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Author : P. G. Boulter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781846086700
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (867 download)
Download or read book A Review of Instantaneous Emission Models for Road Vehicles written by P. G. Boulter and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : T. J. Barlow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781846086717
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (867 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of Instantaneous Emission Models written by T. J. Barlow and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paolo Toth
Publisher : SIAM
ISBN 13 : 1611973597
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Vehicle Routing written by Paolo Toth and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle routing problems, among the most studied in combinatorial optimization, arise in many practical contexts (freight distribution and collection, transportation, garbage collection, newspaper delivery, etc.). Operations researchers have made significant developments in the algorithms for their solution, and Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition reflects these advances. The text of the new edition is either completely new or significantly revised and provides extensive and complete state-of-the-art coverage of vehicle routing by those who have done most of the innovative research in the area; it emphasizes methodology related to specific classes of vehicle routing problems and, since vehicle routing is used as a benchmark for all new solution techniques, contains a complete overview of current solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. It also includes several chapters on important and emerging applications, such as disaster relief and green vehicle routing.
Author : Nikolaos Tsanakas
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176850927
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)
Download or read book Emission estimation based on traffic models and measurements written by Nikolaos Tsanakas and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion increases travel times, but also results in higher energy usage and vehicular emissions. To evaluate the impact of traffic emissions on environment and human health, the accurate estimation of their rates and location is required. Traffic emission models can be used for estimating emissions, providing emission factors in grams per vehicle and kilometre. Emission factors are defined for specific traffic situations, and traffic data is necessary in order to determine these traffic situations along a traffic network. The required traffic data, which consists of average speed and flow, can be obtained either from traffic models or sensor measurements. In large urban areas, the collection of cross-sectional data from stationary sensors is a costefficient method of deriving traffic data for emission modelling. However, the traditional approaches of extrapolating this data in time and space may not accurately capture the variations of the traffic variables when congestion is high, affecting the emission estimation. Static transportation planning models, commonly used for the evaluation of infrastructure investments and policy changes, constitute an alternative efficient method of estimating the traffic data. Nevertheless, their static nature may result in an inaccurate estimation of dynamic traffic variables, such as the location of congestion, having a direct impact on emission estimation. Congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, and since emissions have location specific effects, the location of congestion becomes a crucial aspect. Therefore, the derivation of traffic data for emission modelling usually relies on the simplified, traditional approaches. The aim of this thesis is to identify, quantify and finally reduce the potential errors that these traditional approaches introduce in an emission estimation analysis. According to our main findings, traditional approaches may be sufficient for analysing pollutants with global effects such as CO2, or for large-scale emission modelling applications such as emission inventories. However, for more temporally and spatially sensitive applications, such as dispersion and exposure modelling, a more detailed approach is needed. In case of cross-sectional measurements, we suggest and evaluate the use of a more detailed, but computationally more expensive, data extrapolation approach. Additionally, considering the inabilities of static models, we propose and evaluate the post-processing of their results, by applying quasi-dynamic network loading.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279281167
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (811 download)
Download or read book Review and Evaluation of Emission Models and Vehicle Simulation Tools written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main concerns regarding the road transport sector is the fact that it constitutes one of the main sources of air pollution, especially in urban areas, since the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in vehicles produces several pollutants. The most common approach for the assessment of traffic-related emission factors is the exhaust gas measurement of vehicles on chassis dynamometers over various driving cycles. A rather favourable approach in order to reduce the number of experimental procedures and thereby the cost of such tests is the development and calibration of vehicle simulation tools and emission models which could be used for the accurate evaluation and quantification of vehicle emissions without the necessity of expensive experimental campaigns. Today, there are several tools for the estimation of traffic-related emissions. Such tools are essential in any European or global policy dealing with emission projections, air pollution or climate change issues. This study presents a description of the current emission models (COPERT, EMFAC, etc) and vehicle simulation tools (ADVISOR, AUTONOMIE, PHEM etc). The review of existing models and methods provides evidence that there is a large variety of available tools to calculate traffic-related emissions and to develop road transport emission inventories, however, new trends and policies must also be fully incorporated in the existing tools. In addition, in order to use emission models and vehicle simulation tools in the proper way, detailed and precise measurements of vehicle operation are required, otherwise any potential benefits may be lost. This is likely to be rather difficult since such information is relatively expensive or difficult to collect. For example, certain input data may not be available, such as vehicle loading and gear-shift behaviour. The last point raises an important consideration regarding model complexity. More complex models have the potential to provide more accurate predictions as they take into account more variables. However, they also require more detailed input data which may not be readily available to the model user.
Author : Michel André
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1786300265
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Energy and Environment written by Michel André and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-20 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport systems are facing an impossible dilemma: satisfy an increasing demand for mobility of people and goods, while decreasing their fossil-energy requirements and preserving the environment. Additionally, transport has an opportunity to evolve in a changing world, with new services, technologies but also new requirements (fast delivery, reliability, improved accessibility). In this book, recent research works are reported around the triptych: "transport, energy and environment", which demonstrates that vehicle technologies and fuels can still improve, but it is necessary to prepare their implementation (e.g. electro-mobility), to think of new services, and to involve all actors, particularly enterprises, who will be the drivers of innovation. Mitigation strategies are studied to promote innovative, multimodal and clean transports and services. Research progress is reported on air pollution, vibrations and noise, their mitigation and assessment methodologies.
Author : P. G. Boulter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781846089428
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (894 download)
Download or read book A Review of Emission Factors and Models for Road Vehicle Non-exhaust Particulate Matter written by P. G. Boulter and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Osvaldo Gervasi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030869601
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021 written by Osvaldo Gervasi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten-volume set LNCS 12949 – 12958 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2021, which was held in Cagliari, Italy, during September 13 – 16, 2021. The event was organized in a hybrid mode due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The 466 full and 18 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 1588 submissions. The books cover such topics as multicore architectures, mobile and wireless security, sensor networks, open source software, collaborative and social computing systems and tools, cryptography, human computer interaction, software design engineering, and others. Part II of the set follows two general tracks: geometric modeling, graphics and visualization; advanced and emerging applications. Further sections include the proceedings of the workshops: International Workshop on Advanced Transport Tools and Methods (A2TM 2021); International Workshop on Advances in Artificial Intelligence Learning Technologies: Blended Learning, STEM, Computational Thinking and Coding (AAILT 2021); International Workshop on Advancements in Applied Machine-learning and Data Analytics (AAMDA 2021). At the end of the book there is a block of short papers. The chapter "Spatial justice models: an exploratory analysis on fair distribution of opportunities" is published open access under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). /div
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (Mobile) Model
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Modeling Mobile-source Emissions written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (Mobile) Model and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs.1 Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171903
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Modeling Mobile-Source Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) model is a computer model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for estimating emissions from on-road motor vehicles. MOBILE is used in air-quality planning and regulation for estimating emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) and for predicting the effects of emissions-reduction programs. Because of its important role in air-quality management, the accuracy of MOBILE is critical. Possible consequences of inaccurately characterizing motor-vehicle emissions include the implementation of insufficient controls that endanger the environment and public health or the implementation of ineffective policies that impose excessive control costs. Billions of dollars per year in transportation funding are linked to air-quality attainment plans, which rely on estimates of mobile-source emissions. Transportation infrastructure decisions are also affected by emissions estimates from MOBILE. In response to a request from Congress, the National Research Council established the Committee to Review EPA's Mobile Source Emissions Factor (MOBILE) Model in October 1998. The committee was charged to evaluate MOBILE and to develop recommendations for improving the model.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)
Download or read book A Review of Available Road Traffic Emission Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. W. S. Longhurst
Publisher : WIT Press
ISBN 13 : 1845647181
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution XXI written by J. W. S. Longhurst and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing papers presented at the twenty-first in a successful series of conferences on the modelling, monitoring and management of air pollution, the book Air Pollution XXI covers what has become a widespread and growing challenge to the international community. Governments face a need to balance concern over its known impacts on local and global health and the environment with improving or maintaining economic development. The key to achieving that balance is to use science to identify the nature and scale of air pollution impacts and to formulate effective policies and regulations. As our knowledge and application of the science of air pollution improves, we are better able to predict, assess and mitigate the implications air pollution has for local, regional, national and international economic systems.The papers deal in the book treat advances in a wide variety of topics, including: Air pollution modelling; Monitoring and measuring; Air quality management; Indoor air pollution; Aerosols and particles; Emission Studies; Air pollution chemistry; Source identification; Global and regional studies; Exposure and health Effects; Economics of air pollution control; Policy and legislation; Case studies; Innovative technologies.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309159474
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Author : Paul Kunselman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 ( download)
Download or read book Automobile exhaust emission modal analysis model written by Paul Kunselman and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mathematical model of an automobile's emission rate is described. This model can be used to calculate the amounts of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen emitted by individual vehicles or groups of vehicles which are driven over arbitrary driving sequences. The model requires as input the amounts of the three pollutants emitted by individual automobiles over short duration driving sequences (modes) and therefore, the model is intended to be used to predict emissions from vehicles being operated within the ranges of speed and acceleration covered in the input emission data.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309064457
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789279346804
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (468 download)
Download or read book Overview of Emission and Traffic Models and Evaluation of Vehicle Simulation Tools written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main concerns regarding the road transport sector is the fact that it constitutes one of the main sources of air pollution, especially in urban areas, since the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in vehicles produces several pollutants. The most common approach for the assessment of traffic-related emission factors is the exhaust gas measurement of vehicles on chassis dynamometers over various driving cycles. A rather favourable approach in order to reduce the number of experimental procedures and thereby the cost of such tests is the development and calibration of vehicle simulation tools and emission models which could be used for the accurate evaluation and quantification of vehicle emissions without the necessity of expensive experimental campaigns. Today, there are several tools for the estimation of traffic-related emissions. Such tools are essential in any European or global policy dealing with emission projections, air pollution or climate change issues.^This study presents a description of the current emission models (COPERT, EMFAC, etc.), traffic (AIMSUN, Vissim, etc.) and vehicle simulation tools (ADVISOR, AUTONOMIE, PH EM etc.). The review of existing models and methods provides evidence that there is a large variety of available tools to calculate traffic-related emissions and to develop road transport emission inventories, however, new trends and policies must also be fully incorporated in the existing tools. In addition, in order to use emission models and vehicle simulation tools in the proper way, detailed and precise measurements of vehicle operation are required, otherwise any potential benefits may be lost. This is likely to be rather difficult since such information is relatively expensive or difficult to collect. For example, certain input data may not be available, such as vehicle loading and gear-shift behaviour. The last point raises an important consideration regarding model complexity.^More complex models have the potential to provide more accurate predictions as they take into account more variables. However, they also require more detailed input data which may not be readily available to the model user.
Author : Fulvio Amato
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128117516
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Non-Exhaust Emissions written by Fulvio Amato and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs
