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Author : William A. Watkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (329 download)
Download or read book Acoustic Behavior of Sperm Whales written by William A. Watkins and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Busnel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468472542
Total Pages : 1097 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Animal Sonar Systems written by R. Busnel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 1097 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirteen years have gone by since the first international meet ing on Animal Sonar Systems was held in Frascati, Italy, in 1966. Since that time, almost 900 papers have been published on its theme. The first symposium was vital as it was the starting point for new research lines whose goal was to design and develop technological systems with properties approaching optimal biological systems. There have been highly significant developments since then in all domains related to biological sonar systems and in their appli cations to the engineering field. The time had therefore come for a multidisciplinary integration of the information gathered, not only on the evolution of systems used in animal echolocation, but on systems theory, behavior and neurobiology, signal-to-noise ratio, masking, signal processing, and measures observed in certain species against animal sonar systems. Modern electronics technology and systems theory which have been developed only since 1974 now allow designing sophisticated sonar and radar systems applying principles derived from biological systems. At the time of the Frascati meeting, integrated circuits and technol ogies exploiting computer science were not well enough developed to yield advantages now possible through use of real-time analysis, leading to, among other things, a definition of target temporal char acteristics, as biological sonar systems are able to do. All of these new technical developments necessitate close co operation between engineers and biologists within the framework of new experiments which have been designed, particularly in the past five years.
Author : Delphine Mathias
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267621313
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Studies of Depredating Sperm Whales (Physeter Macrocephalus) Off Sitka, AK, Using Videocameras, Tags, and Long-range Passive Acoustic Tracking written by Delphine Mathias and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation uses videocameras, tags and acoustic recorders to investigate the diving and acoustic behavior of sperm whales in the Gulf of Alaska during natural and depredation foraging conditions. First, underwater videocamera footage of a sperm whale attacking a fisherman's longline at 100 m depth was used to examine its acoustic behavior at close range and to estimate its size both acoustically and visually. Second, bioacoustic tagging data demonstrated that the same individuals displayed different acoustic behaviors during natural and depredation foraging states. Two broad categories of depredation, "shallow" and "deep," were also identified. These results suggest that passive acoustic monitoring at close ranges may yield useful metrics for quantifying depredation activity. Third, the behavioral reactions of depredating sperm whales to a variety of acoustic play¬backs generated at relatively low source levels were investigated using bioacoustic tags. Finally, bioacoustic and satellite tag data were used to develop passive acoustic techniques for tracking sperm whales with a short-aperture two-element vertical array. When numeric sound propagation models were exploited, localization ranges up to 35 km were obtained. The tracking methods were also used to estimate the source levels of sperm whale "clicks" and "creaks", predict the maximum detection range of the signals as a function of sea state, and measure the drift of several whales away from a visual decoy.
Author : William A. Watkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (332 download)
Download or read book Acoustics and the Behavior of Sperm Whales written by William A. Watkins and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul E. Nachtigall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468474936
Total Pages : 822 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Animal Sonar written by Paul E. Nachtigall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first meeting on biosonar that I had the opportunity to attend was held in 1978 on the Island of Jersey in the English Channel. That meeting, organized by Professor R.G. Busne1 and Dr. Jim Fish, was my introduction to an exciting and varied group of hard-working and dedicated scientists studying animal echolocation. They are, by nature, a very diverse group. They tend to publish in different journals and rarely interact despite the fact that they all work on echolocation. When they do interact as a group, as they did in Frascati Italy in 1966, in Jersey i~ 1978, and during the meeting reported in this volume, the meetings are intense, interesting, and exciting. This volume is a composition of a series of contributed papers written to foster an interdisciplinary understanding of the echolocation systems of animals. The echolocation pulse production studies in bats and dolphins have recently been concentrated on the ontogeny of infant pulses, other studies, with three-dimensional computer graphics and x-ray computed tomography, have concentrated on finally resolving the old controversy concerning the site of dolphin echolocation click production. Much has been accomplished on the analysis of bat neural structure and function. The intense effort directed toward understanding the structure, connections, and functional properties of parallel auditory pathways and the parallel and hierarchical processing of information by the mustached bat, has lead to dramatic breakthroughs in understanding brain function.
Author : Cristina M. Ledon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Acoustic Repertoire of Sperm Whale (Physeter Macrocephalus) Bachelor Groups in the Waters Surrounding Ischia, Italy (Tyrrhenian Sea) written by Cristina M. Ledon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subpopulation of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Mediterranean Sea is presently list as Endangered. This study is an attempt to provide detailed data on sperm whale Bachelor Groups surrounding Ischia, Italy in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea). 24 hours, 38 minutes, and 38 seconds of sperm whale Bachelor Group acoustic data was analyzed in order to describe acoustic repertoire, classify behavioral associations to acoustic types, and identify habitat-use. The data showed that the acoustic repertoire of sperm whale Bachelor Groups is dominated by Usual Clicks. Additionally, a click type that maintains an inter-click interval (ICI) in between Usual Clicks and Creaks was identified during acoustic analysis and named Transition Clicks. Acoustic events were categorized into Single Code and Combination Code events; representing situations where one acoustic code was heard versus situations where two or more different acoustic codes were heard simultaneously. Analysis revealed that Single Code events represented 71.25% of the sperm whale Bachelor Group acoustic repertoire. The Usual Click/ Transition Click combination represented 73.74% of Combination Code events. A significant difference was shown between time spent in Single Code versus time spent in Combination Code for Usual Clicks and for Squeals. Acoustic repertoire data revealed the possibility for a strong collaborative acoustic structure and a speculated strategy for evolutionary success among sperm whale Bachelor Groups in Ischia, Italy. Additionally, the study showed that sperm whale Bachelor Groups spend 77.87% of the analyzed time engaged in orientation/searching/foraging behavior and 1.09% engaged in socializing behaviors. Event maps revealed a hotspot of sperm whale Bachelor Group activity in the waters to the northwest of Ischia, Italy, within the submarine Canyon of Cuma, and outside of the boundaries for the Regno di Nettuno Marine Protected Area (MPA). It is recommended that the results of this study be utilized in extending the Regno di Nettuno MPA to include the hotspot, and possible critical area, for sperm whale Bachelor Groups. The results of this study and published literature of the sperm whales in this area could be utilized to create population-specific management strategies for more effective measures in ending population decrease and preserving the species. Further research should be carried out to analyze in detail the role of Transition Clicks in sperm whale acoustics and the possibility of a collaborative acoustic structure that has yet to be displayed in any other sperm whale population worldwide.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780478014341
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Effects of Whale-watching Vessels on the Surface and Underwater Acoustic Behaviour of Sperm Whales Off Kaikoura, New Zealand written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hal Whitehead
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226895178
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Sperm Whales written by Hal Whitehead and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2003-08 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Famed in story as "the great leviathans," sperm whales are truly creatures of extremes. Giants among all whales, they also have the largest brains of any creature on Earth. Males can reach a length of sixty-two feet and can weigh upwards of fifty tons. With this book, Hal Whitehead gives us a clearer picture of the ecology and social life of sperm whales than we have ever had before. Based on almost two decades of field research, Whitehead describes their biology, behavior, and habitat; how they organize their societies; and how their complex lifestyles may have evolved in this unique environment. Among the many fascinating topics he explores is the crucial role that culture plays in the life of the sperm whale, and he traces the consequences of this argument for both evolution and conservation. Finally, drawing on these findings, Whitehead builds a general model of how the ocean environment influences social behavior and cultural evolution among mammals as well as other animals. The definitive portrait of a provocative creature, Sperm Whales will interest animal behaviorists, conservationists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists as well as marine mammalogists.
Author : William John Richardson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals written by William John Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mats Amundin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789187272233
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (722 download)
Download or read book Sound production in odontocetes with emphasis on the harbour porpoise phocoena phocoena written by Mats Amundin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Sperm Whale Acoustic Signals in the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To design, develop, and simulate an automated procedure for passively tracking sperm whales in three- dimensions, using natural vocalizations recorded on two towed arrays, deployed either alone or in conjunction with dive tags. The algorithms would permit automated tracking of multiple animals over complete dive cycles, producing statistically significant sample sizes for evaluation of controlled-exposure studies. When used in conjunction with a dive tag, the algorithm would permit better resolution tracking of animals detected on both the tag in array, effectively increasing the number of animals tracked by the tag.
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Author : Marianne Marcoux
Publisher : Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780494084441
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (844 download)
Download or read book Vocalizations, Diet and Fitness Among Acoustic Clans of Sperm Whales (Physeter Macrocephalus) [microform] written by Marianne Marcoux and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonathan Charles David Gordon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (535 download)
Download or read book The Behaviour and Ecology of Sperm Whales Off Sri Lanka written by Jonathan Charles David Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Quantitative Evaluation of Behavior of Marine Mammals: Behavioral Response to Acoustic Disturbance written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The student, Amy Samuels, is being supported to develop systematic observational protocols and quantitative methods for analyzing the behavior of cetaceans in order to provide quantitative baseline profiles of "normal" behavior and to identify reliable indicators of disturbance response. Research dedicated to identifying predictable patterns of normal behavior is essential for the design of robust disturbance experiments. During 1993-94, Samuels participated in 2 research cruises that were dedicated to study behavioral responses of sperm whales to disturbance in the form of acoustic playback. Samuels was responsible for developing an observational protocol to document systematically the non-vocal behavior of whales during undisturbed baseline conditions and during experimental sound playback conditions. Samuels' protocol represents the first use of quantitative behavioral sampling techniques in sperm whale research. A focal-animal sampling scheme was developed to focus on details of behavior of a whale targeted for playback (identifiable by tag or by distinctive physical features). A scan sampling scheme was developed to document more broadly the behavior of other whales in the vicinity. Behavioral parameters include at-surface duration, dive time, group size and cohesion, direction of travel, speed of travel, and details of behavior while at the surface. The protocol includes supplementation of visual observations by regularly-scheduled video samples of the focal whale's behavior; procedures for analysis of baseline vs. playback video clips are being devised.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133157
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Author : Whitlow W.L. Au
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461211506
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Hearing by Whales and Dolphins written by Whitlow W.L. Au and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, experts in different areas of the field provide an overview of the bioacoustics of whales and dolphins as well as a thorough introduction to the subject for investigators of hearing in other animals. Topics covered include the structure and function of cetacean auditory systems, the unique sound production system of odontocetes, acoustic communication, psychoacoustics, echolocation and models of sound propagation.
Author : Stacy L. DeRuiter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Echolocation-based Foraging by Harbor Porpoises and Sperm Whales, Including Effects of Noise and Acoustic Propagation written by Stacy L. DeRuiter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, I provide quantitative descriptions of toothed whale echolocation and foraging behavior, including assessment of the effects of noise on foraging behavior and the potential influence of ocean acoustic propagation conditions on biosonar detection ranges and whale noise exposure. In addition to presenting some novel basic science findings, the case studies presented in this thesis have implications for future work and for management. In Chapter 2, I describe the application of a modified version of the Dtag to studies of harbor porpoise echolocation behavior. The study results indicate how porpoises vary the rate and level of their echolocation clicks during prey capture events; detail the differences in echolocation behavior between different animals and in response to differences in prey fish; and show that, unlike bats, porpoises continue their echolocation buzz after the moment of prey capture. Chapters 3-4 provide case studies that emphasize the importance of applying realistic models of ocean acoustic propagation in marine mammal studies. These chapters illustrate that, although using geometric spreading approximations to predict communication/target detection ranges or noise exposure levels is appropriate in some cases, it can result in large errors in other cases, particularly in situations where refraction in the water column or multi-path acoustic propagation are significant. Finally, in Chapter 5, I describe two methods for statistical analysis of whale behavior data, the rotation test and a semi-Markov chain model. I apply those methods to test for changes in sperm whale foraging behavior in response to airgun noise exposure. Test results indicate that, despite the low-level exposures experienced by the whales in the study, some (but not all) of them reduced their buzz production rates and altered other foraging behavior parameters in response to the airgun exposure.
