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A Study On The Heavy Crude Oil Viscosity Reduction With The Dissolution Of Nitrogen And Carbon Dioxide
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Book Synopsis A Study on the Heavy Crude Oil Viscosity Reduction with the Dissolution of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide by :
Download or read book A Study on the Heavy Crude Oil Viscosity Reduction with the Dissolution of Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World's energy challenges would be greatly improved upon if half of the world's heavy oil and extra heavy oil could be made to ow in pipelines. Viscosity reduction of heavy oils is the key to solving this problem. In this study, aside from injecting pure nitrogen and pure carbon dioxide separately into the oil, two different compositions of the mixture of the two gases were also injected. In the first mixture, varied quantities of the two gases were used; 62:5%, 82:2% and 86:4% of the mixture was nitrogen while 37:5%, 17:8% and 13:6% was carbon dioxide at total test pressures of 100, 300 and 500 psi. The second mixture was composed of equal composition of the two gases at the three different pressures listed above. Against the expectation that the mixed gas effect on the heavy oil should be additive of the constituent gases and further reduce the oil viscosity, it was discovered that the viscosity of the oil increased compared to having pure carbon dioxide as the only injected gas. Using carbon dioxide at 40oC reduced the oil viscosity from 10.248 Pa.s to an average value of 2.2718 Pa.s, while the mixture of CO2 and N2 at the same temperature only reduced the viscosity to an average value of 2.4435 Pa.s. Nitrogen, being classified as a non-condensable gas, has a negligible solubility in the heavy oil as shown in the data, and when it is mixed with carbon dioxide, it caused a decrease in the carbon dioxide solubility in the oil. The main reason that is believed to contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide solubility in the oil is the decrease in the carbon dioxide partial pressure due to the presence of nitrogen [4]. Thus, the higher the nitrogen content in the mixture, the lower is the carbon dioxide partial pressure and its solubility and, hence, an increase would be observed in the viscosity of the heavy oil.
Book Synopsis Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery by : Iyad Karamé
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery written by Iyad Karamé and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels still need to meet the growing demand of global economic development, yet they are often considered as one of the main sources of the CO2 release in the atmosphere. CO2, which is the primary greenhouse gas (GHG), is periodically exchanged among the land surface, ocean, and atmosphere where various creatures absorb and produce it daily. However, the balanced processes of producing and consuming the CO2 by nature are unfortunately faced by the anthropogenic release of CO2. Decreasing the emissions of these greenhouse gases is becoming more urgent. Therefore, carbon sequestration and storage (CSS) of CO2, its utilization in oil recovery, as well as its conversion into fuels and chemicals emerge as active options and potential strategies to mitigate CO2 emissions and climate change, energy crises, and challenges in the storage of energy.
Book Synopsis Heavy Crude Oils by : Alain-Yves Huc
Download or read book Heavy Crude Oils written by Alain-Yves Huc and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2011 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy oils, extra-heavy oils and tar sands are major players for the future of energy.They represent a massive world resource, at least the size of conventional oils. They are found all over the world but Canada and Venezuela together account, by themselves, for more than half of world deposits. They share the same origin as the lighter conventional oils, but their geological fate drove them into thick, viscous tar-like crude oils. Most of them result from alteration processes mediated by microbial degradation. They are characterized by a low content of lighter cuts and a high content of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds and metals ; so, their production is difficult and deployment of specific processes is required in order to enhance their transportability and to upgrade them into valuable products meeting market needs, and honouring environmental requirements.Although these resources are increasingly becoming commercially producible, less than 1% of total heavy crude oil deposits worldwide are under active development. The voluntarily wide scope of this volume encompasses geology, production, transportation, upgrading, economics and environmental issues of heavy oils. It does not pretend to be exhaustive, but to provide an authoritative view of this very important energy resource.
Book Synopsis Oil in the Sea III by : National Research Council
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Oil Recovery from Porous Material by Means of Carbon Dioxide Flooding by : Roohollah Partovi-Najafabadi
Download or read book Experimental Study of Oil Recovery from Porous Material by Means of Carbon Dioxide Flooding written by Roohollah Partovi-Najafabadi and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phase Behaviour and Mass Transfer of Solvent(s)-CO2-heavy Oil Systems Under Reservoir Conditions by : Huazhou Li
Download or read book Phase Behaviour and Mass Transfer of Solvent(s)-CO2-heavy Oil Systems Under Reservoir Conditions written by Huazhou Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Displacement of Heavy Oil by Carbon Dioxide in a Tube by : Mohammed Almabrouk Ali Ahmad
Download or read book Displacement of Heavy Oil by Carbon Dioxide in a Tube written by Mohammed Almabrouk Ali Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "After using primary and secondary oil recovery methods, about two third of the original oil in place is left behind in the reservoir. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are being used to recover that oil. CO2 flooding is one of the EOR methods that is used to recover the oil. The interest here lies in recovery of heavy oils. The dissolution of CO2 in oil reduces oil viscosity and swells it, making it easier to displace the oil. FLUENT is used to solve the problem of CO2 displacing heavy oil in a tube. Different velocities/capillary numbers (Ca) and different tube radii are used as input into FLUENT to solve different cases. The oil film thickness that left behind (h[subscript infinity]) is reported both without mass transfer and with mass transfer. The oil film thickness that is left behind, h[subscript infinity] is decreased when capillary number is decreased. When there is no mass transfer, the non-dimensional film thickness left behind h[subscript infinity]/R plotted against capillary number Ca fit Bretherton line. Even under mass transfer of CO2 into oil, bubbles show Bretherton-type behavior. Convection in this case opposes the mass transfer and limits how much CO2 can dissolve in oil"--Abstract, Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils by : Mikhail A. Varfolomeev
Download or read book Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils written by Mikhail A. Varfolomeev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-25 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to a cutting-edge and cost-effective refinement process for heavy oil Oil sufficiently viscous that it cannot flow normally from production wells is called heavy oil and constitutes as much as 70% of global oil reserves. Extracting and refining this oil can pose significant challenges, including very high transportation costs. As a result, processes which produce and partially refine heavy oil in situ, known as catalytic upgrading, are an increasingly important part of the heavy oil extraction process, and the reduced carbon footprint associated with these methods promises to make them even more significant in the coming years. Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils provides a comprehensive introduction to these processes. It introduces the properties and characteristics of heavy and extra-heavy oil before discussing different catalysts and catalyzing processes, their mechanisms and underlying physics, and more. It offers the full sweep of description and analysis required for petroleum and chemical engineers to understand this vital aspect of the modern oil industry. Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of subjects including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and more Analysis of both liquid catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts A numerical simulation of the catalytic in-situ oil upgrading process Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils is a valuable reference for petroleum and chemical engineers as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related fields.
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology by :
Download or read book The Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing by : Chang Samuel Hsu
Download or read book Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing written by Chang Samuel Hsu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-10 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes topics not found together in books on petroleum processing: economics, automation, process modeling, online optimization, safety, environmental protection Combines overviews of petroleum composition, refinery processes, process automation, and environmental protection with comprehensive chapters on recent advances in hydroprocessing, FCC, lubricants, hydrogen management Gives diverse perspectives, both geographic and topical, because contributors include experts from eight different countries in North America, Europe and Asia, representing oil companies, universities, catalyst vendors, process licensors, consultants and engineering contractors
Book Synopsis Asphaltene Stability in Crude Oil During Carbon Dioxide Injection and Its Impact on Oil Recovery by : Sherif Mohamed Hisham Fakher
Download or read book Asphaltene Stability in Crude Oil During Carbon Dioxide Injection and Its Impact on Oil Recovery written by Sherif Mohamed Hisham Fakher and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Crude oils are usually associated with many compounds, some of which are favorable and others, which are not. One of the most unfavorable components of crude oil that pose severe operational problems and decreases oil production significantly are asphaltenes. These compounds are solids that are homogenized in the crude oil at room temperature but tend to separate from solution when agitated. They can deposit in the reservoir pores, wellbore, and transportation pipelines thus causing severe operational problems and oil recovery reduction. Even though researchers have been studying asphaltenes for more than 100 years, there is still an ambiguity concerning asphaltene structure and characteristics since asphaltenes have no unique structure. This research performed a comprehensive data analysis on both laboratory studies and field cases involving asphaltene in order to provide a generalized guideline on asphaltene properties asphaltene stability. The analysis was based on more than 200 references involving more than 4000 experiments and 19 field studies. Two statistical analysis tools were used, including histograms and boxplots. After determining the factor impacting asphaltene, this research conducted experiments to understand the impact of these factors on asphaltene stability in crude oil during carbon dioxide (CO2) injection in unconventional shale nanopores, since very limited research has been conducted in this area. The research investigated the impact of several factors including pressure, temperature, oil viscosity, pore size, porous media thickness, and heterogeneity on asphaltene precipitation, pore plugging, and oil recovery reduction. A Pareto Plot was also generated to determine the factor that had the strongest impact on asphaltene instability in the crude oil"--Abstract, page iv.
Book Synopsis Processing of Heavy Crude Oils by : Ramasamy Marappa Gounder
Download or read book Processing of Heavy Crude Oils written by Ramasamy Marappa Gounder and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Petroleum System by : Geological Survey (U.S.)
Download or read book The Petroleum System written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.
