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A Study Of The Dna Excision Repair Capabilities Of Rainbow Trout Salmo Gairdneri Exposed To Dietary Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids
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Book Synopsis A Study of the DNA Excision Repair Capabilities of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Exposed to Dietary Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids by : John Mark Collier
Download or read book A Study of the DNA Excision Repair Capabilities of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) Exposed to Dietary Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids written by John Mark Collier and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DNA repair capabilities of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied vising the method of autoradiography. Trout were fed a semi-purified control diet containing 0 ppm, 50 ppm, or 300 ppm cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) for 6-9 weeks. Liver slices were prepared and exposed in vitro to a control treatment, ultraviolet irradiation (UV), ethidium bromide (EB), UV/EB in succession, or aflatoxin B1. The degree of DNA repair was analyzed in terms of net grains per cell. Except following the EB treatment, fish on the control diet revealed an absence of ongoing DNA repair. Trout fed 50 ppm CPFA exhibited a consistently low level of repair over time following the in vitro control treatment. Fish fed 300 ppm CPFA revealed a relatively higher degree of 3H-Me-thymidine incorporation indicative of induced DNA repair following the in vitro control treatment, and the degree of repair increased with time on the diet. UV-irradiation caused a marked increase in the degree of induced DNA repair in 300 ppm CPFA fish at 6 and 7.5 weeks, and in 50 ppm CPFA fish at 7.5 weeks. Follcwing UV-irradiation, liver slices were exposed to EB, a DNA intercalating agent used to inhibit normal DNA replication. However, in contrast to the desired effect, EB caused a marked decrease in the degree of repair synthesis observed in 300 ppm CPFA fish at 6 and 7.5 weeks. Indicative of intercalation, the in vitro EB treatment caused a moderate degree of 3H-Me-thymidine incorporation in fish fed the control diet. Repair was also induced in 300 ppm CPFA fish following exposure to EB at 6 and 7.5 weeks. Aflatoxin B1 induced DNA repair to various degrees in fish on all diets at 7.5 and 9 weeks. In comparison to the in vitro control treatment, it was observed that the degree of induced DNA repair was decreased significantly - "completely" following the UV, UV/EB, and EB treatments - in fish fed the 300 ppm CPFA diet for 9 weeks. In view of the low level of DNA repair observed in rainbow trout using autoradiography, the repair capabilities were studied using a more sensitive assay, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) photolysis. Isolated hepatocytes were prepared from fish fed the various diets and exposed in vitro to a control treatment, UV-irradiation, or 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide. The obtained results were nonconclusive indicating technical improvements on the assay need to be made.
Book Synopsis Federation Proceedings by : Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Download or read book Federation Proceedings written by Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1942- include proceedings of the American Physiological Society.
Book Synopsis Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Mark A. Einerson
Download or read book Effect of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Membrane Components of Liver of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Mark A. Einerson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) on the membrane components of livers of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In the first study, 14C-sterculic acid was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rainbow trout and the trout maintained for 72 hours. The labelled sterculic acid was found in choline phospholipids (CP) and ethanolamine phospholipids (EP). Smaller amounts of label were found in other microsomal membrane lipid components. No label was found associated with the proteins of the microsomal membrane. Phospholipase A2 treatment of isolated CP and EP showed 14C-sterculic acid to be preferentially esterified to the 1-position of the glycerol backbone. In the second study, the cleavable bifunctional protein crosslinking reagent dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate-2HCl (DTBP) was used in an attempt to study alterations in the spatial arrangement of proteins in liver microsomal and plasma membranes that might be induced by dietary CPFA. The use of this reagent failed to yield a clear picture of protein-protein interactions in the microsomal membrane due to the formation of high molecular weight aggregates that were not resolvable on polyacrylamide gels. On the other hand, the use of DTBP failed to crosslink the proteins of the plasma membrane. In the third study, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the effects of dietary CPFA on protein composition of trout liver microsomal and plasma membranes. Proteins were separated in the first dimension on the basis of their isoelectric points and in the second dimension on the basis of their molecular weights. No major alterations in the composition of liver microsomal or plasma membranes were found to be induced by dietary CPFA.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Tissue Lipid Composition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) by : Diana H. Greene
Download or read book The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Tissue Lipid Composition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri) written by Diana H. Greene and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of different dietary lipids on the growth, nutrition and tissue lipid profiles of rainbow trout raised to market size on a commercially available ration were examined. Rainbow trout of 80 g mean initial weight were fed pellets prepared according to Oregon Moist Pellet specifications for 20 weeks. Salmon oil (0MP-1), soybean oil (OMP-2), linseed oil (OMP-3), chicken fat (OMP-4), pork lard (OMP-5) and beef tallow (OMP-6) were used for the 6% lipid component of the diets. No differences in feed conversion or growth rate were observed across diet groups. Trout nutrition was monitored by three blood parameters -- red blood cell (RBC) fragility (hemolysis), packed cell volume (PCV) (hematocrit), and percent hemoglobin. The OMP-1 diet appeared to have caused oxidative stress in trout as measured by hemolysis, while hematocrit and percent hemoglobin values were uniform across diet groups. Tissue levels of total n-3 fatty acids were highest in the OMP-3 group and decreased in the order OMP-1> OMP-2 = OMP-4 = OMP-5 = OMP-6. However, unaltered linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) comprised almost 50% of the n-3 fatty acid content of OMP-3 trout tissue lipid. The level of total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-3 (18%), was 33% higher in tissue from OMP-1 trout than tissue from all other diet groups which held fairly constant at 12% across OMP groups 3-6. The lowest tissue level of total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-3 was found in the OMP-2 trout, 10%. Trout raised on the OMP-1 diet also retained higher tissue stores of 20 and 22 carbon monoenes than trout fed OMP diets 2-6, but less than dietary levels. In contrast, trout fed OMP diets 2-6 retained higher tissue levels of these same fatty acids than dietary levels. The diet ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/22:1 appeared to influence whether 22:1 was conserved or oxidized. The most favorable balance of trout tissue monoenes, n-6 fatty acids and total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-6 for human health was found in trout fed the OMP-6 diet.
Book Synopsis Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) by : Caroll Marie Combs
Download or read book Some Effects of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids on Lipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdnerii) written by Caroll Marie Combs and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) were fed to rainbow trout. At a level of 223 ppm (from Sterculia foetida oil), these CPFA in six weeks reduced weight gain by as much as 50 percent over the control fish on the same diet without CPFA. Compounds containing the intact cyclopropene ring were recovered from the tissue lipids of the trout at approximately two-thirds of the level fed. These acids seemed to concentrate in the egg lipids of the adult female fish. At 223 and 2233 ppm (from S. foetida oil) and 50 ppm (from food grade cottonseed flour) the CPFA were demonstrated to alter lipid metabolism. In general, the CPFA fed fish had higher stearic and palmitic acid levels and lower oleic and palmitoleic acid levels in their tissue lipids than did the controls. On diets containing corn oil or corn oil plus salmon oil, fish fed CPFA tended to deposit more long chain unsaturated fatty acids than did their controls. When provided with tristearin as the sole dietary lipid, the CPFA fed fish reduced the level of unsaturation of their tissue lipids.
Book Synopsis Response of Lake Trout and Rainbow Trout to Dietary Cellulose by : Hugh A. Poston
Download or read book Response of Lake Trout and Rainbow Trout to Dietary Cellulose written by Hugh A. Poston and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Suppression of the Primary Immune Response in Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, Sublethally Exposed to Tritiated Water During Embryogenesis by :
Download or read book Suppression of the Primary Immune Response in Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri, Sublethally Exposed to Tritiated Water During Embryogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutritional and Physiological Effects of Dietary NaC1 on Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) and Its Application in Fish Culture by :
Download or read book Nutritional and Physiological Effects of Dietary NaC1 on Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) and Its Application in Fish Culture written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Fish by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Fish written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the latest research in fish nutrition, this volume revises and combines the 1981 edition on coldwater fish and the 1983 edition on warmwater fish and shellfish. In addition to updating requirements for energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins, this book provides, for the first time, summary tables on nutrient requirements of a variety of fish species, including channel catfish, rainbow trout, Pacific salmon, carp, and tilapia. Tabular data on amino acid requirements of 11 species are also included. Shellfish are not included in this edition because of lack of scientific information.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-05-25 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture now supplies half of the seafood and fisheries products consumed worldwide and is gaining international significance as a source of food and income. Future demands for seafood and fisheries products can only be met by expanded aquaculture production. Such production will likely become more intensive and will depend increasingly on nutritious and efficient aquaculture feeds containing ingredients from sustainable sources. To meet this challenge, Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge about nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp and supporting nutritional science. This edition incorporates new material and significant updates to information in the 1993 edition. It also examines the practical aspects of feeding of fish and shrimp. Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp will be a key resource for everyone involved in aquaculture and for others responsible for the feeding and care of fish and shrimp. It will also aid scientists in developing new and improved approaches to satisfy the demands of the growing aquaculture industry.
Book Synopsis Safety Evaluation of Certain Contaminants in Food by : Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Meeting
Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Certain Contaminants in Food written by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Meeting and published by WHO Food Additives. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detailed monographs in this volume summarize the technical, analytical, dietary exposure and toxicological data on a number of contaminants in food: acrylamide, arsenic, deoxydivalenol, furan, mercury and perchlorate. This volume and others in the WHO Food Additives series contain information that is useful to those who produce and use food additives and veterinary drugs and those involved with controlling contaminants in food, government and food regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories and universities.
Book Synopsis The Toxicology of Aflatoxins by : David L. Eaton
Download or read book The Toxicology of Aflatoxins written by David L. Eaton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxins, natural fungal toxins found in foods and animal feeds, have great public health significance. This book presents the basic and applied toxicology of aflatoxins, including analytical identification, agricultural and veterinary implications, toxicology and carcinogenesis in humans, and economic and regulatory problems associated with aflatoxin contamination and control. Molecular mechanisms of aflatoxin toxicity Analytical issues in sampling and analysis Regulatory and economic issues associated with aflatoxin contamination of food and feed Presentation of human and animal toxicology, veterinary, and agricultural issues related to aflatoxin contamination
Book Synopsis Chemical Carcinogens by : Charles E. Searle
Download or read book Chemical Carcinogens written by Charles E. Searle and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer causing agents are now known to exist throughout the environment-in polluted air and tobacco smoke, in various plants and foods, and in many chemicals that are used in industry and laboratories. With the incidence of cancer apparently on the rise, there has been an even greater push to find the causes of this ancient disease. The increased worldwide research effort has produced a vast amount of data and new information which must be collated and interpreted. This monograph contains comprehensive accounts of the latest theories of cancer chemistry and biology and of the major hazards identified so far.
Author :Jonathan W. DeVries Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9780306467806 Total Pages :318 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (678 download)
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins and Food Safety by : Jonathan W. DeVries
Download or read book Mycotoxins and Food Safety written by Jonathan W. DeVries and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-03-31 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins, from the Greek "mukes" referring to fungi or slime molds and toxin from the Latin "toxicum" referencing a poison for arrows, have earned their reputation for being potentially deleterious to the health and well being of a consuming organism, whether it be animal or human. Unfortunately, mycotoxins are a ubiquitous factor in the natural life cycle of food producing plants. As such, control of the potential impact of mycotoxins on food safety relies heavily upon accurate analysis and surveys followed by commodity segregation and restricted use or decontamination through processing. The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive and current information on the topic of mycotoxins and assuring food safety. Chapters represented in the book reflect such diverse topics ranging from occurrence and impact, analysis, reduction through processing and plant breeding, toxicology and safety assessments to regulatory perspectives. Authors represent a range of international perspectives.
Book Synopsis Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms by : OECD.
Download or read book Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms written by OECD. and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aflatoxin written by Leo Goldblatt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aflatoxin: Scientific Background, Control, and Implications discusses general problems posed by mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds. This book is divided into 15 chapters that summarize the discovery, elaboration, chemistry and assay, effects and metabolic fate, processing to ensure their removal or inactivation, and regulatory aspects of aflatoxins. The introductory chapters cover the discovery, formation by Aspergillus flavus, and the chemistry and structure of aflatoxins. The subsequent chapters describe the physicochemical and biological assays for aflatoxin measurement, detection, and analysis. A chapter also describes the metabolic fate and the biochemical alterations associated with aflatoxin administration to animals and other biological test systems. Discussions on the acute toxicity and carcinogenic activity of aflatoxins in laboratory and farm animals are also provided, with emphasis on the recognition of aflatoxicosis, a disease condition caused by the action of the aflatoxin poison. The book goes on examining the role of spoilage molds in destroying stored crops and the tremendous capacity for toxin production of aflatoxins. It also describes successful efforts of food and feed industries to ensure a wholesome food supply, including the utilization of various detoxification processes. The last chapters deal with the regulatory provisions for aflatoxin contamination control and tolerances and the implications of fungal toxins to human health. The book is intended for scientists and manufacturers concerned with the production and processing of foods and feeds, the nutrition, and the animal and public health.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins by : Martin Weidenbörner
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Food Mycotoxins written by Martin Weidenbörner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All relevant toxin producing fungi, their natural occurence, the possible mycotoxicosis, further the biochemical and physiological effects of mycotoxins, their chemical data and toxicity are treated here comprehensively. For each fungi, reference is given to the food at risk. All foods which have been reported to be contaminated with mycotoxins are listed, including data on the degree of contamination, the concentration of the toxins and the country of origin and/or detection of the contaminated food.
