is examined through in-vitro biochemical assays. The structural basis for ADAR2’s nearest neighbor sequence preferences are also defined by probing contacts made to the RNA using chemically modified RNA substrates. This information may aid the development of systems to direct A-to-I editing of specific adenosines using ADARs. In Chapter 4, RNA binding experiments using ADAR2 constructs bearing double stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) are carried out with the goal of better understanding how the dsRBDs affect the specificity and behavior of the full length ADAR2. Mobility shift assays, RNA cleavage footprinting assays and electron microscopy all provide evidence that ADAR2 undergoes a specific RNA dependent dimerization. Finally, efforts to obtain high resolution structural data for ADAR2 constructs bearing dsRBDs through X-ray crystallography and Cryo-electron microscopy are discussed
Book Synopsis RNA Damage and Repair by : Ioly Kotta-Loizou
Download or read book RNA Damage and Repair written by Ioly Kotta-Loizou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-04 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a macromolecule that plays a central role in cell physiology: RNA molecules act as intermediates between the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), where genetic information is stored, and proteins, which perform the necessary functions within the cell. Traditionally, the structural and functional properties of RNA are closely linked to gene expression. However, RNA-based enzymes, called ribozymes, are also involved in catalysis and small RNAs regulate key cellular processes, such as cell growth, division, differentiation, aging and death. RNA is a sensitive macromolecule that can be easily damaged by environmental conditions (ultraviolet radiation, oxidative stress) and biological factors (ribonucleases, ribotoxins, CRISPR-Cas systems). Therefore, cells have developed mechanisms to protect and/or repair RNA molecules. This book presents an overview of the biology of RNA damage, protection and repair in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Individual chapters cover the expression regulation, enzymology and physiological role of such systems, and link them to important human diseases such as cancer and degenerative diseases.
Download or read book Fungal RNA Biology written by Ane Sesma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the RNA networks controlling gene expression in fungi highlighting the remaining questions and future challenges in this area. It covers several aspects of the RNA-mediated mechanisms that regulate gene expression in model yeasts and filamentous fungi, organisms of great importance for industry, medicine and agriculture. It is estimated that there are more than one million fungal species on the Earth. Despite their diversity (saprophytic, parasitic and mutualistic), fungi share common features distinctive from plants and animals and have been grouped taxonomically as an independent eukaryotic kingdom. In this book, 15 chapters written by experts in their fields cover the RNA-dependent processes that take place in a fungal cell ranging from formation of coding and non-coding RNAs to mRNA translation, ribosomal RNA biogenesis, gene silencing, RNA editing and epigenetic regulation.
Book Synopsis Epitranscriptomics by : Stefan Jurga
Download or read book Epitranscriptomics written by Stefan Jurga and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews a novel and exciting field of cellular and molecular biology called epitranscriptomics, which focuses on changes in an organism’s cells resulting from the posttranscriptional modification of cellular RNA. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in these posttranscriptional modifications and also support several cellular processes necessary for maintaining RNA homeostasis. Exploring the mechanisms underlying RNA modifications and RBP function is an emerging area of biomedical research, taking the study of gene regulation a step beyond epigenetics. This book reveals that the RNA molecule is not just an information-carrying molecule with some secondary structures. Accordingly, how RNA is modified, regulated, packaged, and controlled is an important aspect. Leading experts address questions such as where the over 170 distinct posttranscriptional RNA modifications are located on the genome, what percentage of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs these modifications include, and how an RNA modification impacts a person’s biology. In closing, the book reviews the role of RNA modifications and RBPs in a variety of diseases and their pathogenesis. Addressing some of the most exciting challenges in epitranscriptomics, this book provides a valuable and engaging resource for researchers in academia and industry studying the phenomena of RNA modification.
Download or read book Proteogenomics written by Ákos Végvári and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights key technologies and identifies areas for further development in proteogenomics. The utility and usefulness of very large Omics data sets (Next Gen Sequencing of DNA, RNA-seq, ribosome profiling, mass spectrometry- and antibody-based proteomics) is discussed and opportunities and challenges of related bioinformatics applications are outlined. The reader will be able to appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of the continuously evolving area of proteogenomics, which has already grown beyond its original concept of verifying gene annotations by proteomics. The chapters presented in this book are arranged to offer a general overview, rather than to provide detailed descriptions of technologies. The selected applications will provide useful insight into the level of detail that can be obtained in relation to certain diseases areas, including cancer biology and personalized medicine. The readers will find that each chapter delivers a comprehensive approach to proteogenomics, each from the point of view of a specific application. Research scientists interested in innovative processes that can offer a unique and at the same time a more complete access to technological developments and concepts that in turn can contribute to a better understand biological functions should read this book.
Download or read book mRNA Processing written by Yongsheng Shi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2018-08-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume assembles a number of the most commonly used and state-of-the-art methodologies in the revolutionary field of mRNA processing in order to aid researchers in choosing the best method for their specific problems. Given that the vast majority of alternative mRNA processing events has yet to be explored, these techniques promise to breathe new life into the myriad new ideas currently underway. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and easy to use, mRNA Processing: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists venturing into what’s certain to be another explosive period of growth in this dynamic field of study. The chapter 'Robust, Cost-Effective Profiling of RNA Binding Protein Targets with Single-end Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (seCLIP)' is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Biology—A Transdisciplinary Approach by : Pierre Pontarotti
Download or read book Evolutionary Biology—A Transdisciplinary Approach written by Pierre Pontarotti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes 16 selected contributions presented at the 23rd Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in Marseille in September 2019. The annual Evolutionary Biology Meetings in Marseille serve to gather leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research. The aim of these meetings is to promote the exchange of ideas to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.
Book Synopsis DNA and RNA Modification Enzymes by : Henri Grosjean
Download or read book DNA and RNA Modification Enzymes written by Henri Grosjean and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a timely and comprehensive description of the many facets of DNA and RNA modification-editing processes and to some extent repair mechanisms. Each chapter offers fundamental principles as well as up to date information on recent advances in the field (up to end 2008). They ended by a short ‘conclusion and future prospect’ section and an exhaustive list of 35 to up to 257 references (in average 87). Contributors are geneticists, structural enzymologists and molecular biologists working at the forefront of this exciting, fast-moving and diverse field of researches. This book will be a major interest to PhD students and University teachers alike. It will also serve as an invaluable reference tool for new researchers in the field, as well as for specialists of RNA modification enzymes generally not well informed about what is going on in similar processes acting on DNA and vice-versa for specialists of the DNA modification-editing and repair processes usually not much acquainted with what is going on in the RNA maturation field. The book is subdivided into 41 chapters (740 pages). The common links between them are mainly the enzymatic aspects of the different modification-editing and repair machineries: structural, mechanistic, functional and evolutionary aspects. It starts with two general and historical overview of the discovery of modified nucleosides in DNA and RNA and corresponding modification-editing enzymes. Then follows eleven chapters on DNA modification and editing (mechanistic and functional aspects). Two additional chapters cover problems related to DNA/RNA repair and base editing by C-to-U deaminases, followed by three chapters on RNA editing by C-to-U and A-to-I type of deamination. Discussions about interplay between DNA and RNA modifications and the emergence of DNA are covered in two independent chapters, followed by twenty chapters on different but complementary aspects of RNA modification enzymes and their cellular implications. The last chapter concerns the description of the present state-of-the art for incorporating modified nucleosides by in vitro chemical synthesis. At the end of the book, six appendicies give useful details on modified nucleosides, modification-editing enzymes and nucleosides analogs. This information is usually difficult to obtain from current scientific literature.
Book Synopsis Genome Plasticity in Health and Disease by :
Download or read book Genome Plasticity in Health and Disease written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome Plasticity in Health and Disease provides a fully up-to-date overview on genome plasticity and its role in human physiology and disease. Following an introduction to the field, a diverse range of chapters cover genomic and epigenomic analysis and the use of model organisms and genomic databases in studies. Specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms of genome plasticity are examined, including somatic variants, De Novo variants, founder variations, isolated populations dynamics, copy-number variations, mobile elements, DNA methylation, histone modifications, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, telomere dynamics and RNA editing. Later chapters explore disease relevance for cancer, as well as cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, inflammatory, and endocrine disease, and associated pathways for drug discovery. Examines the role of genome plasticity across a range of disease types, from cardiovascular disease, to cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders Adopts an interdisciplinary approach, with expert contributions across the spectrum of basic science and disease relevance to drug discovery
