A Temporally Explicit Investigation Of The Effects Of Habitat Change On Landbird Population And Community Dynamics

Download A Temporally Explicit Investigation Of The Effects Of Habitat Change On Landbird Population And Community Dynamics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A Temporally Explicit Investigation Of The Effects Of Habitat Change On Landbird Population And Community Dynamics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

A Temporally Explicit Investigation of the Effects of Habitat Change on Landbird Population and Community Dynamics

Author : Elizabeth Laura Porzig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303794520
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (945 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A Temporally Explicit Investigation of the Effects of Habitat Change on Landbird Population and Community Dynamics by : Elizabeth Laura Porzig

Download or read book A Temporally Explicit Investigation of the Effects of Habitat Change on Landbird Population and Community Dynamics written by Elizabeth Laura Porzig and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying population and community dynamics through time provides a better understanding of the ecological impacts of increasing rates of anthropogenic change. Such investigations can (1) validate the tools we use to understand and predict the impacts of environmental dynamics, (2) identify dominant processes affecting populations and communities, and (3) provide insight into the mechanisms of population response to environmental change. Here, I use long-term data from the Palomarin Field Station in coastal California detailing three decades of landbird population and community dynamics at a site undergoing secondary plant succession to better understand the effects of environmental change on landbirds. In Chapter 1, I compare the ability of a habitat suitability models (HSMs) to logistic population models to explain and predict trends in abundance of seven species. HSMs are increasingly used to predict species response to future climate and land-use scenarios. However, these models do not explicitly incorporate time-dependent processes such as population growth rates and the strength of density dependence. I compared HSMs to logistic population models in explaining and predicting landbird response to vegetation change at Palomarin. In the retrospective comparison, I found that HSMs performed well in explaining variation in trends of the seven species over a 23-year period from 1983-2005, explaining between 58 and 90% of deviance. However, for three of the species, Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), and Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata), a logistic population model provided a better fit to the retrospective data. These three species have more localized dispersal, suggesting that incorporating population processes into habitat suitability modeling for species with similar dispersal patterns may improve projections. In the prospective evaluation, I used both model types to predict changes in abundance from 2006-2010, and I compared these predicted abundances to the observed abundances. Neither model type performed consistently better in predicting species trends over the five year period. In summary, I found that overall HSMs can explain and predict species' trends through time; however, for species with localized dispersal, incorporating population processes may improve understanding. There is strong evidence that differential response of species to changes in the environment will result in novel community assemblages. An unresolved question is the degree to which interspecific interactions influence long-term changes in populations, since most analyses have considered species responses to occur independently of the community in which they occur. In the Chapter 2, I applied a hierarchical approach and Bayesian inference to the times series of seven species used in my first chapter to partition variance in species trends between interspecific interactions, intraspecific processes and environmental forcing. I found that within-guild interspecific interactions were the least important contributor to variation in species trends, explaining between 0 and 5% of variation. Vegetation and rainfall variation, combined, explained 6 to 30% of variation in species trends. Intraspecific processes explained between 0 and 39% of variation. Between 27 to 90% of variation was attributed to unexplained variation. While these are not novel species interactions, as would be expected in communities resulting from anthropogenic change, these results suggest that within-guild interactions are not a major source of variation in landbird population trends. In the third chapter of my dissertation, I investigated the underlying behavioral and demographic mechanisms of species' response to environmental dynamics. I focus on one species, White-crowned Sparrow, which has declined dramatically in density since 1980. I evaluate patterns in vegetation change, nest site selection, and three measures of reproductive success to understand the effect of habitat change on individuals and to provide insight into the degree to which White-crowned Sparrows are able to ameliorate the effects of habitat change through behavioral decisions. I found that White-crowned Sparrows prefer early successional habitat, and no evidence for an effect of the range of experienced habitat conditions on variation in nest survival, clutch size, or number of fledglings. These results provide evidence that through their strong habitat preference, individual White-crowned Sparrows are able to narrow the range of successional habitat they experience, and thus do not incur a demographic cost of habitat change on reproductive success. These results demonstrate the species' ability to adjust to habitat change through behavioral decisions. As we recognize the degree to which anthropogenic forcing creates environmental change, we are increasingly aware that the impact of these changes will depend in part upon the rate at which they occur. By explicitly studying landbird population and community response to three decades of habitat change, this dissertation provides insight into the ecological processes that influence variation in population abundances, the mechanisms underlying species' response to environmental change, and the efficacy of the tools we use to study and predict these responses. My findings that (1) HSMs perform well in explaining variation in species trends through time, (2) interspecific interactions are not a dominant driver of trends, and (3) habitat selection decisions can ameliorate the negative effects of habitat change on reproductive success provide a baseline of understanding to which we can compare changes in other systems and at other time scales in order to better understand and explain ecological change in a time of increasing rates of change and increasing variability.

Temporal Dynamics of Avian Responses to Human-induced Habitat Change

Author : Maxfield A. Carlin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (699 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Temporal Dynamics of Avian Responses to Human-induced Habitat Change by : Maxfield A. Carlin

Download or read book Temporal Dynamics of Avian Responses to Human-induced Habitat Change written by Maxfield A. Carlin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land-use change remains a primary driver of habitat alteration worldwide. Understanding how wildlife populations respond to human-induced changes in habitat composition is therefore an enduring challenge for wildlife conservation and management. Whereas spatial aspects of wildlife responses to anthropogenic habitat alteration are common, temporal dynamics of responses are rarely examined. Energy development has emerged as a predominant source of land-use change and habitat loss in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems. Evaluations of the spatial and temporal effects of energy development on sagebrush-dependent wildlife are fundamental to sound conservation planning. We assessed whether and how abundance trends of three sagebrush-obligate songbirds along a gradient of habitat loss associated with energy development varied across two study periods spanning a decade. Previous work in our study system suggesting that reproductive success is reduced in areas with more habitat loss informed our corresponding prediction that songbird responses to energy development would deteriorate over time. While the unexpected attenuation of abundance trends apparent in some of our results may indicate sensitivity to features of land-use change other than surface habitat loss, consistently negative responses found for other species suggest a lasting legacy of habitat loss in the sagebrush-steppe. The variation in responses we observed across species, moreover, suggests that conservation practitioners may need to address species-specific sensitivities to land-use change. As some of the temporal abundance dynamics we observed potentially demonstrate continued use of areas of high energy development intensity by songbirds despite lower reproductive success, we also assessed songbird habitat preferences relative to the gradient of habitat loss associated with energy development. Habitat preference is frequently evaluated using singular indices of habitat selection, and assessments of congruence between multiple indices in the same system are uncommon.As some of the temporal abundance dynamics we observed potentially demonstrate continued use of areas of high energy development intensity by songbirds despite lower reproductive success, we also assessed songbird habitat preferences relative to the gradient of habitat loss associated with energy development. Habitat preference is frequently evaluated using singular indices of habitat selection, and assessments of congruence between multiple indices in the same system are uncommon.

Effects of Climate Change on Birds

Author : Anders Pape Møller
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191576662
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Change on Birds by : Anders Pape Møller

Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on Birds written by Anders Pape Møller and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change affects all living organisms; it has done so in the past and will do so in the future. However, current climate change is exceptional both in terms of the rate of change and the impact of multiple types of global change on individuals, populations, species, and ecosystems. Effects of Climate Change on Birds provides an exhaustive and up-to-date synthesis of the science of climate change as it relates to birds. Compared with any other class of animals, birds provide more long-term data and extensive time series (some dating back more than 100 years), a more geographically and taxonomically diverse source of information, and a longer tradition of extensive research. In fact this research record exceeds what is available in all other organisms combined.

Optimizing Landbird Surveys for Detecting Population and Spatial Dynamics

Author : Jeremy D. Mizel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Optimizing Landbird Surveys for Detecting Population and Spatial Dynamics by : Jeremy D. Mizel

Download or read book Optimizing Landbird Surveys for Detecting Population and Spatial Dynamics written by Jeremy D. Mizel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landbird populations are undergoing concurrent changes in population size, spatial distribution, and phenology. The sensitivity of landbird monitoring programs to detect and distinguish these varied processes is of critical importance. Consequently, these efforts require inference methods that are efficient and fully leverage information about spatial, population, and phenological dynamics. The development of efficient inference methods can be addressed in part through a thorough understanding of how the data are actually generated, the application of sampling methods that attempt to maximize encounter probability, and the tailoring of sampling methods to maximize sensitivity to specific inference objectives. Chapter one of this dissertation is concerned with accommodating temporary emigration in spatial distance sampling models. Model-based distance sampling is commonly used to understand spatial variation in the density of wildlife species. The standard approach is to assume that individuals are distributed uniformly in space and model spatial variation in abundance using plot-level effects. Thinned point process models for surveys of unmarked populations (spatial distance sampling) frame the sampling process in terms of the individual encounter in space and, consequently, are expected to offer greater sensitivity for understanding spatial processes. However, existing spatial distance sampling approaches are conditioned on the assumption that all individuals are present and available for sampling. Temporary emigration of individuals can therefore result in biased estimates of abundance. Herein, I extend spatial distance sampling models to accommodate temporary emigration. A simulation study indicated more precise and less biased estimation under the spatial distance sampling model compared to models that assume a uniform distribution of individuals and assess spatial variation in abundance using plot-level effects. An applied example involving two arctic-breeding passerines indicated considerably stronger inference under the spatial distance sampling model than standard distance sampling models. Chapter two is concerned with the capacity of subarctic passerines to adjust their arrival timing to relatively extreme variation in spring conditions. I assessed interannual variation in passerine arrival timing in Denali National Park, Alaska from 1995-2015, a period that included both the warmest and coldest recorded mean spring temperatures for the park. Neotropical-Nearctic migrants varied in terms of the flexibility of their arrival timing, but generally showed plastic phenologies, suggesting resilience under extreme spring conditions. In comparison, Nearctic-Nearctic migrants showed similar or greater plasticity in arrival timing. A majority of species showed synchronous-asynchronous fluctuation in arrival (i.e., synchronous arrival in some years, asynchronous in others) in combination with various levels of the mean response (i.e., early, average, and late arrival), suggesting the presence of interactions between environmental conditions at multiple scales and inter-individual variation. Overall, these findings suggest that monitoring of the mean-variance relationship may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors shaping phenological responses. Chapter three is concerned with developing efficient inference methods for inventorying and monitoring cliff-nesting raptor populations. In nest occupancy studies of cliff-nesting raptors, the standard approach is to allocate a level of survey effort that is assumed to ensure that the occupancy state is known with certainty. However, allocating effort in this manner is inefficient, particularly at landscape scales, constraining our capacity for effective management of these species. To increase survey efficiency and expand the spatial inference of these studies, I developed two versions of a multi-state, time-removal model, one for long-term monitoring studies and another for population inventories or single-season surveys in which there is no prior knowledge of nest locations. For long-term monitoring of species with alternative nests, I formulated a version of the model that accounts for state uncertainty at the territory-level caused by a failure to observe all nests within a territory. Simulation studies indicated generally low to moderate relative bias under the monitoring and inventory models. In addition, I applied the monitoring model to a long-term study of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Alaska and demonstrate that the maximum effort spent on any nesting territory could be reduced by up to almost 90% of that recommended by standard protocols.

Informing Ecosystem Management

Author : Jaime L. Stephens
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781479141319
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (413 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Informing Ecosystem Management by : Jaime L. Stephens

Download or read book Informing Ecosystem Management written by Jaime L. Stephens and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in bird conservation are marked by the integration of science and land management. Information gained from past research can now be used to develop user-friendly management tools. Partners in Flight (Rich et al. 2004) as well as shorebirds (Brown et al. 2001), waterbirds (Kushlan et al. 2002), and especially waterfowl (North American Waterfowl Management Plan Committee 2004) initiatives use their respective conservation plans to catalyze this process and influence land management planning across the landscape. Using these conservation plans within a broader monitoring framework, managers can glean pertinent information about ecosystem dynamics. Land managers work in a setting where change is continuous and unpredictable (Bosch et al. 2003). Within this dynamic environment, they often are faced with making management decisions without any scientific support to guide them. Management activities need to be linked to the scientific process in order to better understand potential influences on the surrounding ecosystem. One scientific tool that will help to forge this link is monitoring. Monitoring measures population and habitat change and often elucidates the causes of change. Performed in concert with management actions, monitoring can help to evaluate the effectiveness of management prescriptions (Alexander et al. 2007) and provide assurance that management efforts are focusing on agreed-upon goals (Keough and Blahna 2006). Land managers and biologists commonly monitor birds, both to track bird populations themselves, and as a tool to measure ecosystem health as a whole. Birds are relatively easy and cost-effective to monitor and standardized methodologies exist to allow comparisons across sites (Ralph et al. 1993). Birds occupy a wide diversity of ecological niches and respond quickly to changes in their environment. While bird monitoring is common, it is not always clear exactly what is gained by this monitoring. Primarily, bird monitoring is integral in answering the immediate questions about the effects of land management on an ecosystem. In addition, the value of monitoring data could increase with time as it contributes to answering longer and larger scale questions. However, monitoring data are only as valuable as the extent to which they are applied. It is therefore important that we step back and evaluate the influence that bird monitoring projects have had on management. With this, we can learn from the past and inform others of how to implement successful, meaningful monitoring projects for the future. This volume highlights bird conservation successes resulting from the integration of science, management, and learning within a collaborative framework, i.e., adaptive management (Jacobson et al. 2006). The adaptive management process consists of six stages: assessment, design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment. Land management projects are implemented one stage at a time and tested at each step, allowing for detection and correction of any deleterious effects (Moir and Block 2001). Ideally, information from one stage is incorporated into subsequent stages and an informational feedback loop or “adaptive management circle” is created. When properly integrated, the process is continuous, cyclic, and constantly evolving (Haney and Power 1996). In this publication, we present ten examples illustrating both the process and science behind bird conservation throughout the western United States. We begin with a series of papers that describe integrating bird conservation and effectiveness monitoring into land management guidelines and emphasize the importance of partnerships. This is followed by a series of case studies which highlight bird monitoring within the adaptive management framework. We emphasize the science of monitoring and the process of its integration into land management because both are necessary in order for effectiveness monitoring to fully impact decision making.

Effects of Spatial Scale and Heterogeneity on Avian Occupancy Dynamics and Population Trends in Forested Mountain Landscapes

Author : Sarah Jean Kiuama Frey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Effects of Spatial Scale and Heterogeneity on Avian Occupancy Dynamics and Population Trends in Forested Mountain Landscapes by : Sarah Jean Kiuama Frey

Download or read book Effects of Spatial Scale and Heterogeneity on Avian Occupancy Dynamics and Population Trends in Forested Mountain Landscapes written by Sarah Jean Kiuama Frey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population trends and patterns in species distributions are the major currencies used to examine responses by biodiversity to changing environments. Effective conservation recommendations require that models of both distribution dynamics and population trends accurately reflect reality. However, identification of the appropriate temporal and spatial scales of animal response, and then obtaining data at these scales present two major challenges to developing predictive models. In heterogeneous forested mountain landscapes I examined: A) the relative drivers of climatic variability at fine spatial scales under the forest canopy ('microclimate'), B) the influence of microclimate on local-scale occupancy dynamics of bird communities, and C) the effects of spatial scale and imperfect bird detection on long-term avian population trends. Climate change has been predicted to cause widespread biodiversity declines. However, the capacity of climate envelope models for predicting the future of biodiversity has been questioned due to the mismatch between the scale of available data (i.e., global climate models) and the scales at which organisms experience their environment. Local-scale variation in microclimate is hypothesized to provide potential 'microrefugia' for biodiversity, but the relative role of elevation, microtopography, and vegetation structure in driving microclimate is not well known. If the microrefugia hypothesis is true, I expected to see areas on the landscape that remained relatively cooler (i.e., buffered sites). To test this, I collected temperature data at 183 sites across elevation and forest structure gradients in complex terrain of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA (Chapter 2). I used boosted regression trees, a novel machine learning approach, to determine the relative influence of vegetation structure, microtopography, and elevation as drivers of microclimate and mapped fine-scale distributions of temperature across the landscape. Models performed extremely well on independent data - cross-validation correlations between testing and training data were 0.69 - 0.98 for ten selected climate variables. Elevation was the dominant driver in fine-scale microclimate patterns, although vegetation and microtopography also showed substantial relative influences. For instance, during the spring-summer transition, maximum monthly temperatures observed in old-growth sites were 2.6°C (95% CI: 1.8 - 3.3°C) cooler than plantation sites and minimum temperatures during winter months were 0.6°C (95% CI: 0.4 - 0.8°C) warmer. This suggests that older forest stands mediate changes in temperature by buffering against warming during summer months and moderating cold temperatures during the winter. Climate is generally considered most influential on species distributions at large spatial scales; however much microclimate variability exists within regional patterns. I tested whether this high degree of microclimate variability has relevance for predicting species distributions and occupancy dynamics of the Andrews Forest bird community. I collected bird occurrence data in 2012 and 2013 at all 183 sites with fine-scale temperature measurements. I used dynamic occupancy models to test the effects of temperature on occupancy and apparent within-season bird movement while statistically accounting for vegetation effects and imperfect bird detection (Chapter 3). Most species (87%) exhibited within-season shifts in response to local-scale temperature metrics. Effects of temperature on within-season occupancy dynamics were as large or larger (1 to 1.7 times) than vegetation. However, individual species were almost as likely to shift toward warmer sites as toward cooler sites, suggesting that microclimate preferences are species-specific. My results emphasize that high-resolution temperature data provide valuable insight into avian distribution dynamics in montane forest environments and that microclimate is an important variable in breeding season habitat selection by forest birds. I hypothesize that microclimate-associated distribution shifts may reflect species' potential for behavioral buffering from climate change in complex terrain. Factors influencing population trends often differ depending on the spatial scale under consideration. Further, accurate estimation of trends requires accounting for biases caused by imperfect detection. To test the degree to which population trends are consistent across scales, I estimated landscape-scale bird population trends from 1999-2012 for 38 species at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA and compared them to regional and local trends (Chapter 4). I used a new method - open-population binomial mixture models - to test the hypothesis that imperfect detection in bird sampling has the potential to bias trend estimates. I also tested for generalities in species responses by predicting population trends as a function of life history and ecological traits. Landscape-scale trends were correlated with regional and local trends, but generally these correlations were weak (r = 0.12 - 0.4). Further, more species were declining at the regional scale compared to within the relatively undisturbed HBEF. Life history and ecological traits did not explain any of the variability in the HBEF trends. However, at the regional scale, species that occurred at higher elevations were more likely to be declining and species associated with older forests have increased. I hypothesize that these differences could be attributed to both elevated rates of land-use change in the broader region and the fact that the structure of regional data did not permit modeling of imperfect detection. Indeed, accounting for imperfect detection resulted in more accurate population trend estimates at the landscape scale; without accounting for detection we would have both missed trends and falsely identified trends where none existed. These results highlight two important cautions for trend analysis: 1) population trends estimated at fine spatial scales may not be extrapolated to broader scales and 2) accurate trends require accounting for imperfect detection.

Consequences of habitat loss and change to populations of wintering migratory birds

Author : J. Goss-Custard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Consequences of habitat loss and change to populations of wintering migratory birds by : J. Goss-Custard

Download or read book Consequences of habitat loss and change to populations of wintering migratory birds written by J. Goss-Custard and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population models show that the response of migratory bird populations to a reduction in the area, or change in the quality, of their winter feeding areas depends critically on the shape (linear or non-linear) and strength (slope) of the relationship describing how the proportion dying from starvation changes with population density, Yet the parameters that define such density- dependent functions are extremely difficult to estimate from direct measurements of mortality at different population sizes. Even if they could be estimated, there would be uncertainty as to whether or not the relationship would remain the same, and thus provide reliable predictions, in the new circumstances for which forecasts are required. This paper summarizes studies of the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus which aim to derive the shape and strength of the winter density-dependent mortality and emigration function for one estuary, under existing and new circumstances, from the responses of individual birds to each other and to their spatially and seasonally varying food supply. Based on these studies, an individuals-based, physiologically structured game theoretic distribution model has been built which predicts the carrying capacity and numbers of birds dying at different population sizes. The model also can be applied to Oyster-catchers occupying several estuaries distributed throughout their wintering range and can thus be extended to the entire biogeographical or global population, In addition, it can be used to identify some easily measured behavioural and ecological parameters that identify those species, from a wide range of taxa, that are most likely to be affected by habitat loss and change.

Life in a Changing World

Author : Nina Margaret McLean
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Life in a Changing World by : Nina Margaret McLean

Download or read book Life in a Changing World written by Nina Margaret McLean and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of extinctions. Therefore, a major aim of climate change ecology is to understand how species are being impacted and identify which species are most at risk. However, the ability to make these broad generalisations requires large-scale comparative analyses based on appropriate assumptions. This thesis investigates how European birds respond to changes in climate, the validity of several common assumptions, and identifies which species or populations are most at risk based on multiple long-term datasets. Our understanding of how different responses relate and how they affect population persistence is lacking. A conceptual hierarchical framework is introduced in chapter one to better understand and predict when climate-induced trait changes (phenology or physiology) impact demographic rates (survival or reproduction), and subsequently population dynamics. I synthesise the literature to find hypotheses about life-history and ecological characteristics that could predict when population dynamics will likely be affected. An example shows that, although earlier laying with warmer temperatures was associated with improved reproduction, this had no apparent effect on population trends in 35 British birds. Number of broods partly explains which species are most at risk of temperature-induced population declines. It is often assumed that populations within species respond similarly to climate change, and therefore a single value will reflect species-specific responses. Chapter two explores inter- and intra-specific variation in body condition responses to six climatic variables in 46 species over 21 years and 80 sites. Body condition is sensitive to all six variables (primarily in a non-linear way), and declines with warmer temperatures. I find that species signals might not exist as populations of the same species are no more alike than populations of different species. Decreased body condition is typically assumed to have detrimental consequences on species' vital rates and population dynamics, but this assumption has rarely been tested. Expanding on chapter two, chapter three shows that temperature-induced declines in body condition have no apparent consequences on demography and population dynamics. Instead, temperature has strong effects on reproductive success and population growth rates via unknown traits and demographic rates. Much of the literature investigating climatic impacts assumes that temporal trends accurately reflect responses to climate change, and therefore investigate trait changes over time. In chapter four, I use two long-term datasets to demonstrate that, for four different types of trait responses, trait variation through time cannot be assumed to be due to warming. Non-temperature causal agents are important in explaining temporal trends, often resulting in reinforced effects. Consequently, the roles of climatic and non-climatic effects need to be understood to better predict those species most at risk. This thesis lays the foundations for more holistic climate change research that encompasses relationships among multiple response types, species and populations. Such knowledge will be vital for future conservation efforts.

Ecology Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 778 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ecology Abstracts by :

Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.

Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change

Author :
Publisher : UNEP/Earthprint
ISBN 13 : 9789292251352
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change by :

Download or read book Review of the Literature on the Links Between Biodiversity and Climate Change written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The designations employed and the presentation of ISBN: 92-9225-136-8 material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of Copyright © 2009, Secretariat of the Convention on the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the Biological Diversity legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerni [...] Ahmed Djoghlaf Where species and ecosystems are well protected and Executive Secretary healthy, natural adaptation may take place, as long as the Convention on Biological Diversity 5 Review of literature PREFACE These three literature reviews on the 'Links between evidence of the importance of natural ecosystems in the Biodiversity and Climate change: Impacts,Adaptation carbon cycle and in mitigat [...] Finally the third section aims to highlight the developments in our understanding of the role The IPCC 4th Assessment Report (AR4; IPCC 2007) of biodiversity in climate change mitigation, and the impacts concluded that climate change will have significant impacts of mitigation policies on biodiversity. [...] Models of future be large and more complex in the tropics, where the effects climate change suggest that these distributional changes of rising temperatures and reduced precipitation are may lead to severe range contractions and the extinction of exacerbated by the effects of land-use change. [...] Each of these sources Because of the importance of these impacts and of climate and modelling approaches has advantages and change itself, there has been a great deal of recent disadvantages (Thuiller et al 2008).

Birds and Habitat

Author : Robert J. Fuller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521897564
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Birds and Habitat by : Robert J. Fuller

Download or read book Birds and Habitat written by Robert J. Fuller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesises important concepts, patterns and issues relating to avian habitat selection, drawing on examples from Europe, North America and Australia.

Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats

Author : Brenda McComb
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420070584
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats by : Brenda McComb

Download or read book Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats written by Brenda McComb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-03-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the face of so many unprecedented changes in our environment, the pressure is on scientists to lead the way toward a more sustainable future. Written by a team of ecologists, Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats: A Practitioner’s Guide provides a framework that natural resource managers and researchers can use to design monitoring programs that will benefit future generations by distilling the information needed to make informed decisions. In addition, this text is valuable for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses that are focused on monitoring animal populations. With the aid of more than 90 illustrations and a four-page color insert, this book offers practical guidance for the entire monitoring process, from incorporating stakeholder input and data collection, to data management, analysis, and reporting. It establishes the basis for why, what, how, where, and when monitoring should be conducted; describes how to analyze and interpret the data; explains how to budget for monitoring efforts; and discusses how to assemble reports of use in decision-making. The book takes a multi-scaled and multi-taxa approach, focusing on monitoring vertebrate populations and upland habitats, but the recommendations and suggestions presented are applicable to a variety of monitoring programs. Lastly, the book explores the future of monitoring techniques, enabling researchers to better plan for the future of wildlife populations and their habitats. Monitoring Animal Populations and Their Habitats: A Practitioner’s Guide furthers the goal of achieving a world in which biodiversity is allowed to evolve and flourish in the face of such uncertainties as climate change, invasive species proliferation, land use expansion, and population growth.

Biological Invasions

Author : Wolfgang Nentwig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540369201
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Biological Invasions by : Wolfgang Nentwig

Download or read book Biological Invasions written by Wolfgang Nentwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-13 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume on Biological Invasions deals with both plants and animals, differing from previous books by extending from the level of individual species to an ecosystem and global level. Topics of highest societal relevance, such as the impact of genetically modified organisms, are interlinked with more conventional ecological aspects, including biodiversity. The combination of these approaches is new and makes compelling reading for researchers and environmentalists.

Demographic Methods Across the Tree of Life

Author : Roberto Salguero-Gomez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198838603
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Demographic Methods Across the Tree of Life by : Roberto Salguero-Gomez

Download or read book Demographic Methods Across the Tree of Life written by Roberto Salguero-Gomez and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demography is everywhere in our lives: from birth to death. Indeed, the universal currencies of survival, development, reproduction, and recruitment shape the performance of all species, from microbes to humans. The number of techniques for demographic data acquisition and analyses across the entire tree of life (microbes, fungi, plants, and animals) has drastically increased in recent decades. These developments have been partially facilitated by the advent of technologies such as GIS and drones, as well as analytical methods including Bayesian statistics and high-throughput molecular analyses. However, despite the universality of demography and the significant research potential that could emerge from unifying: (i) questions across taxa, (ii) data collection protocols, and (iii) analytical tools, demographic methods to date have remained taxonomically siloed and methodologically disintegrated. This is the first book to attempt a truly unified approach to demography and population ecology in order to address a wide range of questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology across the entire spectrum of life. This novel book provides the reader with the fundamentals of data collection, model construction, analyses, and interpretation across a wide repertoire of demographic techniques and protocols. It introduces the novice demographer to a broad range of demographic methods, including abundance-based models, life tables, matrix population models, integral projection models, integrated population models, individual based models, and more. Through the careful integration of data collection methods, analytical approaches, and applications, clearly guided throughout with fully reproducible R scripts, the book provides an up-to-date and authoritative overview of the most popular and effective demographic tools. Demographic Methods across the Tree of Life is aimed at graduate students and professional researchers in the fields of demography, ecology, animal behaviour, genetics, evolutionary biology, mathematical biology, and wildlife management.

Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change

Author : R.W. Furness
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401513228
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change by : R.W. Furness

Download or read book Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change written by R.W. Furness and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change looks at how bird populations are affected by pollutants, water quality, and other physical changes and how this scientific knowledge can help in predicting the effects of pollutants and other physical changes in the environment.

California Bird Species of Special Concern

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis California Bird Species of Special Concern by :

Download or read book California Bird Species of Special Concern written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change

Author : David B. Lindenmayer
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 159726606X
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (972 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change by : David B. Lindenmayer

Download or read book Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change written by David B. Lindenmayer and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat loss and degradation that comes as a result of human activity is the single biggest threat to biodiversity in the world today. Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change is a groundbreaking work that brings together a wealth of information from a wide range of sources to define the ecological problems caused by landscape change and to highlight the relationships among landscape change, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity conservation. The book: synthesizes a large body of information from the scientific literature considers key theoretical principles for examining and predicting effects examines the range of effects that can arise explores ways of mitigating impacts reviews approaches to studying the problem discusses knowledge gaps and future areas for research and management Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change offers a unique mix of theoretical and practical information, outlining general principles and approaches and illustrating those principles with case studies from around the world. It represents a definitive overview and synthesis on the full range of topics that fall under the widely used but often vaguely defined term "habitat fragmentation."