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Actin Polymerization In Apicomplexan
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Book Synopsis Actin Polymerization in Apicomplexan by : Avinash Kale
Download or read book Actin Polymerization in Apicomplexan written by Avinash Kale and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses in detail the structural, evolutionary and functional role of actin and its regulatory proteins in gliding motility in apicomplexan organisms, a unique phenomenon found in actin-myosin cytoskeletal elements. The book also explores the potential of different actin regulators, namely formin, profilin, actin depolymerization factor (ADF), capping proteins (CPα and CPβ), cyclase-associated protein (CAP) and coronin 13–24 as potential drug targets against malaria. As the chief components of the gliding motor, the actin-regulator proteins are characterized by unique features that make them promising targets for structure-based drug design. Lastly, the book proposes a mathematical model, based on kinetic data mining, to help understand the most vital regulators for actin polymerization dynamics.
Book Synopsis The Role of Actin Depolymerizing Factor in Regulating Actin Dynamics in Toxoplasma Gondii by : Simren Mehta
Download or read book The Role of Actin Depolymerizing Factor in Regulating Actin Dynamics in Toxoplasma Gondii written by Simren Mehta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apicomplexan parasites utilize a unique process of rapid motility termed gliding, which is coupled to their invasion of host cells. Gliding and invasion are dependent on parasite actin filaments, yet parasite actin is mostly non-filamentous. Filaments have been detected only transiently during gliding, suggesting that parasite actin filaments are rapidly assembled and disassembled during gliding motility. Little is known about what regulates the turnover of parasite actin filaments. In higher eukaryotes the Actin Depolymerizing Factor (ADF)/Cofilin proteins are essential regulators of actin filament turnover. ADF is one of the few actin binding proteins conserved in apicomplexan parasites. To investigate the role of ADF in regulating actin dynamics in apicomplexan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii was used as a model apicomplexan, and the activities of T. gondii ADF (TgADF) were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. We found that TgADF engaged in dual activities. In contrast to most ADF/Cofilin proteins, TgADF was found to be a potent actin monomer sequestering protein that strongly inhibited actin polymerization, suggesting that it likely functions to maintain high G-actin concentrations in the cytoplasm of non-motile parasites. This role was reflected in its molecular structure, in which conserved G-actin binding sites were maintained, while key F-actin binding residues were absent. Despite this, TgADF demonstrated the ability to promote actin filament disassembly via a severing mechanism. Using a conditional knockout system we examined the function of TgADF in the parasite. TgADF was found to be essential for controlling productive gliding motility, and its absence lead to defects in host cell invasion, parasite egress, and parasite dispersal. Detailed analysis of motility revealed that parasites were unable to engage in sustained helical gliding, and moved at markedly reduced speeds. These defects are predicted to arise from the presence of more stable actin filaments in the parasite. Overall both the monomer sequestering and filament severing activities of TgADF are predicted to serve important functions in vivo for maintaining high G-actin concentrations for rapid filament assembly, and disassembling actin filaments for rapid filament turnover, respectively. These studies demonstrated that ADF is essential for regulating actin dynamics in T. gondii.
Book Synopsis Apicomplexan Actin Depolymerizing Factors and Capping Proteins in the Regulation of Actin Filament Dynamics by : Moon Chatterjee
Download or read book Apicomplexan Actin Depolymerizing Factors and Capping Proteins in the Regulation of Actin Filament Dynamics written by Moon Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Molecular Basis for Divergent, Unstable Actin Filaments in Toxoplasma Gondii by : Kristen Michelle Skillman
Download or read book A Molecular Basis for Divergent, Unstable Actin Filaments in Toxoplasma Gondii written by Kristen Michelle Skillman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasma gondii is an important parasitic pathogen of the phylum Apicomplexa. Parasite invasion of host cells involves a unique gliding motility mechanism that is dependent on polymerization of parasite actin. However, in non-motile parasites, the majority of actin is monomeric and filaments only assemble upon initiation of gliding motility. Actin filament turnover is crucial for motility as shown by the detrimental effects of jasplakinolide, an agent that stabilizes actin filaments. T. gondii actin (TgACTI) is functionally highly divergent from conventional actin and only polymerizes into very short filaments. To understand why T. gondii actin does not form long filaments and uncover what contributes to its unusual polymerization kinetics, TgACTI filaments were examined using molecular modeling and biochemical assays. Phalloidin binding to parasite actins rescued the short filaments demonstrating that although TgACTI naturally forms short, unstable filaments on its own, it is capable of forming longer, conventional filaments when stabilized. Molecular docking was used to identify divergent residues within apicomplexan actin that may impart filament stability and revealed critical substitutions in the hydrophobic plug and phalloidin-binding pocket that are predicted to affect subunit interactions within the filament. Mutations were made within TgACTI to replace residues unique to apicomplexan actins with those from muscle actin resulting in formation of longer actin filaments in vitro. When this substituted, stabilized actin was expressed within the parasite, it had a deleterious impact on gliding motility exhibited by aberrant forms of both circular and helical gliding combined with a decrease in speed. The ability of TgACTI to polymerize is also controlled by a minimal set of canonical actin-binding proteins. T. gondii encodes two formin proteins, TgFRM1 and TgFRM2, and interaction of these proteins with TgACTI results in a dramatic increase in polymerization. However, T. gondii profilin (TgPRF) acts to sequester TgACTI from the growing filament. Finally, examination of concentration dependent polymerization has revealed evidence that TgACTI is utilizing an isodesmic mechanism for polymerization. Collectively, these results demonstrate that T. gondii has evolved multiple mechanisms for controlling the length of actin filaments within the parasite and these adaptations appear to be critical for productive gliding motility.
Book Synopsis Toxoplasma Gondii by : Louis M. Weiss
Download or read book Toxoplasma Gondii written by Louis M. Weiss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxoplasma gondii: The Model Apicomplexan - Perspectives and Methods, Third Edition, reflects significant advances in the field in the last five years, including new information on the genomics, epigenomics and proteomics of T. gondii, along with a new understanding of the population biology and genetic diversity of this organism. This edition expands information on the effects of T. gondii on human psychiatric disease and new molecular techniques, such as CAS9/CSPR. T gondii remains the best model system for studying the entire Apicomplexa group of protozoans, which includes Malaria, making this new edition essential for a broad group of researchers and scientists. Presents a complete review of molecular and cellar biology and immunology of Toxoplasma gondii combined with methods and resources for working with this pathogen Provides a single source reference for a wide range of scientists and physicians working with this pathogen, including parasitologists, cell and molecular biologists, veterinarians, neuroscientists, physicians and food scientists Covers recent advances in the genomics, related bioinformatics analysis, epigenomics, gene regulation, genetic manipulation and proteomics of T. gondii Details advances in the molecular and cellular biology and immunology of Toxoplasma, and in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of toxoplasmosis
Download or read book Myosins written by Lynne M. Coluccio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly authoritative volume highlights the remarkable superfamily of molecular motors called myosins, which are involved in such diverse cellular functions as muscle contraction, intracellular transport, cell migration and cell division. In a timely compilation of chapters written by leading research groups that have made key discoveries in the field, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these intriguing proteins is explored.
Book Synopsis The Molecular Biology of Cadherins by :
Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Cadherins written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on the most recent research surrounding Cadherins from top experts in the field.
Download or read book Myosins written by Lynne M. Coluccio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-25 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly authoritative volume highlights the remarkable superfamily of molecular motors called myosins, which are involved in such diverse cellular functions as muscle contraction, intracellular transport, cell migration and cell division. In a timely compilation of chapters written by leading research groups that have made key discoveries in the field, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of these intriguing proteins is explored.
Book Synopsis Apicomplexan Parasites by : Katja Becker
Download or read book Apicomplexan Parasites written by Katja Becker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first dealing with the discovery of drugs directed against apicomplexan parasites. Amongst others, this group of endoparasites includes the causative agents of Malaria, Toxoplasmosis, and Babesiosis, the latter occurring mainly in animals. Written by renowned scientific experts from academia and industry, the book focuses on currentdrug development approaches for all apicomplexan diseases making it appealing to a large audience, ranging from research labs in academia to the human and veterinarian pharmaceutical industry. This work is the second volume of the new book series 'Drug Discovery in Infectious Diseases', edited by Prof. Dr Paul M. Selzer.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M by : Heinz Mehlhorn
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M written by Heinz Mehlhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-28 with total page 1577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge in the field of parasitology must be kept at a high level and up to date in order to fight a parasitosis as quickly and effectively as possible. The third edition of this, one of Springer’s renowned and authoritative Major Reference Works, contributes to these goals in several ways. First, the number of entries has been increased by about 30%. Secondly the content has been improved even more by adding additional tables and figures. Thirdly, the extensive linking between definitions and essays facilitates information within a minimum of time. More than 40 international contributors, who are well known specialists in their fields, give a comprehensive review of all parasites and therapeutic strategies in veterinarian and human parasitology.
Book Synopsis Structures and Organelles in Pathogenic Protists by : W. de Souza
Download or read book Structures and Organelles in Pathogenic Protists written by W. de Souza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasitic protozoa, including some which are agents of human and veterinary diseases, display special cytoplasmic structures and organelles. Metabolic pathways have been discovered in these organelles which open up new possibilities for drug targets. This work presents reviews dealing with cytoskeletal structures such as the mastigont system found in trichomonads, the sub-pellicular microtubules in trypanosomatids and the paraflagellar rod. Further chapters cover structures involved in the synthesis, secretion and uptake of molecules, including the flagellar pocket of trypanosomatids, the reservosome of Trypanosoma and the megasome found in Leishmania, the traffic of vesicles in Entamoeba histolytica, secretory organelles and the secretory events of intestinal parasites during encystation. Reviews on special organelles, such as the kinetoplast-mitochondrion complex, the apicoplast found in Apicomplexa, the glycosomes in Kinetoplastida and the acidocalcisomes found in several protozoa complete the volume.
Download or read book Dyneins written by Stephen M. King and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on dyneins has a direct impact on human diseases, such as viruses and cancer. With an accompanying website showing over 100 streaming videos of cell dynamic behavior for best comprehension of material, Dynein: Structure, Biology and Disease is the only reference covering the structure, biology and application of dynein research to human disease. From bench to bedside, Dynein: Structure, Biology and Disease offers research on fundamental cellular processes to researchers and clinicians across developmental biology, cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, biomedicine, genetics and medicine. Broad-based up-to-date resource for the dynein class of molecular motors Chapters written by world experts in their topics Numerous well-illustrated figures and tables included to complement the text, imparting comprehensive information on dynein composition, interactions, and other fundamental features
Book Synopsis Molecular Food Microbiology by : Dongyou Liu
Download or read book Molecular Food Microbiology written by Dongyou Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The elucidation of DNA double helix in 1953 and the publication of DNA cloning protocol in 1973 have put wings under the sail of molecular biology, which has since quietly revolutionized many fields of biological science, including food microbiology. Exploiting the power and versatility of molecular technologies, molecular food microbiology extends and greatly improves on phenotypically based food microbiology, leading to the development of better diagnostics for foodborne infections and intoxications, and contributing to the design of more effective therapeutics and prophylaxes against foodborne diseases. Forming part of the Food Microbiology series, Molecular Food Microbiology provides a state of art coverage on molecular techniques applicable to food microbiology. While the introductory chapter contains an overview on the principles of current DNA, RNA and protein techniques and discusses their utility in helping solve practical problems that food microbiology is facing now and in the future, the remaining chapters present detailed moleuclar analyses of selective foodborne viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Key Features: Contains a state of art overview on moleuclar techniques applicable to food microbiology research and development Presents in-depth molecular analysis of selective foodborne viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites Highlights the utility of molecular tecniques for accurate diagnosis and effective control of foodborne diseases Includes expert contributions from international scientists involved in molecular food microbiology research Represents a highly informative textbook for students majoring in food, medical, and veterinary microbiology Offers a contemporary reference for scholars and educators wishing to keep abreast with the latest developments in molecular food microbiology With contributions from international scientists involved in molecular food microbiology research, this book constitutes an informative textbook for undergraduates and postgraduates majoring in food, medical, and veterinary microbiology; represents an indispensable guide for food, medical, and veterinary scientists engaged in molecular food microbiology research and development; and offers a contemporary update for scholars and educators trying to keep in touch with the latest developments in molecular food microbiology.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Analysis of Parasite Biology by : Sylke Müller
Download or read book Comprehensive Analysis of Parasite Biology written by Sylke Müller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-19 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by experts in the field, this book brings together the current state of the art in phenotypic and rational, target-based approaches to drug discovery against pathogenic protozoa. The chapters focus particularly on virtual compounds and high throughput screening, natural products, computer-assisted drug design, structure-based drug design, mechanism of action identification, and pathway modelling. Furthermore, state-of the art "omics" technologies are described and currently studied enzymatic drug targets are discussed. Mathematical, systems biology-based approaches are introduced as new methodologies for dissecting complex aspects of pathogen survival mechanisms and for target identification. In addition, recently developed anti-parasitic agents targeting particular pathways, which serve as lead compounds for further drug development, are presented.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Protein Phosphorylation in Parasites by : Christian Doerig
Download or read book Protein Phosphorylation in Parasites written by Christian Doerig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to collect and summarize in one publication the efforts to use kinases or phosphatases for drug development against parasite infections. The editors and contributors comprise the Who is Who in the field, and they are comprehensive in covering every aspect of the topic, from basic research findings to translational approaches in drug development The result will be welcomed by everyone in academia and industry participating in the global effort to finally combat the major diseases caused by eukaryotic parasites. This is volume one of a two-volume treatise, the second being exclusively dedicated to efforts to combat malaria using the same approach.
Book Synopsis Actin-Binding Proteins and Disease by : Cris dos Remedios
Download or read book Actin-Binding Proteins and Disease written by Cris dos Remedios and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are scattered reports in the published literature citing relationships between actin, actin-binding proteins and disease. This volume brings this information together for the first time, with a focus on human disorders. The volume is relevant to a wide readership including cell biologists interested in understanding how structural and functional changes in proteins impact on the organism as a whole.
