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A Systems Approach To Risk Reduction Of Transportation Infrastructure Networks Subject To Multiple Hazards
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Book Synopsis A Systems Approach to Risk Reduction of Transportation Infrastructure Networks Subject to Multiple Hazards by : Mauricio Sánchez-Silva
Download or read book A Systems Approach to Risk Reduction of Transportation Infrastructure Networks Subject to Multiple Hazards written by Mauricio Sánchez-Silva and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multi-hazard Approaches to Civil Infrastructure Engineering by : Paolo Gardoni
Download or read book Multi-hazard Approaches to Civil Infrastructure Engineering written by Paolo Gardoni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection focuses on the development of novel approaches to address one of the most pressing challenges of civil engineering, namely the mitigation of natural hazards. Numerous engineering books to date have focused on, and illustrate considerable progress toward, mitigation of individual hazards (earthquakes, wind, and so forth.). The current volume addresses concerns related to overall safety, sustainability and resilience of the built environment when subject to multiple hazards: natural disaster events that are concurrent and either correlated (e.g., wind and surge); uncorrelated (e.g., earthquake and flood); cascading (e.g., fire following earthquake); or uncorrelated and occurring at different times (e.g., wind and earthquake). The authors examine a range of specific topics including methodologies for vulnerability assessment of structures, new techniques to reduce the system demands through control systems; instrumentation, monitoring and condition assessment of structures and foundations; new techniques for repairing structures that have suffered damage during past events, or for structures that have been found in need of strengthening; development of new design provisions that consider multiple hazards, as well as questions from law and the humanities relevant to the management of natural and human-made hazards.
Book Synopsis Seismic Risk Mitigation Strategies for Complex Regional Transport Networks by : Gitanjali Bhattacharjee
Download or read book Seismic Risk Mitigation Strategies for Complex Regional Transport Networks written by Gitanjali Bhattacharjee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like the systems that supply residents of an area with power, water, sanitation, and communication services, road networks, which provide transport, are lifelines (Chang, 2016). Earthquakes can result in extensive damage to road networks and, in California, have historically caused significant damage to bridges (Mitchell et al., 1995). The immediate goal of seismically retrofitting a bridge is to mitigate the risk of the bridge experiencing structural damage during an earthquake (e.g., Buckle et al., 2006). Seismically retrofitting a bridge reduces the probability that it will be damaged by ground shaking in an earthquake -- and, consequently, the probability that it will incur repair costs or contribute to the indirect costs associated with road network disruptions. Retrofitting bridges has been shown to be a cost-effective method of mitigating the risk of bridge damage (e.g., Giovinazzi et al., 2011). Given budget constraints, retrofitting every bridge in a regional road network subject to seismic hazard is infeasible. How to decide which bridges within such a network to retrofit has therefore proven to be a problem of enduring interest. Complicating factors include the scale of the real-world problem, which precludes exhaustive searches, uncertainty in the seismic hazard and associated bridge damage, the link between bridges' states and the performance of the road network, and the computational cost of simulating road network performance. This dissertation proposes probabilistic and computationally tractable methods for performance-based seismic risk mitigation of complex regional road networks. First, this dissertation proposes a method for prioritizing bridge retrofits within a regional road network subject to uncertain seismic hazard, using a technique that accounts for network performance while avoiding the combinatoric costs of exhaustive searches. Using global variance-based sensitivity analysis (SA), bridges are ranked according to how much their retrofit statuses influence the expected cost of road network disruption, as measured by their total-order sensitivity (Sobol') indices. In a case study of 71 bridges in San Francisco, the proposed method identifies more effective retrofits than other heuristic retrofit prioritization strategies. The proposed method also remains computationally tractable while accounting for uncertainty in the seismic hazard, the stochastic nature of bridge damage, the uniqueness of individual bridges, network effects, and decision-makers' priorities, including budget considerations (but not constraints). As this method leverages existing risk assessment tools and models without imposing further assumptions, it should be extensible to other types of networks, hazards, and decision variables. Second, this dissertation proposes a method with which to increase the computational tractability of the SA-based bridge retrofit prioritization method when the decision variable of interest requires traffic simulation. To more efficiently compute bridges' Sobol' indices, a neural network is trained to serve as a surrogate model for a traffic simulator. For the same set of 71 bridges in San Francisco previously studied, a retrofit strategy based on bridges' total-order Sobol' indices computed using the surrogate model agrees closely with a strategy based on indices computed using only the traffic simulator while reducing the computational time required by as much as 99%. A surrogate model-based approach is also effective at prioritizing bridge retrofits for a set of 141 highway bridges in two Bay Area counties. Leveraging the power of surrogate models to reduce the computational burden of estimating bridges' total-order Sobol' indices will allow application of the SA-based retrofit prioritization method to larger numbers of bridges and larger sets of earthquake scenarios. It will also enable the use of more sophisticated traffic models to characterize network performance. Third, this dissertation integrates two measures of how post-earthquake road network disruption impacts individuals with a probabilistic seismic risk assessment framework in a computationally tractable way. Impacts on individual commuters are characterized using welfare loss, which is a measure of individual well-being and was previously formulated by Mackie et al. (2001), and the number of jobs affected by road network disruption, a novel measure. A case study of the San Francisco Bay Area shows that while all commuters have a similar risk of increased travel time due to post-earthquake road network disruption, commuters with low incomes have substantially higher risk of welfare loss than commuters with high incomes. Traditional metrics of road network disruption like travel time delay, infeasible trips, or combinations thereof obscure these disparate impacts. Quantitative risk metrics that account for variations in individuals' experiences without becoming computationally impracticable should prove useful in reducing risk to regional infrastructure networks in more equitable ways. A novel method for modifying post-earthquake commute demand to account for business interruptions is also presented. This method allows us to better distinguish between the impacts of road network disruption and the impacts of building damage on workers in a region, which is necessary to design effective risk reduction policies. Lastly, this dissertation includes a study of earthquake responders' building damage information needs and use. Although many responders need to understand the scale and distribution of building damage to react effectively, their building damage information needs and information use remain poorly understood, limiting the efficacy of information production, sharing, and research. Based on interview data and questionnaire responses gathered from experienced responders, six post-disaster tasks that rely on building damage information are characterized by their timing and by the necessary qualities of the information they require. Through inductive analysis of the interview data, responders' use of building damage information is also found to depend on factors beyond the building damage information itself -- namely, trust, impediments to information sharing, their varying understandings of disaster, and their attitudes toward emerging technologies. These factors must be considered in the design of any effort to create and/or disseminate post-disaster building damage information.
Book Synopsis SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk by : K. Pitilakis
Download or read book SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk written by K. Pitilakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragility functions constitute an emerging tool for the probabilistic seismic risk assessment of buildings, infrastructures and lifeline systems. The work presented in this book is a partial product of a European Union funded research project SYNER-G (FP7 Theme 6: Environment) where existing knowledge has been reviewed in order to extract the most appropriate fragility functions for the vulnerability analysis and loss estimation of the majority of structures and civil works exposed to earthquake hazard. Results of other relevant European projects and international initiatives are also incorporated in the book. In several cases new fragility and vulnerability functions have been developed in order to better represent the specific characteristics of European elements at risk. Several European and non-European institutes and Universities collaborated efficiently to capitalize upon existing knowledge. State-of-the-art methods are described, existing fragility curves are reviewed and, where necessary, new ones are proposed for buildings, lifelines, transportation infrastructures as well as for utilities and critical facilities. Taxonomy and typology definitions are synthesized and the treatment of related uncertainties is discussed. A fragility function manager tool and fragility functions in electronic form are provided on extras.springer.com. Audience The book aims to be a standard reference on the fragility functions to be used for the seismic vulnerability and probabilistic risk assessment of the most important elements at risk. It is of particular interest to earthquake engineers, scientists and researchers working in the field of earthquake risk assessment, as well as the insurance industry, civil protection and emergency management agencies.
Book Synopsis Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures by : Per Hokstad
Download or read book Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures written by Per Hokstad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s society is completely dependent on critical networks such as water supply, sewage, electricity, ICT and transportation. Risk and vulnerability analyses are needed to grasp the impact of threats and hazards. However, these become quite complex as there are strong interdependencies both within and between infrastructure systems. Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures: A guideline for analysis provides methods for analyzing risks and interdependencies of critical infrastructures. A number of analysis approaches are described and are adapted to each of these infrastructures. Various approaches are also revised, and all are supported by several examples and illustrations. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of various interdependencies that often exist between the infrastructures. Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures: A guideline for analysis provides a good tool to identify the hazards that are threatening your infrastructures, and will enhance the understanding on how these threats can propagate throughout the system and also affect other infrastructures, thereby identifying useful risk reducing measures. It is essential reading for municipalities and infrastructure owners that are obliged to know about and prepare for the risks and vulnerabilities of the critical infrastructures for which they are responsible.
Book Synopsis Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures by : George Deodatis
Download or read book Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures written by George Deodatis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures contains the plenary lectures and papers presented at the 11th International Conference on STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY (ICOSSAR2013, New York, NY, USA, 16-20 June 2013), and covers major aspects of safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of str
Book Synopsis A Risk Assessment Methodology for Critical Transportation Infrastructure by :
Download or read book A Risk Assessment Methodology for Critical Transportation Infrastructure written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrastructure protection typifies a problem of risk assessment and management in a large-scale system. This study offers a methodological framework to identify, prioritize, assess, and manage risks. It includes the following major considerations: (1) a holistic approach to risk identification; (2) prioritization of a large number of risks or risk scenarios; (3) structured solicitation and effective integration of expert judgment into qualitative and quantitative analyses to supplement limited data availability; (4) extreme and catastrophic event analysis; and (5) use of multiobjective framework to evaluate management options (i.e., analyzing trade-offs among noncommensurate, conflicting objectives such as risk and cost). The methodology was illustrated using five case studies of selected transportation infrastructures in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Book Synopsis Hydro-Environmental Analysis by : James L. Martin
Download or read book Hydro-Environmental Analysis written by James L. Martin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 5742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments. The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods. The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters. Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering. It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.
Book Synopsis Reliability and Risk by : Paul Schulman
Download or read book Reliability and Risk written by Paul Schulman and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safe and continued functioning of critical infrastructures—such as electricity, natural gas, transportation, and water—is a social imperative. Yet the complex connections between these systems render them increasingly precarious. Furthermore, though we depend so heavily on interconnected infrastructures, we do not fully understand the risks involved in their failure. Emery Roe and Paul R. Schulman argue that designs, policies, and laws often overlook the knowledge and experiences of those who manage these systems on the ground—reliability professionals who have vital insights that would be invaluable to planning. To combat this major blind spot, the athors construct a new theoretical perspective that reveals how to make sense of complex interconnected networks and improve reliability through management, regulation, and political leadership. To illustrate their approach in action, they present a multi-year case study of one of the world's most important "infrastructure crossroads," the San Francisco Bay-Delta. Reliability and Risk advances our understanding of what it takes to ensure the dependability of the intricate—and sometimes hazardous—systems on which we rely every day.
Book Synopsis The Geography of Transport Systems by : Jean-Paul Rodrigue
Download or read book The Geography of Transport Systems written by Jean-Paul Rodrigue and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often invisible to the consumer. This is paradoxical as the perceived invisibility of transportation is derived from its efficiency. Understanding how mobility is linked with geography is main the purpose of this book. The third edition of The Geography of Transport Systems has been revised and updated to provide an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation. This text provides greater discussion of security, energy, green logistics, as well as new and updated case studies, a revised content structure, and new figures. Each chapter covers a specific conceptual dimension including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation and environmental impacts. A final chapter contains core methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, graph theory and Geographic Information Systems for transportation (GIS-T). This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. The accompanying website for this text contains a useful additional material, including digital maps, PowerPoint slides, databases, and links to further reading and websites. The website can be accessed at: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans This text is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geography, as well as those interest in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering.
Book Synopsis An Asset-management Framework for the Interstate Highway System by :
Download or read book An Asset-management Framework for the Interstate Highway System written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2009 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores a framework for applying asset-management principles and practices to managing Interstate Highway System investments.
Book Synopsis Disaster Resilience by : National Academies
Download or read book Disaster Resilience written by National Academies and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience-the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause.
Book Synopsis Transport and Safety by : Geetam Tiwari
Download or read book Transport and Safety written by Geetam Tiwari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses a variety of issues on traffic safety policy, ranging from issues of climate change, urban equity, and transport safety, in a broad global and societal context, while retaining situation-specific details. Written by international experts on issues of transportation and traffic safety, it will be of special interest to advanced researchers in the engineering and planning disciplines working on these issues as well as policy makers concerned with setting up institutions and legislations for traffic safety.
Book Synopsis SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities by : K. Pitilakis
Download or read book SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities written by K. Pitilakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SYNER-G, a multidisciplinary effort funded by the European Union, allowed the development of an innovative methodological framework for the assessment of physical as well as socio-economic seismic vulnerability and risk at urban and regional level. The results of SYNER-G are presented in two books both published by Springer, the present and a second one, entitled “SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk: Buildings, Lifelines, Transportation Networks and Critical Facilities”(*), which provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art of the fragility curves, an alternative way to express physical vulnerability of elements at risk. In this second volume of SYNER-G, the focus has been on presenting a unified holistic methodology for assessing vulnerability at systems level considering interactions between elements at risk (physical and non-physical) and between different systems. The proposed methodology and tool encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the chain, from hazard to the vulnerability assessment of components and systems and to the socio-economic impacts of an earthquake, accounting for most relevant uncertainties within an efficient quantitative simulation scheme. It systematically integrates the most advanced fragility functions to assess the vulnerability of physical assets for buildings, utility systems, transportation networks and complex infrastructures such as harbours and hospitals. The increasing impact due to interactions between different components and systems is treated in a comprehensive way, providing specifications for each network and infrastructure. The proposed socio-economic model integrates social vulnerability into the physical systems modelling approaches providing to decision makers with a dynamic platform to capture post disaster emergency issues like shelter demand and health impact decisions. Application examples at city and regional scale have provided the necessary validation of the methodology and are also included in the book. The present volume, with its companion volume on fragility functions, represent a significant step forward in the seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex interacting urban and regional systems and infrastructures. These volumes are not only of interest to scientists and engineers but also to the insurance industry, decision makers and practitioners in the sector of civil protection and seismic risk management. (*) Pitilakis K, Crowley E, Kaynia A (eds) (2014) SYNER-G: Typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk, Series: Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering 27, ISBN 978-94-007-7872-6, Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht.
Book Synopsis Transportation System Risk Simulation and Management Under Multi-hazard Situations--a Case Study in Amherst, NY by : Benjamin Zhiyong Wang
Download or read book Transportation System Risk Simulation and Management Under Multi-hazard Situations--a Case Study in Amherst, NY written by Benjamin Zhiyong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the result of case study in Amherst, NY that extensively examines the effects of multiple hazards (e.g. traffic incidents and inclement weather) on the performance of the transportation network. Using the mesoscopic Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) model, DynusT, several multiple-hazard incident scenarios were simulated under normal condition as well as inclement weather and incident conditions. Several attributes were measured and analyzed in order to assess the impacts of the incidents and inclement weather on performance, including average travel time, travel time distribution and O-D travel times. In addition, two ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) strategies were tested for selected scenario for their effectiveness in mitigating the effects linked with the incidents. Two approaches were adopted to measure the effectiveness of these approaches. The results obtained from the scenarios studied suggest that advanced information provision has the potential to mitigate some of the negative impacts resulted from emergency and hazard scenarios. For certain scenarios, the user class that is provided with advance information clearly benefited over non-responsive users. This is mainly reflected by the substantial reduction of average travel time for the responsive user class and also by the reduction of average travel time for all the impacted vehicles.
Book Synopsis A Systems Approach to Analyze the Robustness of Infrastructure Networks to Complex Spatial Hazards by : Francesco Castellani
Download or read book A Systems Approach to Analyze the Robustness of Infrastructure Networks to Complex Spatial Hazards written by Francesco Castellani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structures and Infrastructure Systems by : Dan M. Frangopol
Download or read book Structures and Infrastructure Systems written by Dan M. Frangopol and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our knowledge to model, design, analyse, maintain, manage and predict the life-cycle performance of infrastructure systems is continually growing. However, the complexity of these systems continues to increase and an integrated approach is necessary to understand the effect of technological, environmental, economic, social, and political interactions on the life-cycle performance of engineering infrastructure. In order to accomplish this, methods have to be developed to systematically analyse structure and infrastructure systems, and models have to be formulated for evaluating and comparing the risks and benefits associated with various alternatives. Civil engineers must maximize the life-cycle benefits of these systems to serve the needs of our society by selecting the best balance of the safety, economy, resilience and sustainability requirements despite imperfect information and knowledge. Within the context of this book, the necessary concepts are introduced and illustrated with applications to civil and marine structures. This book is intended for an audience of researchers and practitioners world‐wide with a background in civil and marine engineering, as well as people working in infrastructure maintenance, management, cost and optimization analysis. The chapters originally published as articles in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering.
