A Cultural History Of Medical Vitalism In Enlightenment Montpellier

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A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier

Author : Elizabeth A. Williams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351962566
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier by : Elizabeth A. Williams

Download or read book A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier written by Elizabeth A. Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key themes of the Enlightenment was the search for universal laws and truths that would help illuminate the workings of the universe. It is in such attitudes that we trace the origins of modern science and medicine. However, not all eighteenth century scientists and physicians believed that such universal laws could be found, particularly in relation to the differences between living and inanimate matter. From the 1740s physicians working in the University of Medicine of Montpellier began to contest Descartes's dualist concept of the body-machine that was being championed by leading Parisian medical 'mechanists'. In place of the body-machine perspective that sought laws universally valid for all phenomena, the vitalists postulated a distinction being living and other matter, offering a holistic understanding of the physical-moral relation in place of mind-body dualism. Their medicine was not based on mathematics and the unity of the sciences, but on observation of the individual patient and the harmonious activities of the 'body-economy'. Vitalists believed that Illness was a result of disharmony in this 'body-economy' which could only be remedied on an individual level depending on the patient's own 'natural' limitations. The limitations were established by a myriad of factors such as sex, class, age, temperament, region, and race, which negated the use of a single universal treatment for a particular ailment. Ultimately Montpelier medicine was eclipsed by that of Paris, a development linked to the dynamics of the Enlightenment as a movement bent on cultural centralisation, acquiring a reputation as a kind of anti-science of the exotic and the mad. Given the long-standing Paris-centrism of French cultural history, Montpellier vitalism has never been accorded the attention it deserves by historians. This study repairs that neglect.

A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier

Author : Elizabeth Ann Williams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier by : Elizabeth Ann Williams

Download or read book A Cultural History of Medical Vitalism in Enlightenment Montpellier written by Elizabeth Ann Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a cultural history of Montpellier vitalism, regarded by many historians as the leading school of medicine in the French Enlightenment. Offering a holistic understanding of physical-moral relation in place of Descartes' mind-body dualism, Montpellier vitalism supplied essential discursive foundations of the medical enlightenment.

A Cultural History of the Senses in the Age of Enlightenment

Author : Anne C. Vila
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1474233104
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis A Cultural History of the Senses in the Age of Enlightenment by : Anne C. Vila

Download or read book A Cultural History of the Senses in the Age of Enlightenment written by Anne C. Vila and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the varied ways in which the senses were perceived afresh during the Enlightenment. In addition to introducing new philosophical and scientific models which sometimes upended the classic hierarchy of the senses, this period witnessed major changes in living and working habits, including urbanization, travel and exploration, the invention of new sonic and visual media, and the rise of comfort and pleasure as values that cut across a range of social classes. As this volume shows, those developments inspired a wealth of sensorially stimulating styles of design, art, music, poetry, foodstuffs, material goods and modes of worship and entertainment. The volume also demonstrates the period's countervailing concern with managing the senses, evident in fields like natural philosophy, medicine, education, religion, and public hygiene. Finally, it explores some of the Enlightenment's desensualizing tendencies, like the separation of sensuous body from discerning mind in certain arenas of science and manufacturing, and the late 18th-century shift away from a politics of publicity, or intense visual and aural scrutiny, toward the secret ballot. A Cultural History of the Senses in the Age of Enlightenment presents essays on the following topics: the social life of the senses; urban sensations; the senses in the marketplace; the senses in religion; the senses in philosophy and science; medicine and the senses; the senses in literature; art and the senses; and sensory media.

Vitalist Modernism

Author : Fae Brauer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000826910
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Vitalist Modernism by : Fae Brauer

Download or read book Vitalist Modernism written by Fae Brauer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reveals how, when, where, and why vitalism and its relationship to new scientific theories, philosophies and concepts of energy became seminal from the fin de siècle until the Second World War for such Modernists as Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Hugo Ball, Juliette Bisson, Eva Carrière, Salvador Dalì, Robert Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, Edvard Munch, Picasso, Yves Tanguy, Gino Severini and John Cage. For them, Vitalism entailed the conception of life as a constant process of metamorphosis impelled by the free flow of energies, imaginings, intuition and memories, unconstrained by mechanistic materialism and chronometric imperatives, to generate what the philosopher Henri Bergson aptly called Creative Evolution. Following the three main dimensions of Vitalist Modernism, the first part of this book reveals how biovitalism at the fin de siècle entailed the pursuit of corporeal regeneration through absorption in raw nature, wholesome environments, aquatic therapies, electromagnetism, heliotherapy, modern sports, particularly rugby, water sports, the Olympic Games and physical culture to energize the human body and vitalize its life force. This is illuminated by artists as geoculturally diverse as Gustave Caillebotte, Thomas Eakins, Munch and Albert Gleizes. The second part illuminates how simultaneously Vitalism became aligned with anthroposophy, esotericism, magnetism, occultism, parapsychology, spiritism, theosophy and what Bergson called "psychic states", alongside such new sciences as electromagnetism, radiology and the Fourth Dimension, as captured by such artists as Juliette Bisson, Giacomo Balla, Albert Besnard, Umberto Boccioni, Eva Carrière, John Gerrard Keulemans, László Moholy-Nagy, James Tissot, Albert von Schrenck Notzing and Picasso. During and after the devastation of the First World War, the third part explores how Vitalism, particularly Bergson’s theory of becoming, became associated with Dadaist, Neo-Dadaist and Surrealist notions of amorality, atemporality, dysfunctionality, entropy, irrationality, inversion, negation and the nonsensical captured by Hans Arp, Charlie Chaplin, Theo Van Doesburg, Kazimir Malevich, Kurt Schwitters and Vladimir Tatlin alongside Cage’s concept of Nothing. After investigating the widespread engagement with Bergson’s philosophies and Vitalism and art by Anarchists, Marxists and Communists during and after the First World War, it concludes with the official rejection of Bergson and any form of Vitalism in the Soviet Union under Stalin. This book will be of vital interest to gallery, exhibition and museum curators and visitors, plus readers and scholars working in art history, art theory, cultural studies, modernist studies, occult studies, European art and literature, health, histories of science, philosophy, psychology, sociology, sport studies, heritage studies, museum studies and curatorship.

Fiber, Medicine, and Culture in the British Enlightenment

Author : Hisao Ishizuka
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 134993268X
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (499 download)

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Book Synopsis Fiber, Medicine, and Culture in the British Enlightenment by : Hisao Ishizuka

Download or read book Fiber, Medicine, and Culture in the British Enlightenment written by Hisao Ishizuka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a full account of the concept of fiber and fiber theory in eighteenth-century British medicine. It explores the pivotal role fiber played as a defining, underlying concept in anatomy, physiology, pathology, therapeutics, psychology, and the life sciences. With the gradual demise of ancient humoralism, the solid fibers appeared on the medical scene both as the basic building unit of the body and as a dynamic agent of life. As such, fiber stands at the heart of eighteenth-century medicine, both iatromechanism and iatro-vitalism. Touching on the cultural aspects of fiber, the Baroque, and the culture of sensibility, this book also challenges the widely held assumption that the eighteenth century was the age of the nerve and instead offers an alternative model of fiber.

Provincializing Global History

Author : James Livesey
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300237162
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Provincializing Global History by : James Livesey

Download or read book Provincializing Global History written by James Livesey and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microhistory of eighteenth-century systemic change that places ordinary French lives alongside global advances Provincializing Global History explores the subtle transformation of the coastal province of the Languedoc in the eighteenth century. Mining a wealth of archival sources, James Livesey unveils how provincial elites and peasant households unwittingly created new practices. Managing local political institutions, establishing new credit systems, building networks of natural historians, and introducing new plants and farm machinery to the region opened up the inhabitants of the province to new norms and standards. The practices were gradually embedded in daily life and allowed the province to negotiate the new worlds of industrial society and capitalism.

The Quantification of Life and Health from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century

Author : Simone Guidi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031157257
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis The Quantification of Life and Health from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century by : Simone Guidi

Download or read book The Quantification of Life and Health from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century written by Simone Guidi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume explores the intersection of medicine and philosophy throughout history, calling attention to the role of quantification in understanding the medical body. Retracing current trends and debates to examine the quantification of the body throughout the early modern, modern and early contemporary age, the authors contextualise important issues of both medical and philosophical significance, with chapters focusing on the quantification of temperaments and fluids, complexions, functions of the living body, embryology, and the impact of quantified reasoning on the concepts of health and illness. With insights spanning from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century, this book provides a wide-ranging overview of attempts to ‘quantify’ the human body at various points. Arguing that medicine and philosophy have been constantly in dialogue with each other, the authors discuss how this provided a strategic opportunity both for medical thought and philosophy to refine and further develop. Given today’s fascination with the quantification of the body, represented by the growing profusion of self-tracking devices logging one’s sleep, diet or mood, this collection offers an important and timely contribution to an emerging and interdisciplinary field of study.

Confronting Modernity in Fin-de-Siècle France

Author : C. Forth
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230246842
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Modernity in Fin-de-Siècle France by : C. Forth

Download or read book Confronting Modernity in Fin-de-Siècle France written by C. Forth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The turn of the twentieth century represented a crossroads in the French experience of modernization, especially in regard to ideas about gender and sexuality. Drawing together prominent scholars in French gender history, this volume explores how historians have come to view this period in light of new theoretical developments since the 1980s.

Vital Matters

Author : Mary Terrall
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442642580
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Vital Matters by : Mary Terrall

Download or read book Vital Matters written by Mary Terrall and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in association with the UCLA Center for Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies and the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library.

Female Sexuality and Cultural Degradation in Enlightenment France

Author : Mary McAlpin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317135911
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Sexuality and Cultural Degradation in Enlightenment France by : Mary McAlpin

Download or read book Female Sexuality and Cultural Degradation in Enlightenment France written by Mary McAlpin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her study of eighteenth-century literature and medical treatises, Mary McAlpin takes up the widespread belief among cultural philosophers of the French Enlightenment that society was gravely endangered by the effects of hyper-civilization. McAlpin's study explores a strong thread in this rhetoric of decline: the belief that premature puberty in young urban girls, supposedly brought on by their exposure to lascivious images, titillating novels, and lewd conversations, was the source of an increasing moral and physical degeneration. In how-to hygiene books intended for parents, the medical community declared that the only cure for this obviously involuntary departure from the "natural" path of sexual development was the increased surveillance of young girls. As these treatises by vitalist and vitalist-inspired physiologists became increasingly common in the 1760s, McAlpin shows, so, too, did the presence of young, vulnerable, and virginal heroines in the era's novels. Analyzing novels by, among others, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, and Choderlos de Laclos, she offers physiologically based readings of many of the period's most famous heroines within the context of an eighteenth-century discourse on women and heterosexual desire that broke with earlier periods in recasting female and male desire as qualitatively distinct. Her study persuasively argues that the Western view of women's sexuality as a mysterious, nebulous force-Freud's "dark continent"-has its secular origins in the mid-eighteenth century.

Art and Monist Philosophy in Nineteenth Century France From Auteuil to Giverny

Author : Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000953041
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Art and Monist Philosophy in Nineteenth Century France From Auteuil to Giverny by : Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer

Download or read book Art and Monist Philosophy in Nineteenth Century France From Auteuil to Giverny written by Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-25 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of the relation between the fine arts and philosophy in France, from the aftermath of the 1789 revolution to the end of the nineteenth century, when a philosophy of being called “Monism” emerged and became increasingly popular among intellectuals, artists and scientists. Nina Athanassoglou-Kallmyer traces the evolution and impact of this monist thought and its various permutations as a transformative force on certain aspects of French art and culture – from Romanticism to Impressionism – and as a theoretical backdrop that paved the way to as yet unexplored aspects of a modernist aesthetic. Chapters concentrate on three major artists, Théodore Géricault (1791–1824), Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863) and Claude Monet (1840–1926), and their particular approach to and interpretation of this unitarian concept. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, philosophy and cultural history.

The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context

Author : Jeffrey D. Burson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107030587
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context by : Jeffrey D. Burson

Download or read book The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context written by Jeffrey D. Burson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyses the causes and consequences of the Jesuit Suppression, one of the most dramatic events in eighteenth-century history.

Life Embodied

Author : Nicolás Fernández-Medina
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 0773554084
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (735 download)

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Book Synopsis Life Embodied by : Nicolás Fernández-Medina

Download or read book Life Embodied written by Nicolás Fernández-Medina and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of vital force – the immanent energy that promotes the processes of life in the body and in nature – has proved a source of endless fascination and controversy. Indeed, the question of what vitalizes the body has haunted humanity since antiquity, and became even more pressing during the Scientific Revolution and beyond. Examining the complexities and theories about vital force in Spanish modernity, Nicolás Fernández-Medina's Life Embodied offers a novel and provocative assessment of the question of bodily life in Spain. Starting with Juan de Cabriada's landmark Carta filosófica, médico-chymica of 1687 and ending with Ramón Gómez de la Serna's avant-gardism of the 1910s, Fernández-Medina incorporates discussions of anatomy, philosophy, science, critical theory, history of medicine, and literary studies to argue that concepts of vital force served as powerful vehicles to interrogate the possibilities and limits of corporeality. Paying close attention to how the body's capabilities were conceived and strategically woven into critiques of modernity, Fernández-Medina engages the work of Miguel Boix y Moliner, Martín Martínez, Diego de Torres Villarroel, Sebastián Guerrero Herreros, Ignacio María Ruiz de Luzuriaga, Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, Pedro Mata y Fontanet, Ángela Grassi, Julián Sanz del Río, Miguel de Unamuno, and Pío Baroja, among others. Drawing on extensive research and analysis, Life Embodied breaks new ground as the first book to address the question of vital force in Spanish modernity.

The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility

Author : Stephen Gaukroger
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019161646X
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility by : Stephen Gaukroger

Download or read book The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility written by Stephen Gaukroger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the emergence of a scientific culture - one in which cognitive values generally are modelled on, or subordinated to, scientific ones - is one of the foremost historical and philosophical problems with which we are now confronted. The significance of the emergence of such scientific values lies above all in their ability to provide the criteria by which we come to appraise cognitive enquiry, and which shape our understanding of what it can achieve. The period between the 1680s and the middle of the eighteenth century is a very distinctive one in this development. It is then that we witness the emergence of the idea that scientific values form a model for all cognitive claims. It is also at this time that science explicitly goes beyond technical expertise and begins to articulate a world-view designed to displace others, whether humanist or Christian. But what occurred took place in a peculiar and overdetermined fashion, and the outcome in the mid-eighteenth century was not the triumph of 'reason', as has commonly been supposed, but rather a simultaneous elevation of the standing of science and the beginnings of a serious questioning of whether science offers a comprehensive form of understanding. The Collapse of Mechanism and the Rise of Sensibility is the sequel to Stephen Gaukroger's acclaimed 2006 book The Emergence of a Scientific Culture. It offers a rich and fascinating picture of the development of intellectual culture in a period where understandings of the natural realm began to fragment.

Living in Time

Author : Barry Allen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197671616
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)

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Book Synopsis Living in Time by : Barry Allen

Download or read book Living in Time written by Barry Allen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-13 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was once the most famous philosopher in the world, but his reputation waned in the latter half of the 20th century. Barry Allen here makes the case for Bergson as a great philosopher, one whose thought has much to contribute to contemporary philosophical questions. Living in Time presents chapters on each of Bergson's four major works, explaining his theories of time, perception, memory, and panpsychic consciousness, his innovative concept of virtual existence, his objection to Darwin, his controversy with Einstein, his philosophy of creative evolution, and his social philosophy of closed and open society. In particular Allen focusses on Bergson's powerful ideas on time. Classical arguments for determinism fallaciously apply spatial concepts to consciousness; once we take time seriously, which means acknowledging its reality as duration and its difference from space, Bergson showed that the arguments for determinism become insupportable. Bergson's ideas on time and evolution offer a comparison with Nietzsche, which Allen develops, exposing both philosophical concurrence and systematic difference. The book's conclusion discusses the question of Bergson and naturalism and summarizes the ontology of the virtual that emerges as a core part of Bergson's thought.

Contagionism Catches On

Author : Margaret DeLacy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319509594
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Contagionism Catches On by : Margaret DeLacy

Download or read book Contagionism Catches On written by Margaret DeLacy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how contagionism evolved in eighteenth century Britain and describes the consequences of this evolution. By the late eighteenth century, the British medical profession was divided between traditionalists, who attributed acute diseases to the interaction of internal imbalances with external factors such as weather, and reformers, who blamed contagious pathogens. The reformers, who were often “outsiders,” English Nonconformists or men born outside England, emerged from three coincidental transformations: transformation in medical ideas, in the nature and content of medical education, and in the sort of men who became physicians. Adopting contagionism led them to see acute diseases as separate entities, spurring a process that reoriented medical research, changed communities, established new medical institutions, and continues to the present day.

Medical Consulting by Letter in France, 1665–1789

Author : Robert Weston
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317098404
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Consulting by Letter in France, 1665–1789 by : Robert Weston

Download or read book Medical Consulting by Letter in France, 1665–1789 written by Robert Weston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ailing seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French men and women, members of their families, or their local physician or surgeon, could write to high profile physicians and surgeons seeking expert medical advice. This study, the first full-length examination of the practice of consulting by letter, provides a cohesive portrayal of some of the widespread ailments of French society in the latter part of the early modern period. It explores how and why changes occurred in the relationships between those who sought and those who provided medical advice. Previous studies of epistolary medical consulting have limited attention to the output of one or two practitioners, but this study uses the consultations of around 100 individual practitioners from the mid-seventeenth century to the time of the Revolution to give a broad picture of patients and physicians perceptions of illnesses and how they should be treated on a day-to-day basis. It makes a unique contribution to the history of medicine, as no other study has been undertaken in the consulting by letter of surgeons, as opposed to physicians. It is shown that the well-known disputation between physicians and surgeons tells only a part of the history; whereas in fact, necessity required that these two 'professions' had to work together for the patients' good.