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Author : Sridhar Subramanian
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (184 download)
Download or read book A Numerical Analysis of Shocks in Relativistic Quasar Jets written by Sridhar Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Markus Boettcher
Publisher : John Wiley and Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527410376
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (274 download)
Download or read book Relativistic Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei written by Markus Boettcher and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-13 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a carefully selected consortium of researchers working in the field, this book fills the gap for an up-to-date summary of the observational and theoretical status. As such, this monograph includes all used wavelengths, from radio to gamma, the FERMI telescope, a history and theory refresher, and jets from gamma ray bursts. For astronomers, nuclear physicists, and plasmaphysicists.
Author : Arno Vanthieghem
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)
Download or read book Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Relativistic Collisionless Shock Waves written by Arno Vanthieghem and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collisionless relativistic shock waves play a major role in extreme astrophysical objects such as gamma-ray bursts, blazars and pulsars wind nebulae, in which they are held responsible for producing nonthermal particle and radiation distributions. Without an external magnetic field, these shocks stem from the interaction, mediated by microinstabilities, of a beam of Fermi-accelerated particles with the ambient plasma. There results an electromagnetic turbulence that scatters both the beam and plasma particles. While the background plasma is mainly slowed down and heated, a fraction of its particles are accelerated to suprathermal energies, thus sustaining the shock wave. Understanding the highly nonlinear physics of such structures requires combining analytical models and large-scale particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations. After a short review of the concepts and numerical techniques used to address the topic, we first examine the evolution of the current filamentation instability, which prevails in the precursor region of initially unmagnetized shocks. We then develop a comprehensive microphysical model of such shocks. To this purpose, we introduce the notion of a preferential frame, in which the microturbulence is quasi-magnetostatic, thus allowing the description of the particle scattering to be greatly simplified. Finally, we analyze the influence of a neutron ejecta propagating upstream of a gamma-ray burst shock. For each study, our model predictions are substantiated by state-of-the-art PIC simulations. particules.
Author : Tomaso Belloni
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540769374
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book The Jet Paradigm written by Tomaso Belloni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-12-21 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of the ?rst case of superluminal radio jets in our galaxy in 1994 from the bright and peculiar X-ray source GRS 1915+105 has opened the way to a major shift in the direction of studies of stellar-mass accreting binaries. The past decade has seen an impressive increase in multi-wavelength studies. It is now known that all black hole binaries in our galaxy are radio sources and most likely their radio emission originates from a powerful jet. In addition to the spectacular events related to the ejection of superluminal jets, steady jets are known from many systems. Compared with their supermassive cousins, the nuclei of active galaxies, stellar-mass X-ray binaries have the advantage of varying on time scales accessible within a human life (sometimes even much shorter than a second). This has led to the ?rst detailed studies of the relation between accretion and ejection. It is even possible that, excluding their “soft” periods, the majority of the power in gal- tic sources lies in the jets and not in the accretion ?ows. This means that until a few years ago we were struggling with a physical problem, accretion onto compact objects, without considering one of the most important components of the system. Models that associate part of the high-energy emission and even the fast aperiodic variability to the jet itself are now being proposed and jets can no longer be ignored.
Author : Michał Ostrowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Relativistic Jets in AGNs written by Michał Ostrowski and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Luciano Rezzolla
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191509914
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Relativistic Hydrodynamics written by Luciano Rezzolla and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic hydrodynamics is a very successful theoretical framework to describe the dynamics of matter from scales as small as those of colliding elementary particles, up to the largest scales in the universe. This book provides an up-to-date, lively, and approachable introduction to the mathematical formalism, numerical techniques, and applications of relativistic hydrodynamics. The topic is typically covered either by very formal or by very phenomenological books, but is instead presented here in a form that will be appreciated both by students and researchers in the field. The topics covered in the book are the results of work carried out over the last 40 years, which can be found in rather technical research articles with dissimilar notations and styles. The book is not just a collection of scattered information, but a well-organized description of relativistic hydrodynamics, from the basic principles of statistical kinetic theory, down to the technical aspects of numerical methods devised for the solution of the equations, and over to the applications in modern physics and astrophysics. Numerous figures, diagrams, and a variety of exercises aid the material in the book. The most obvious applications of this work range from astrophysics (black holes, neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, and active galaxies) to cosmology (early-universe hydrodynamics and phase transitions) and particle physics (heavy-ion collisions). It is often said that fluids are either seen as solutions of partial differential equations or as "wet". Fluids in this book are definitely wet, but the mathematical beauty of differential equations is not washed out.
Author : Paulo Jorge Valente Garcia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642022898
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Jets from Young Stars IV written by Paulo Jorge Valente Garcia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomical jets are key astrophysical phenomena observed in gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei or young stars. Research on them has largely occurred within the domains of astronomical observations, astrophysical modeling and numerical simulations, but the recent advent of high energy density facilities has added experimental control to jet studies. Front-line research on jet launching and collimation requires a highly interdisciplinary approach and an elevated level of sophistication. Bridging the gaps between pure magnetohydrodynamics, thermo-chemical evolution, high angular resolution spectro-imaging and laboratory experiments is no small matter. This volume strives to bridge those very gaps. It offers a series of lectures which, taken as whole, act as a thorough reference for the foundations of this discipline. These lectures address the following: · laboratory jets physics from laser and z-pinch plasma experiments, · the magnetohydrodynamic theory of relativistic and non-relativistic stationary jets, · heating mechanisms in magnetohydrodynamic jets, from the solar magnetic reconnection to the molecular shock heating perspectives, · atomic and molecular microphysics of jet shocked material. In addition to the lectures, the book offers, in closing, a presentation of a series of observational diagnostics, thus allowing for the recovery of basic physical quantities from jet emission lines.
Author : Bernd Aschenbach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540747133
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology – Einstein’s Legacy written by Bernd Aschenbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-20 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2005, which marked the 100th anniversary of the 'annus mirabilis', the year in which Albert Einstein published three of his most important scientific papers, was the perfect opportunity to review and to present the current scientific understanding of relativistic topics. This book provides an up-to-date reference on the theory of gravity, relativistic astrophysics and cosmology. It is a useful reference tool for both the expert and the new-comer in these fields.
Author : Astronomisches Rechen-InstitutARI
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642517587
Total Pages : 1746 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Literature 1997, Part 1 written by Astronomisches Rechen-InstitutARI and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts is devoted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. Two volumes are scheduled to appear per year. Volume 67 records 10,903 papers covering besides the classical fields of astronomy and astrophysics such matters as space flights related to astronomy, lunar and planetary probes and satellites, meteorites and interplanetary matter, X rays and cosmic rays, quasars and pulsars. The abstracts are classified under more than one hundred subject categories thus permitting quick surveying of the bulk of material published on the same topic within six months. For instance, this volume records 119 papers on minor planets, 155 papers on supernovae, and 554 papers on cosmology.
Author : Quentin Moreno-Gelos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Non-relativistic Collisionless Shocks in Laboratory Astrophysics written by Quentin Moreno-Gelos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe, especially in the supernova remnants, and are formed via various plasma instabilities mainly depending on the speed and magnetization of plasma flows. The description of such shocks requires a kinetic approach, both analytical and numerical.In this thesis, we have studied, through Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations, the underlying processes by which instabilities compete with each other.We have shown that the reduction of the ion-to-electron mass ratio, often used in numerical simulations to accelerate the dynamics of shocks, can have strong consequences on the energy transfer between particles during the non-linear phase of instabilities.These instabilities, like the ionic acoustic instability (IAI) lead under certain conditions to the formation of electrostatic shocks, which can give rise to phase space holes formation, propagating in the downstream shock region, and accelerating the shock.The addition of an external magnetic field leads to different shock mediation, which can vary between the IAI to the slow or fast magneto-sonic waves as a function of the obliquity between the magnetic field and the shock normal.Furthermore, we have shown that the orientation of the magnetic field makes it possible to choose between a convex or concave dispersion of the plasma waves leading to the creation of precursor waves in the upstream or downstream shock regions.These magnetized shocks are correctly represented by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model as long as they remain laminar and their potential in the downstream region is not large enough to reflect the particles of the upstream medium.We have shown that even for sub-critical shocks, a fraction of reflected ions, which cannot be modeled by the MHD, is sufficient for the growth of solitary waves upstream of the shock, leading to the acceleration of the latter, but not to a process of 'self-reformation' as for super-critical shocks.Although spatio-temporal scales are very different, scaling laws make possible the study of such phenomena in the laboratory. Our numerical studies have been done in the context of shock tubes that can be experimentally tested.As such, we propose in this thesis an experiment on the creation of magnetic islands, formed by the interaction of plasmas generated by the irradiation of laser targets bathed in an external magnetic field, leading to the formation of such shocks.Finally, we experimentally and numerically demonstrated the formation of collisionless electromagnetic shocks through the Weibel instability stimulated by theBiermann Battery instability, and leading to particle acceleration by the Fermi mechanism.This new type of experiment could explain the origin of cosmic radiation from supernova remnants.
Author : E.F. Toro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461506638
Total Pages : 1050 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Godunov Methods written by E.F. Toro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited review book on Godunov methods contains 97 articles, all of which were presented at the international conference on Godunov Methods: Theory and Applications, held at Oxford in October 1999, to commemo rate the 70th birthday of the Russian mathematician Sergei K. Godunov. The meeting enjoyed the participation of 140 scientists from 20 countries; one of the participants commented: everyone is here, meaning that virtu ally everybody who had made a significant contribution to the general area of numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws, along the lines first proposed by Godunov in the fifties, was present at the meeting. Sadly, there were important absentees, who due to personal circumstance could not at tend this very exciting gathering. The central theme o{ the meeting, and of this book, was numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws fol lowing Godunov's key ideas contained in his celebrated paper of 1959. But Godunov's contributions to science are not restricted to Godunov's method.
Author : Donald G. York
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439836000
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book The Astronomy Revolution written by Donald G. York and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some 400 years after the first known patent application for a telescope by Hans Lipperhey, The Astronomy Revolution: 400 Years of Exploring the Cosmos surveys the effects of this instrument and explores the questions that have arisen out of scientific research in astronomy and cosmology. Inspired by the international New Vision 400 conference held in Beijing in October 2008, this interdisciplinary volume brings together expanded and updated contributions from 26 esteemed conference speakers and invited others. Looking beyond questions of science to the role of moral responsibility in human civilizations, the book offers the unique vantage points of contributions from both Eastern and Western cultures. Extensively illustrated in full color, this book consists of six parts. Aimed at young scientists, the first part presents perspectives on creativity and technology in scientific discovery. In the second part, contributors examine how the telescope has impacted our knowledge of the Universe—from the formation of galaxies to the death of stars. The third part of the book outlines some of the challenges we face in understanding dark matter, dark energy, black holes, and cosmic rays, and the fourth part discusses new technologies that will be useful in attacking new and unresolved questions. The fifth part of the book examines the intellectual impact that the telescope has had on society in China and in the West. The book concludes with an investigation of "big questions": What is the origin of the laws of physics as we know them? Are these laws the same everywhere? How do these scientific laws relate to the moral laws of society? Does what we know depend on cultural ways of asking the questions? Is there life elsewhere? And what about the questions that science cannot answer? Celebrating the historical significance of the telescope, this unique book seeks to inspire all those involved or interested in the enterprise of astronomy as humankind continues the quest to unveil the heavens.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Astronomy and Astrophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zeke K. Vogler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124026558
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (265 download)
Download or read book The Numerical Simulation of General Relativistic Shock Waves by a Locally Inertial Godunov Method Featuring Dynamical Time Dilation written by Zeke K. Vogler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We introduce what we call a locally inertial Godunov method with dynamical time dilation, and use it to simulate a new one parameter family of general relativistic shock wave solutions of the Einstein equations for a perfect fluid. The forward time solutions resolve the secondary reflected wave (an incoming shock wave) in the Smoller-Temple shock wave model for an explosion into a static singular isothermal sphere. The backward time solutions indicate black hole formation from a smooth underlying solution via collapse associated with an incoming rarefaction wave. As far as we know, this is the first numerical simulation of a fluid dynamical shock wave in general relativity.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (943 download)
Download or read book Headwinds and Bow Shocks written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An X-ray binary is a stellar binary system in which one of the components is a compact object (a black hole or a neutron star). The companion star transfers its gas to the compact object, and in some X-ray binaries the portion of the energy accreted to a disc produces a relativistic jet. The jet interacts with ambient medium, generating observational signatures, which are crucial in understanding jet dynamics and inferring the physical properties for the jet and the compact object. However, developing a theoretical framework for the interactions has been challenging. X-ray binaries are classified into two sub-categories based on the mass of their companion stars: high-mass X-ray binaries and low-mass X-ray binaries. In this thesis, I have performed a theoretical study of the jet-interstellar matter interaction for both systems. In Chapter 2, attention is given to the evolution of jet trails and bow shocks in fast-moving low-mass X-ray binaries. I have numerically proven that the interaction between the radio plasma released by microquasar jets from such high-velocity binaries in the interstellar medium always produces a structure that consists of a bow shock, a trailing neck, and an expanding bubble, which is detectable in H alpha and X-ray emissions. In Chapter 3, I extended this model to a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula, particularly the Guitar Nebula, which has apparent multiple bubbles behind the pulsar. In this study, I focused on the effect of inhomogeneous ambient medium on the evolution of bow shocks and bubbles. I showed that when the pulsar encounters a density discontinuity, the bubbles can be produced due to the abrupt change of the standoff radius, at which a pressure balance occurs between the pulsar wind pressure and the ram pressure from the ambient medium. In Chapter 4, I studied the interaction between microquasar jets and stellar wind from the companion star in high-mass X-ray binaries. I derived a robust analytic solution of the jet-bending angle as a function of jet power and wind thrust, and applied it to Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3 to constrain their minimum jet kinetic power.
Author : Ioannis Contopoulos
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319349954
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (499 download)
Download or read book The Formation and Disruption of Black Hole Jets written by Ioannis Contopoulos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the phenomenology displayed by relativistic jets as well as the most recent theoretical efforts to understand the physical mechanisms at their origin. Relativistic jets have been observed and studied in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) for about half a century and are believed to be fueled by accretion onto a supermassive black hole at the center of the host galaxy. Since the first discovery of relativistic jets associated with so-called "micro-quasars" much more recently, it has seemed clear that much of the physics governing the relativistic outflows in stellar X-ray binaries harboring black holes and in AGN must be common, but acting on very different spatial and temporal scales. With new observational and theoretical results piling up every day, this book attempts to synthesize a consistent, unified physical picture of the formation and disruption of jets in accreting black-hole systems. The chapters in this book offer overviews accessible not only to specialists but also to graduate students and astrophysicists working in other areas. Covered topics comprise Relativistic jets in stellar systems Launching of AGN jets Parsec-scale AGN jets Kiloparsec-scale AGN jets Black hole magnetospheres Theory of relativistic jets The structure and dynamics of the inner accretion disk The origin of the jet magnetic field X-ray observations, phenomenology, and connection with theory
Author : B. Bertotti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400964692
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book General Relativity and Gravitation written by B. Bertotti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tenth International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (GR10) was held from July 3 to July 8, 1983, in Padova, Italy. These Conferences take place every three years, under the auspices of the International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation, with the purpose of assessing the current research in the field, critically discussing the prog ress made and disclosing the points of paramount im portance which deserve further investigations. The Conference was attended by about 750 scientists active in the various subfields in which the current research on gravitation and general relativity is ar ticulated, and more than 450 communications were sub mitted. In order to fully exploit this great occur rence of experience and creative capacity, and to pro mote individual contributions to the collective know ledge, the Conference was given a structure of work shops on the most active topics and of general sessions in which the Conference was addressed by invited speakers on general reviews or recent major advance ments of the field. The individual communications were collected in a two-volume publication made available to the participants upon their arrival and widely distributed to Scientific Institutions and Research Centres.
