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A Quantitative Model Forecasting Changes In The Hurricane Vulnerability Of Residential Wood Frame Structures In North Carolina
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Book Synopsis A Quantitative Model Forecasting Changes in the Hurricane Vulnerability of Residential Wood-frame Structures in North Carolina by : Huan Zhao
Download or read book A Quantitative Model Forecasting Changes in the Hurricane Vulnerability of Residential Wood-frame Structures in North Carolina written by Huan Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Quantitative Model Forecasting the Effect of Building Inventory Changes on Hurricane Risk in the Carolinas by : Maria Corina Rivera
Download or read book A Quantitative Model Forecasting the Effect of Building Inventory Changes on Hurricane Risk in the Carolinas written by Maria Corina Rivera and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Model to Forecast Changes in Hurricane Vulnerability of Regional Building Inventory by : Rachel A. Davidson
Download or read book Quantitative Model to Forecast Changes in Hurricane Vulnerability of Regional Building Inventory written by Rachel A. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers by : American Society of Civil Engineers
Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
Book Synopsis Development of a Regional Wind Risk Assessment Framework for Wood-frame Single-family Residential Building Stock by : Shuochuan Meng
Download or read book Development of a Regional Wind Risk Assessment Framework for Wood-frame Single-family Residential Building Stock written by Shuochuan Meng and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, residential buildings along the coastal areas of the United States have suffered enormous structural damage and economic losses due to hurricane strikes. The significant variations in the building characteristics of residential buildings lead to distinctive building-level vulnerabilities under extreme winds. Therefore, an accurate representation of the building inventory is critical for quantifying regional hurricane risk. In this dissertation, a regional wind risk assessment framework is developed to evaluate hurricane-induced structural damage and economic losses for residential communities. Unlike existing loss models that represent the building stock by archetype models with limited variations in building characteristics, the proposed framework applies site-specific risk assessments on every house in the region of interest based on parcel-based building inventories. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of different building features on building vulnerability to identify the most critical features and explore the means of simplifying the building modeling process. To apply site-specific damage assessments at regional level, an automatic building modeling workflow is integrated into the framework, which is supported by property-specific characteristics extracted through machine learning-aided data collection approaches. The framework is applied to residential communities in New Hanover County, North Carolina. Through site-specific risk assessments on 1,746 realistic building models, the overall variance in building-level damage and loss results among single-family houses is evaluated. The damage results reveal significant differences in wind vulnerability due to variations in architectural features. Furthermore, a comparative study shows that the aggregated regional loss calculated based on refined building models is substantially higher than that derived from building archetypes used in existing regional loss models. The building inventory generation and building modeling modules integrated into the framework largely reduce the inherent uncertainties of hurricane risk prediction. The high-resolution damage and loss results produced by the framework offer insights into local risk conditions, which facilitate the improvement of hazard risk mitigation and post-disaster management strategies.
Book Synopsis Final Degree List by : Cornell University. Graduate School
Download or read book Final Degree List written by Cornell University. Graduate School and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PROBABILITY-BASED HURRICANE RESILIENCE EVALUATION AND RETROFITTING FOR RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY by :
Download or read book PROBABILITY-BASED HURRICANE RESILIENCE EVALUATION AND RETROFITTING FOR RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Wood residential construction is vulnerable to hurricanes, as evident in recent hurricane events. Many studies indicated that the changing climate may very likely alter hurricane patterns, which could lead to more severe hurricane damage to the wood residential construction that accounts for 90% of the residence in the USA. On the other hand, deterioration of material increases the chance of structural failure by reducing the structural capacity (e.g., corrosion of fasteners in roof panel could significantly reduce the withdrawal capacity of the roofing structure during hurricane events). Currently, most hurricane damage estimations only focus on direct loss (e.g., structural loss). Under this context, hurricane damage to wood residential construction could be underestimated. Other than just evaluating direct monetary loss, this research evaluates indirect, social disruption, and environmental losses of wood residential construction subjected to hurricane events considering a changing climate. This dissertation proposes a framework to evaluate hurricane resilience of residential community, which has been recognized a more comprehensive risk-based measure for risk assessment. The advantages of applying hurricane resilience framework include: 1) the incorporation of community recovery time modelling from hurricane events, 2) the ability to integrate all the key input from traditional risk assessment framework into a simple probabilistic expression, 3) a more accurate criterion to be used in the planning stage for designer and decision maker. The proposed framework consists of hurricane fragility analysis, reliability analysis, loss evaluation (i.e., direct, indirect, social disruption, and environmental losses), recovery time model, and potential impacts on hurricane hazard patterns from a changing climate. Sources of uncertainties in the framework include: 1) structural capacity uncertainty (e.g., changes in roof-panel-resistance-side due to effects of corrosion on metal fasteners), 2) load uncertainty (e.g., hurricane wind characteristics, hurricane simulations), 3) uncertainty in loss estimation, 4) recovery time modeling uncertainty, and 5) uncertainty from climate change.
Book Synopsis CFD-Based Probabilistic Framework for Evaluation of Coastal Residential Buildings Under Combined Hurricane Wind and Surge Flood by : Mehrshad Amini
Download or read book CFD-Based Probabilistic Framework for Evaluation of Coastal Residential Buildings Under Combined Hurricane Wind and Surge Flood written by Mehrshad Amini and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal residential buildings are vulnerable to significant damage due to hurricane related hazards such as storm surge, wind loads, and inundation. Recent damage to residential buildings caused by hurricanes in coastal areas illustrates poor performance of coastal structures against hurricane related hazards, which indicates that recent standards and building code provisions need to be improved in terms of loading and design requirements. A fundamental problem with current standards is that most follow the deterministic approach to some extent. For instance, both uncertainties regarding flood hazards and building structure characteristics such as elevation, number of stories, and size have not been considered in current flood risk assessment methods, which causes many concerns in terms of validity and reliability. On the other hand, Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) methodology is a well-known design approach to address inherent uncertainties for assessing and mitigating the risk associated with engineering structures. However, with only limited PBE frameworks in hurricane engineering fields proposed during recent years, there is lack of sufficient understanding of different aspects for development of standards needed for hurricane resistant design and retrofit of residential buildings. Furthermore, given the concurrent multi-hazard nature of hurricanes, designers need to address more complex loading conditions and design decisions. Based on the performance of coastal residential buildings in past hurricanes, elevating the lowest floor above the expected Base Flood Elevation (BFE) has been found to be the most effective strategy to reduce direct damage caused by flood and storm surge. However, elevated buildings can be exposed to different levels of wind loads due to unique aerodynamic characteristics, which leads to the need for more stringent design of structural and foundation systems. In addition, past hurricanes have shown that the actual flood levels can be several feet higher than the BFE, which means even pile-elevated houses may still be vulnerable to damage. Therefore, some communities encourage homeowners to add freeboard to the specific BFE in order to mitigate the risk of damage. The amount of freeboard depends on many factors, for which there is no rational approach for building owners and designers to make the most efficient decision. This study proposes a probabilistic framework in order to investigate the combined interaction of hurricane wind and coastal surge flood on typical residential homes upgraded based on various retrofit strategies. The goal of developing such a framework is to contribute to holistic and quantitative approach in evaluating the potential damage to retrofitted, particularly elevated coastal residential buildings. This proposed probabilistic framework consists of four main modules, namely hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage assessment, and loss measurement. A literature review was carried out to evaluate the performance of coastal residential buildings with respect to direct and indirect damage. The result of the literature review on mitigation techniques are discussed according to hurricane wind and flood-related hazards. Identification and quantification of these hurricane-associated hazards is the first step to understanding the behavior of residential buildings and identifying common failure mechanisms and mitigation techniques. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed to obtain realistic loading scenarios (wind and wave effects) and corresponding engineering demand parameters, respectively. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand the effect of various factors, including wind angle, wave type (regular and irregular waves), building elevation, and pier distribution on wind- and wave-induced loads on elevated coastal residential buildings. The CFD models were validated based on available data in terms of wind and wave loadings separately due to lack of current laboratory experiments. The resistance capacities and statistical characteristics for various building components under positive and negative pressures were obtained from experimental tests available in the literature review. The procedure relies on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to propagate uncertainties through the CFD analysis. Finally, damage assessment and vulnerability analysis were conducted based on selected failure criteria (e.g., HAZUS database) to develop physics-based fragility curves based on four different damage states, and finally obtain loss curves in terms of the building elevation for the selected residential building. A typical wood-frame residential building was selected for the case study to develop the fragility curves for four damage states and the corresponding loss curve based on HAZUS-MH. The building was assumed to be located in the Bolivar Peninsula, where it was heavily impacted by Hurricane Ike as a Category 2 storm. The fragility curves and loss curve were developed for two different scenarios: the building with 8d and 6d common nails used for the connection of roof and floor sheathings. These loss curves predict the expected damage ratio of the building due to combined effects of wind and waves considering the specific house elevation, which can help design professionals and home builders in order to select a reasonable freeboard above the base flood elevation determined based on a probabilistic approach rather than available deterministic methods. This framework can also be utilized in risk assessment and decision analysis of other types of structures against various environmental hazards.
Book Synopsis Predicting the Vulnerability of Typical Residential Buildings to Hurricane Damage by : Anne D. Cope
Download or read book Predicting the Vulnerability of Typical Residential Buildings to Hurricane Damage written by Anne D. Cope and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core of this model is a Monte Carlo Simulation engine that generates damage information for typical Florida homes, using a component approach. The simulation compares deterministic wind loads, and the probabilistic capacity of vulnerable building components to resist these loads, to determine the probability of damage. In this manner, probabilistic structural damage is identified over a range of assigned wind speeds. Monetary loss associated with structural damage and the likelihood of occurrence for discrete wind speeds will be determined by models under development by other groups in the project.
Book Synopsis Predicting the Vulnerability of Typical Commercial and Single Family Residential Buildings to Hurricane Damage by : Johann Everton Weekes
Download or read book Predicting the Vulnerability of Typical Commercial and Single Family Residential Buildings to Hurricane Damage written by Johann Everton Weekes and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane impacts have caused significant damage to residential and commercial structures, producing billions of dollars in insured losses. Numerical models are widely used by insurance companies in the prediction of loss cost. Several such loss projection models have been developed by private industry, and the State of Florida sponsored development of a non-proprietary hurricane loss model, known as the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM). This model resulted from a multi-university effort to quantify the damages and cost of repairs for structures that have been subjected to hurricane force winds. The original FPHLM focused on single-family residential housing. The model is now extended to cover commercial-residential buildings ranging from multi-story apartments to the high rise condominiums typically found lining the beaches of South Florida. This paper proposal focuses on the development of the exterior vulnerability component of the commercial-residential model, and provides a description of the strategies to probabilistically quantify physical exterior damage for two models: low-rise and mid/high rise commercial-residential structures.
Book Synopsis The Use of Physically Based Models and Ensemble Forecasting for Storm Surge Risk Assessment in a Changing Climate by : Jeane Buban Camelo
Download or read book The Use of Physically Based Models and Ensemble Forecasting for Storm Surge Risk Assessment in a Changing Climate written by Jeane Buban Camelo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study also showed that at the end of the century, hurricanes may produce larger surge magnitudes in concentrated areas as opposed to surges that are lower in magnitude and widespread. One notable finding of this study is that there is no single storm property that dictates the magnitude of surge inundation. Even when these properties are considered together, the results are still difficult to anticipate without explicit numerical simulation. Due to dynamic hurricane properties, storm surge risk communication has been challenging. Despite communication changes from the National Hurricane Center, we have found that there is a lingering association between the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS) and storm surge risk by the general public. However, findings suggest that although improving communication can indeed improve risk perception, it only addresses one component of a multidisciplinary system that defines storm surge risk. To be truly effective, resilience efforts will require multidisciplinary approaches.
Book Synopsis Fragility Methodology for Performance-based Engineering of Wood-frame Residential Construction by : Yue Li
Download or read book Fragility Methodology for Performance-based Engineering of Wood-frame Residential Construction written by Yue Li and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricanes and earthquakes have caused extensive property damage to wood-frame residential construction in the past two decades in the United States. In order to improve residential building performance and mitigate losses from hurricane and earthquake hazards, there is an urgent need for better understanding of building performance and improvements in design and evaluation tools. In this study, a fragility analysis methodology is developed for assessing the response of light-frame wood construction exposed to extreme hurricane winds and earthquakes. The fragility is a conditional limit state probability, presented as a function of the 3-second gust wind speed (hurricanes) or spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the building (earthquakes), leading to a relation between damage state probability and the hazard stipulated in ASCE Standard 7. A fully coupled probabilistic framework is proposed to assess reliability of the residential construction through convolution of the structural fragility model with hazard models. Finally, a comparative risk assessment addresses the similarities and differences in competing hurricane and earthquake hazards. The tools above can be used to evaluate new and existing building products, model the uncertainties that are inherent to the prediction of building performance, and manage the risk that is consequent to these uncertainties economically.
Book Synopsis Interior Damage Prediction in Residential Buildings Due to Hurricane Induced Rain Penetration by : Timothy James Johnson
Download or read book Interior Damage Prediction in Residential Buildings Due to Hurricane Induced Rain Penetration written by Timothy James Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catastrophe modelers are responsible for estimating and predicting expected physical and monetary building losses under extreme uncertainty. In the case of hurricanes, interior damage might represent the majority of the repair bill so accurate estimates of the interior damage are paramount to a reliable predictive model. Recent studies have shown that wind-driven rain (WDR) is the predominant source of interior related losses even in the absence of visible exterior physical damage. Significant strides have been made in quantifying the external WDR deposition characteristics during hurricane events, and in identifying sources of WDR intrusion through the building envelope. Recent laboratory tests have measured the so-called rain admittance factor (which quantifies the direct impinging rain) and surface runoff coefficients (which quantify the rain surface run-oft) on buildings subjected to hurricane winds and rain. In addition, post-disaster reconnaissance surveys, following hurricanes landfalls in Florida, have shown that soffits are an important source of water penetration, which is not always specifically taken into account in current vulnerability models. Follow-up laboratory tests have measured the amount of the water penetrating through certain types of soffits. These issues of water intrusion are compounded by the fact that a hurricane rotates around any particular building. Therefore the amount of horizontal rain exposure and penetration on any particular facade or component of the building envelope will vary in time as the storm rotates, while the components go from windward to leeward exposure or vice-versa. This dissertation addresses these issues. First, a new vulnerability model for the soffit incorporates experimental data on soffit rain penetration. Second, a new method captures the effect of the storm rotation on the rain deposition and penetration, which is essentially time dependent, into an existing vulnerability model, which simulates both pressure and debris induced envelope breaches but without an explicit time component. Third, a new interior vulnerability model incorporates the new experimental data on building envelope rain deposition and surface runoff. The model succeeds in evaluating the total volume of water penetration though both defects and breaches of the envelope (including soffits), which is then transformed into interior damage. Several implementation strategies were investigated, and the final version was incorporated into version 6.1 of the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model. This work emphasizes the critical role WDR plays in interior damage as well as provides insights into future mitigation strategies with regard to WDR management.
Book Synopsis Resource Allocation for Regional Hurricane Mitigation Planning by : Meredith Robin Legg
Download or read book Resource Allocation for Regional Hurricane Mitigation Planning written by Meredith Robin Legg and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation introduces a linear program to help guide optimal expenditure of government spending for regional hurricane risk management and to provide insight into some of the complexities involved in designing and prioritizing regional mitigation policies and programs. Specifically, it aims to help answer the questions: (1) How much should be spent on mitigation and acquisition?; (2) What will the return on that investment be?; and (3) How should mitigation funds be spent (i.e., which buildings should be mitigated, how, and when)? The model considers damage from both high winds and storm surge flooding; includes a detailed assessment of the actual risk using a carefully selected set of hurricane scenarios to represent the regional hazard and a component-based damage model; and considers physically realistic mitigation strategies. A heuristic algorithm was developed to solve it for real, regional applications. A case study for residential woodframe buildings in Eastern North Carolina is presented. The case study suggests that spending on pre- and post-event mitigation and acquisition are all cost-beneficial to a point; if funds are spent systematically, much of the benefit can be obtained with a relatively small investment; and in just 30 years, the investment can reduce annual expected reconstruction expenditures substantially, a benefit that would continue into the future. The case study also suggests spending on a range of mitigation strategy types; that it is best to spend mitigation funds as early as possible, where the hazard is highest (i.e. along the coast line); and that strategies affecting combinations of building components can be most cost-beneficial.
Book Synopsis A Validation Assessment of the Hazards of Place Model of Vulnerability for Northeastern North Carolina by : Bryce Carmichael
Download or read book A Validation Assessment of the Hazards of Place Model of Vulnerability for Northeastern North Carolina written by Bryce Carmichael and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As societal development continues to increase in floodplains, it is important to quantify the vulnerabilities associated with flooding. Using northeastern North Carolina as the study area, this thesis estimates the hazards of place model of vulnerability for sixteen counties in Northeastern North Carolina. The hazards of place model of vulnerability is developed from the combination of two quantitative indicators: the Geophysical Risk Index (GPRI) which incorporates two types of geophysical risk factors (percent of block group within the floodplain and the percent of human development within the floodplain); the Social Vulnerability for Evacuation Assistance Index (SVEAI) which examines four evacuation dimensions of U.S. census data (population and building structures, differential access to resources, special evacuation needs, and a combination of every dimension). Using the hazards of place model of vulnerability, this thesis prioritizes low, medium, and high risk block groups into a matrix classification. The results from the matrix classification are validated by a sub-block group analysis of parcel data and an interview with one emergency official. Results reveal that the inclusion of human development land cover data and the combination of census data are important factors for estimating the hazards of place model of vulnerability. However, the interview suggests that there are a few geophysical and social systems that could not be identified by quantitative indicators. Overall, the matrix classification of the hazards of place model of vulnerability was successful at prioritizing levels of risk in the study area.
Book Synopsis Forecasting Changes in Regional Hurricane Risk by : Vineet Kumar
Download or read book Forecasting Changes in Regional Hurricane Risk written by Vineet Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social Vulnerability of Coastal North Carolina to Storm Surge Flooding by : Jessica Ann Cain
Download or read book Social Vulnerability of Coastal North Carolina to Storm Surge Flooding written by Jessica Ann Cain and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
