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Author : Adam Sliwinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783936616507
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (165 download)
Download or read book A Vertical Product Differentiation Model for Geospatial Information Services written by Adam Sliwinski and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Barrie R. Nault
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation of Information Goods written by Barrie R. Nault and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large sunk costs of development, negligible costs of reproduction and distribution and substantial economies of scale make information goods distinct from physical goods. Consequently,how to take advantage of the specific characteristics of information goods is an important managerial problem. Price discrimination and product differentiation are common ways this issue has been addressed. In previous literature, vertical differentiation and related pricing strategies have been researched in contexts such as nonlinear utility functions,network externalities, competition and anti-piracy. Little attention has been paid to the relationship between market segmentation and product differentiation. In this paper, we emphasize the interaction of market segmentation and product differentiation as we believe that any product differentiation must be based on existing market segmentation. In our model, we treat vertical differentiation as a special case of horizontal differentiation, and we model the interaction between different market segments showing the differences in product differentiation strategies when moving from horizontal to vertical differentiation. We find that it is always sub-optimal to differentiate information goods if the market is not fully differentiated or if characteristics of the information goods are not specifically designed for certain market segments. We divide characteristics of information goods into four categories according to the ease of differentiation and design guidelines for firms to differentiate their goods based on these characteristics. We further provide guidance on whether to merge one or several versions when costs for versioning information goods are significant.
Author : Xiangzhu Han
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)
Download or read book A Comment on Shaked and Sutton's Model of Vertical Product Differentiation written by Xiangzhu Han and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Matteo Bassi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Product Differentiation by Competing Vertical Hierarchies written by Matteo Bassi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We revisit the choice of product differentiation in the Hotelling model, by assuming that competing firms are vertically separated, and that retailers choose products' characteristics. The “principle of differentiation” does not hold because retailers with private information about their marginal costs produce less differentiated products in order to increase their information rents. Hence, information asymmetry within vertical hierarchies may increase social welfare by inducing them to sell products that appeal to a larger number of consumers. We show that the socially optimal level of transparency between manufacturers and retailers depends on the weight assigned to consumers' surplus and trades off two effects: higher transparency reduces price distortion but induces retailers to produce excessively similar products.
Author : Mark B. Vandenbosch
Publisher : London : Western Business School, University of Western Ontario
ISBN 13 : 9780771414244
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (142 download)
Download or read book Product and Price Competition in a Two-dimensional Vertical Differentiation Model written by Mark B. Vandenbosch and published by London : Western Business School, University of Western Ontario. This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xinghe Henry Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book A Note on the High-Quality Advantage in Vertical Differentiation Models written by Xinghe Henry Wang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well established in vertical product differentiation models that the high-quality firm reaps a larger profit in a two-stage quality-price game as long as the cost of quality improvement is zero or is borne as fixed cost in the first stage quality choice. This note shows that the high-quality advantage may fail to hold if there is variable cost of production that is dependent on quality.
Author : Bin Jiang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048185726
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Geospatial Analysis and Modelling of Urban Structure and Dynamics written by Bin Jiang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Coming of Age: Geospatial Analysis and Modelling in the Early Twenty First Century Forty years ago when spatial analysis first emerged as a distinct theme within geography’s quantitative revolution, the focus was largely on consistent methods for measuring spatial correlation. The concept of spatial au- correlation took pride of place, mirroring concerns in time-series analysis about similar kinds of dependence known to distort the standard probability theory used to derive appropriate statistics. Early applications of spatial correlation tended to reflect geographical patterns expressed as points. The perspective taken on such analytical thinking was founded on induction, the search for pattern in data with a view to suggesting appropriate hypotheses which could subsequently be tested. In parallel but using very different techniques came the development of a more deductive style of analysis based on modelling and thence simulation. Here the focus was on translating prior theory into forms for generating testable predictions whose outcomes could be compared with observations about some system or phenomenon of interest. In the intervening years, spatial analysis has broadened to embrace both inductive and deductive approaches, often combining both in different mixes for the variety of problems to which it is now applied.
Author : Jochen Albrecht
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1849206511
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (492 download)
Download or read book Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS written by Jochen Albrecht and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS is a concise overview of the fundamental ideas that inform geographic information science. It provides detailed descriptions of the concepts and techniques that anyone using GIS software must fully understand to analyse spatial data. Short and clearly focussed chapters provide explanations of: spatial relationships and spatial data the creation of digital data, the use and access of existing data, the combination of data the use of modelling techniques and the essential functions of map algebra spatial statistics and spatial analysis geocomputation - including discussion of neural networks, cellular automata, and agent-based modelling Illustrated throughout with explanatory figures, the text also includes a glossary, cross referenced to discussion in the text. Written very much from a user′s perspective, Key Concepts and Techniques in GIS is highly readable refresher course for intermediate level students and practitioners of GIS in the social and the natural sciences.
Author : University Consortium for Geographic Information Science
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780892912674
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge written by University Consortium for Geographic Information Science and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Documentation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roger S. Bivand
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461476186
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R written by Roger S. Bivand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R, second edition, is divided into two basic parts, the first presenting R packages, functions, classes and methods for handling spatial data. This part is of interest to users who need to access and visualise spatial data. Data import and export for many file formats for spatial data are covered in detail, as is the interface between R and the open source GRASS GIS and the handling of spatio-temporal data. The second part showcases more specialised kinds of spatial data analysis, including spatial point pattern analysis, interpolation and geostatistics, areal data analysis and disease mapping. The coverage of methods of spatial data analysis ranges from standard techniques to new developments, and the examples used are largely taken from the spatial statistics literature. All the examples can be run using R contributed packages available from the CRAN website, with code and additional data sets from the book's own website. Compared to the first edition, the second edition covers the more systematic approach towards handling spatial data in R, as well as a number of important and widely used CRAN packages that have appeared since the first edition. This book will be of interest to researchers who intend to use R to handle, visualise, and analyse spatial data. It will also be of interest to spatial data analysts who do not use R, but who are interested in practical aspects of implementing software for spatial data analysis. It is a suitable companion book for introductory spatial statistics courses and for applied methods courses in a wide range of subjects using spatial data, including human and physical geography, geographical information science and geoinformatics, the environmental sciences, ecology, public health and disease control, economics, public administration and political science. The book has a website where complete code examples, data sets, and other support material may be found: http://www.asdar-book.org. The authors have taken part in writing and maintaining software for spatial data handling and analysis with R in concert since 2003.
Author : Harvey J. Miller
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195123944
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Geographic Information Systems for Transportation written by Harvey J. Miller and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GIS data and tools are revolutionizing transportation research and decision making, allowing transportation analysts and professionals to understand and solve complex transportation problems that were previously impossible. Here, Miller and Shaw present a comprehensive discussion of fundamental geographic science and the applications of these principles using GIS and other software tools. By providing thorough and accessible discussions of transportation analysis within a GIS environment, this volume fills a critical niche in GIS-T and GIS literature.
Author : Larry Sugarbaker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781411338463
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (384 download)
Download or read book The 3D Elevation Program Initiative written by Larry Sugarbaker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hartwig Dobesch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118614992
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Spatial Interpolation for Climate Data written by Hartwig Dobesch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title gives an authoritative look at the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in climatology and meterology. GIS provides a range of strategies, from traditional methods, such as those for hydromet database analysis and management, to new developing methods. As such, this book will provide a useful reference tool in this important aspect of climatology and meterology study.
Author : Mario A. Gomarasca
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402090145
Total Pages : 690 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Basics of Geomatics written by Mario A. Gomarasca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomatics is a neologism, the use of which is becoming increasingly widespread, even if it is not still universally accepted. It includes several disciplines and te- niques for the study of the Earth’s surface and its environments, and computer science plays a decisive role. A more meaningful and appropriate expression is G- spatial Information or GeoInformation. Geo-spatial Information embeds topography in its more modern forms (measurements with electronic instrumentation, sophisticated techniques of data analysis and network compensation, global satellite positioning techniques, laser scanning, etc.), analytical and digital photogrammetry, satellite and airborne remote sensing, numerical cartography, geographical information systems, decision support systems, WebGIS, etc. These specialized elds are intimately interrelated in terms of both the basic science and the results pursued: rigid separation does not allow us to discover several common aspects and the fundamental importance assumed in a search for solutions in the complex survey context. The objective pursued by Mario A. Gomarasca, one that is only apparently modest, is to publish an integrated text on the surveying theme, containing simple and comprehensible concepts relevant to experts in Geo-spatial Information and/or speci cally in one of the disciplines that compose it. At the same time, the book is rigorous and synthetic, describing with precision the main instruments and methods connected to the multiple techniques available today.
Author : Basudeb Bhatta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642052991
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data written by Basudeb Bhatta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive discussion on urban growth and sprawl, and how they can be analyzed using remote sensing imageries. It compiles views of numerous researchers that help in understanding the urban growth and sprawl; their patterns, process, causes, consequences, and countermeasures; how remote sensing data and geographic information system techniques can be used in mapping, monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and simulating the urban growth and sprawl and what are the merits and demerits of available methods and models. This book will be of value for the scientists and researchers engaged in urban geographic research, especially using remote sensing imageries. This book will serve as a rigours literature review for them. Post graduate students of urban geography or urban/regional planning may refer this book as additional studies. This book may help the academicians for preparing lecture notes and delivering lectures. Industry professionals may also be benefited from the discussed methods and models along with numerous citations.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309092086
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Learning to Think Spatially written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-02-03 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of Kâ€"12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the Kâ€"12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.
