A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife"

Download A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's

Author :
Publisher : Gale, Cengage Learning
ISBN 13 : 1410319741
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife" by : Gale, Cengage Learning

Download or read book A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife" written by Gale, Cengage Learning and published by Gale, Cengage Learning . This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife," excerpted from Gale's acclaimed Literary News For Students.This concise study guide includes plot summary; character analysis; author biography; study questions; historical context; suggestions for further reading; and much more. For any literature project, trust Literary News For Students for all of your research needs.

A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife"

Download A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781375397032
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife" by : Cengage Learning Gale

Download or read book A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife" written by Cengage Learning Gale and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Study Guide for Audrey Niffenegger's "The Time Traveler's Wife," excerpted from Gale's acclaimed Literary News For Students.This concise study guide includes plot summary; character analysis; author biography; study questions; historical context; suggestions for further reading; and much more. For any literature project, trust Literary News For Students for all of your research needs.

A Shortcut in Time

Download A Shortcut in Time PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forge Books
ISBN 13 : 142994305X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Shortcut in Time by : Charles Dickinson

Download or read book A Shortcut in Time written by Charles Dickinson and published by Forge Books. This book was released on 2004-01-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Dickinson's novels and short stories have won widespread acclaim for their deft characterization, humanity, and humor. Newsday described him as "a writer thoroughly in command of his art," while the Chicago Tribune wrote "he can surprise us at almost every turn." Now Dickinson slips beyond the bounds of mundane realism to create a poignant fantasy that bears comparison to the work of Jack Finney and Jonathan Carroll. Euclid, Illinois, is a town of many shortcuts, between houses, through orchards, and across fields. Josh Winkler, a local artist and longtime resident, knows these irregular pathways well, but is thoroughly taken aback when a hasty dash down a familiar walk deposits him fifteen minutes in the past--literally. At first, Josh is more intrigued than alarmed by this accidental time travel. Then a lost young woman appears, claiming to be from 1908 . . . . As his life, his family, his town, and even history itself begin to unravel, Josh gradually realizes that his only salvation may lie in A Shortcut in Time. Charles Dickinson has written a moving and unforgettable book about the way the past can affect the present as well as, sometimes, the other way around. At the Publisher's request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Crooked River Burning

Download Crooked River Burning PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0358541328
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (585 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crooked River Burning by : Mark Winegardner

Download or read book Crooked River Burning written by Mark Winegardner and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1948 Cleveland was America's sixth largest city; by 1969 it was the twelfth. For Easterners, Cleveland is where the Midwest begins; for Westerners, it is where the East begins. In the summer of 1948, fourteen-year-old David Zielinsky can look forward to a job at the docks. Anne O'Connor, at twelve, is the apple of her political boss father's eye. David and Anne will meet-and fall in love-four years later, and for the next twenty years this pair will be reluctant star-crossed lovers in a troubled and turbulent country. A natural-born storyteller, Mark Winegardner spins an epic tale of those twenty years, artfully weaving such real-life Clevelanders as Eliot Ness, Alan Freed, and Carl Stokes into the tapestry. His narrative gifts may bring the fiction of E. L. Doctorow to some readers' minds, but Winegardner is very much his own man, and his observations of Cleveland are laced with a loving skepticism. His masterful saga of this conflicted city is a novel that speaks a memorable truth.

The Time Traveler's Wife

Download The Time Traveler's Wife PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Night Bookmobile Editions
ISBN 13 : 0578889412
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (788 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Time Traveler's Wife by : Audrey Niffenegger

Download or read book The Time Traveler's Wife written by Audrey Niffenegger and published by Night Bookmobile Editions. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A most untraditional love story, this is the celebrated tale of Henry DeTamble, a dashing, adventuresome librarian who inadvertently travels through time, and Clare Abshire, an artist whose life takes a natural sequential course. Henry and Clare’s passionate affair endures across a sea of time and captures them in an impossibly romantic trap that tests the strength of fate and basks in the bonds of love. “Niffenegger’s inventive and poignant writing is well worth a trip” (Entertainment Weekly).

Here and Now and Then

Download Here and Now and Then PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIRA
ISBN 13 : 1488099588
Total Pages : 347 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Here and Now and Then by : Mike Chen

Download or read book Here and Now and Then written by Mike Chen and published by MIRA. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the New York Times bestselling author of Star Wars: Brotherhood A Goodreads Choice Awards 2019 Semifinalist One of BookBub’s Best Science Fiction Books of 2019 One of Book Riot’s Best Books of 2019 So Far One of The Nerd Daily’s Best Debut Novels of 2019 Featured in The Millions “A Year in Reading” One of Entropy’s Best Fiction Books of 2019 He’ll go anywhere and any when to save his daughter Kin Stewart is an everyday family man: working in IT, trying to keep the spark in his marriage, struggling to connect with his teenage daughter. But his current life is a far cry from his previous career…as a time-traveling secret agent from over a century in the future. Stranded in suburban San Francisco since the 1990s after a botched mission, Kin has kept his past hidden from everyone around him, until one afternoon, his “rescue” team arrives—eighteen years too late. Their mission: return Kin to 2142, where he’s been gone only weeks, not years, and where another family is waiting for him. A family he can’t remember. Torn between two lives, Kin’s desperate efforts to stay connected to both will threaten to destroy the agency and even history itself. With his daughter’s very existence at risk, he will have to take one final trip to save her—even if it means breaking all the rules of time travel in the process. “Heartfelt and thrilling… Chen’s concept is unique, and [his characters’] agony is deeply moving. Quick pacing, complex characters, and a fascinating premise.”—Publishers Weekly, starred review

Ghostly

Download Ghostly PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501111213
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ghostly by : Audrey Niffenegger

Download or read book Ghostly written by Audrey Niffenegger and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected and introduced by the bestselling author of The Time Traveler’s Wife and Her Fearful Symmetry—including Audrey Niffenegger’s own stunning illustrations for each piece—this is a “spine-tingling” (Chicago Tribune) collection of some of the best ghost stories of all time. From Edgar Allen Poe to Kelly Link, MR James to Neil Gaiman, HH Munro to Audrey Niffenegger herself, Ghostly spans the whole history of the ghost story genre from gothic horror to the modern era. Each story is introduced by Audrey Niffenegger, with short original commentary and background on why she chose to include it. Also included is Niffenegger’s own story, “A Secret Life with Cats.” Perfect for the classic and contemporary ghost story aficionado, this haunting volume showcases the best of the best in the field—including Edgar Allan Poe, Kelly Link, Neil Gaiman, Edith Wharton, P.G. Wodehouse, Ray Bradbury, and so many more. “Audrey Niffenegger is a master of the supernatural…She knows a good horror story when she sees one. Ghostly is her collection of the best of the genre” (Bustle).

Time Traveler's Wife

Download Time Traveler's Wife PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781500238773
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (387 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Time Traveler's Wife by : 5 Minute Publications

Download or read book Time Traveler's Wife written by 5 Minute Publications and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pick up a 5 Minute Digest on Time Traveler's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger for a rich digest today. Formulated for high efficiency learning, this guide will be a power tool to help you maximize learning. The 5 Minute Publication is available FREE for all Prime Members on KOLL and offered at only $2.99 for others. Our promise: 5 Minute Publications bring you immaculate study materials on novels at exceptionally low prices that do not compromise on quality. These are additional materials to the book and not the actual book. If for any reason you are not completely satisfied with the purchase, please request for a full refund of your money back.

This Is How You Lose the Time War

Download This Is How You Lose the Time War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1534431012
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis This Is How You Lose the Time War by : Amal El-Mohtar

Download or read book This Is How You Lose the Time War written by Amal El-Mohtar and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * HUGO AWARD WINNER: BEST NOVELLA * NEBULA AND LOCUS AWARDS WINNER: BEST NOVELLA * “[An] exquisitely crafted tale...Part epistolary romance, part mind-blowing science fiction adventure, this dazzling story unfolds bit by bit, revealing layers of meaning as it plays with cause and effect, wildly imaginative technologies, and increasingly intricate wordplay...This short novel warrants multiple readings to fully unlock its complexities.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) From award-winning authors Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone comes an enthralling, romantic novel spanning time and space about two time-traveling rivals who fall in love and must change the past to ensure their future. Among the ashes of a dying world, an agent of the Commandment finds a letter. It reads: Burn before reading. Thus begins an unlikely correspondence between two rival agents hellbent on securing the best possible future for their warring factions. Now, what began as a taunt, a battlefield boast, becomes something more. Something epic. Something romantic. Something that could change the past and the future. Except the discovery of their bond would mean the death of each of them. There’s still a war going on, after all. And someone has to win. That’s how war works, right? Cowritten by two beloved and award-winning sci-fi writers, This Is How You Lose the Time War is an epic love story spanning time and space.

The Three Incestuous Sisters

Download The Three Incestuous Sisters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 9780224076869
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (768 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Three Incestuous Sisters by : Audrey Niffenegger

Download or read book The Three Incestuous Sisters written by Audrey Niffenegger and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2005 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphic novel - sisters.

Raven Girl

Download Raven Girl PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Raven Girl by : Audrey Niffenegger

Download or read book Raven Girl written by Audrey Niffenegger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A postman encounters a fledgling raven while on the edge of his route and decides to take her home. The unlikely couple falls in love and conceives a child - an extraordinary raven girl trapped in a human body. The raven girl feels imprisoned by her arms and legs and covets wings and the ability to fly. Betwixt and between, she reluctantly grows into a young woman, until one day she meets an unorthodox doctor who is willing to change her.

The Heavens

Download The Heavens PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Grove Press
ISBN 13 : 080214683X
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (21 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Heavens by : Sandra Newman

Download or read book The Heavens written by Sandra Newman and published by Grove Press. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This electrifying novel of love, creativity and madness moves between Elizabethan England and 21st-century New York.” —The Guardian A New York Times Notable Book of the Year New York, late summer, 2000. A party in a spacious Manhattan apartment, hosted by a wealthy young activist. Dozens of idealistic twenty-somethings have impassioned conversations over takeout dumplings and champagne. The evening shines with the heady optimism of a progressive new millennium. A young man, Ben, meets a young woman, Kate—and they begin to fall in love. Kate lives with her head in the clouds, so at first Ben isn’t that concerned when she tells him about the recurring dream she’s had since childhood. In the dream, she’s transported to the past, where she lives a second life as Emilia, the mistress of a nobleman in Elizabethan England. But for Kate, the dream becomes increasingly real, to the point where it threatens to overwhelm her life. And soon she’s waking from it to find the world changed—pictures on her wall she doesn’t recognize, new buildings in the neighborhood that have sprung up overnight. As Kate tries to make sense of what’s happening, Ben worries the woman he’s fallen in love with is losing her grip on reality. Both intoxicating and thought-provoking, The Heavens is a powerful reminder of the consequences of our actions, a poignant testament to how the people we love are destined to change, and a masterful exploration of the power of dreams. “Heady and elegant.” —The New York Times Book Review “A complex, unmissable work from a writer who deserves wide acclaim.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review)

Time After Time

Download Time After Time PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 0812983645
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Time After Time by : Lisa Grunwald

Download or read book Time After Time written by Lisa Grunwald and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A magical love story, inspired by the legend of a woman who vanished from Grand Central Terminal, sweeps readers from the 1920s to World War II and beyond. “Readers who enjoyed Audrey Niffenegger’s The Time Traveler’s Wife will be enchanted.”—Publishers Weekly “I utterly loved this clever, charming, hopeful tale of true love against all odds.”—Ariel Lawhon, New York Times bestselling author of I Was Anastasia On a clear December morning in 1937, at the famous gold clock in Grand Central Terminal, Joe Reynolds, a hardworking railroad man from Queens, meets a vibrant young woman who seems mysteriously out of place. Nora Lansing is a Manhattan socialite and an aspiring artist whose flapper clothing, pearl earrings, and talk of the Roaring Twenties don’t seem to match the bleak mood of Depression-era New York. Captivated by Nora from her first electric touch, Joe despairs when he tries to walk her home and she disappears. Finding her again—and again—will become the focus of his love and his life. As thousands of visitors pass under the famous celestial blue ceiling each day, Joe and Nora create a life of infinite love in a finite space, taking full advantage of the “Terminal City” within a city. But when the construction of another landmark threatens their future, Nora and Joe are forced to test the limits of their freedom—and their love. Praise for Time After Time “I’ll never again set foot in Grand Central Terminal without looking over my shoulder for Nora and Joe, or marveling at the station itself—a backdrop as intriguing as the love story that unfolds beneath its star-studded ceiling.”—Georgia Hunter, New York Times bestselling author of We Were the Lucky Ones “In lively prose set against the fascinating history of Grand Central . . . Grunwald asks a compelling question: How long would we stay in one place [for love]?”—Time “The spectacular Lisa Grunwald has written a classic story of fate, true love, art, and chance with truth and beauty. You will want to share it with every reader you know.”—Adriana Trigiani, New York Times bestselling author of Tony’s Wife

The Night Circus

Download The Night Circus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0385534647
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Night Circus by : Erin Morgenstern

Download or read book The Night Circus written by Erin Morgenstern and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NATIONAL BESTSELLER • Two starcrossed magicians engage in a deadly game of cunning in the spellbinding novel that captured the world's imagination. • "Part love story, part fable ... defies both genres and expectations." —The Boston Globe The circus arrives without warning. No announcements precede it. It is simply there, when yesterday it was not. Within the black-and-white striped canvas tents is an utterly unique experience full of breathtaking amazements. It is called Le Cirque des Rêves, and it is only open at night. But behind the scenes, a fierce competition is underway: a duel between two young magicians, Celia and Marco, who have been trained since childhood expressly for this purpose by their mercurial instructors. Unbeknownst to them both, this is a game in which only one can be left standing. Despite the high stakes, Celia and Marco soon tumble headfirst into love, setting off a domino effect of dangerous consequences, and leaving the lives of everyone, from the performers to the patrons, hanging in the balance.

The Long List Anthology Volume 2

Download The Long List Anthology Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781540512697
Total Pages : 542 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (126 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Long List Anthology Volume 2 by : Ann Leckie

Download or read book The Long List Anthology Volume 2 written by Ann Leckie and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second annual edition of the Long List Anthology. Every year, supporting members of WorldCon nominate their favorite stories first published during the previous year to determine the top five in each category for the final Hugo Award ballot. Between the announcement of the ballot and the Hugo Award ceremony at WorldCon, these works often become the center of much attention (and contention) across fandom. But there are more stories loved by the Hugo voters, stories on the longer nomination list that WSFS publishes after the Hugo Award ceremony at WorldCon. The Long List Anthology Volume 2 collects 18 fiction stories from that nomination list, along with 2 essays from the book Letters to Tiptree that was also on the nomination list, totaling over 500 pages of fiction by writers from all corners of the world. Within these pages you will find a mix of science fiction and fantasy and horror, the dramatic and the lighthearted, from android caretakers to Lovecraftian romances, from adventures to quests and more. There is a wide variety of styles and types of stories here, and something for everyone. The stories included are: "Damage" by David D. Levine "Pockets" by Amal El-Mohtar "Today I Am Paul" by Martin L. Shoemaker "The Women You Didn't See" by Nicola Griffith (a letter from Letters to Tiptree) "Tuesdays With Molakesh the Destroyer" by Megan Grey "Wooden Feathers" by Ursula Vernon "Three Cups of Grief, By Starlight" by Aliette de Bodard "Madeleine" by Amal El-Mohtar "Neat Things" by Seanan McGuire (a letter from Letters To Tiptree) "Pocosin" by Ursula Vernon "Hungry Daughters of Starving Mothers" by Alyssa Wong "So Much Cooking" by Naomi Kritzer "The Deepwater Bride" by Tamsyn Muir "The Heart's Filthy Lesson" by Elizabeth Bear "Grandmother-nai-Leylit's Cloth of Winds" by Rose Lemberg "Another Word For World" by Ann Leckie "The Long Goodnight of Violet Wild" by Catherynne M. Valente "Our Lady of the Open Road" by Sarah Pinsker "The Pauper Prince and the Eucalyptus Jinn" by Usman T. Malik "The Sorcerer of the Wildeeps" by Kai Ashante Wilson

Dare to Know

Download Dare to Know PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Geographic Books
ISBN 13 : 1683693167
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (836 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dare to Know by : James Kennedy

Download or read book Dare to Know written by James Kennedy and published by National Geographic Books. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A razor-smart sci-fi corporate noir nightmare. Dare to Know is what happens when Willy Loman sees through the Matrix. A heartbreaking, time-bending, galactic mindbender delivered in the mordantly funny clip of a doomed antihero.”—Daniel Kraus, co-author of The Shape of Water Now in paperback, this mind-bending and emotional speculative thriller is set in a world where the exact moment of your death can be predicted—for a price, featuring an excerpt from the upcoming Bride of the Tornado. Our narrator is the most talented salesperson at Dare to Know, an enigmatic company that has developed the technology to predict anyone’s death down to the second. Divorced, estranged from his sons, and broke, he's driven to violate the cardinal rule of the business by forecasting his own death day. The problem: his prediction says he died twenty-three minutes ago. The only person who can confirm its accuracy is Julia, the woman he loved and lost during his rise up the ranks of Dare to Know. As he travels across the country to see her, he’s forced to confront his past, the choices he's made, and the terrifying truth about the company he works for. Wildly ambitious and highly immersive, this thought-provoking thriller explores the destructive power of knowledge and collapses the boundaries between reality, myth, and conspiracy as it races toward its shocking conclusion.

I'll Take You There

Download I'll Take You There PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062656295
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (626 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis I'll Take You There by : Wally Lamb

Download or read book I'll Take You There written by Wally Lamb and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this radiant homage to the resiliency, strength, and power of women, Wally Lamb—author of numerous New York Times bestselling novels including She’s Come Undone, I Know This Much is True, and We Are Water—weaves an evocative, deeply affecting tapestry of one Baby Boomer's life and the trio of unforgettable women who have changed it. I’ll Take You There centers on Felix, a film scholar who runs a Monday night movie club in what was once a vaudeville theater. One evening, while setting up a film in the projectionist booth, he’s confronted by the ghost of Lois Weber, a trailblazing motion picture director from Hollywood’s silent film era. Lois invites Felix to revisit—and in some cases relive—scenes from his past as they are projected onto the cinema’s big screen. In these magical movies, the medium of film becomes the lens for Felix to reflect on the women who profoundly impacted his life. There’s his daughter Aliza, a Gen Y writer for New York Magazine who is trying to align her post-modern feminist beliefs with her lofty career ambitions; his sister, Frances, with whom he once shared a complicated bond of kindness and cruelty; and Verna, a fiery would-be contender for the 1951 Miss Rheingold competition, a beauty contest sponsored by a Brooklyn-based beer manufacturer that became a marketing phenomenon for two decades. At first unnerved by these ethereal apparitions, Felix comes to look forward to his encounters with Lois, who is later joined by the spirits of other celluloid muses. Against the backdrop of a kaleidoscopic convergence of politics and pop culture, family secrets, and Hollywood iconography, Felix gains an enlightened understanding of the pressures and trials of the women closest to him, and of the feminine ideals and feminist realities that all women, of every era, must face.