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A Conceptual Life History Model For Pallid And Shovelnose Sturgeon
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Book Synopsis A Conceptual Life-History Model for Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon by : Mark Lee Wildhaber
Download or read book A Conceptual Life-History Model for Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon written by Mark Lee Wildhaber and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Conceptual Life-history Model for Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon by :
Download or read book A Conceptual Life-history Model for Pallid and Shovelnose Sturgeon written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intensive management of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has resulted in dramatic physical changes to these rivers. These changes have been implicated as causative agents in the decline of pallid sturgeon. The pallid sturgeon, federally listed as endangered, is endemic to the turbid waters of the Missouri River and the Lower Mississippi River. The sympatric shovelnose sturgeon historically was more common and widespread than the pallid sturgeon. Habitat alteration, river regulation, pollution, and over-harvest have resulted in the now predictable patterns of decline and localized extirpation of sturgeon across species and geographic areas. Symptomatic of this generalized pattern of decline is poor reproductive success, and low or no recruitment of wild juveniles to the adult population. The purpose of this report is to introduce a conceptual life-history model of the factors that affect reproduction, growth, and survival of shovelnose and pallid sturgeons. The conceptual model provided here was developed to organize the understanding about the complex life history of Scaphirhynchus sturgeons. It was designed to be used for communication, planning, and to provide the structure for a population-forecasting model. These models are intended to be dynamic and responsive to new information and changes in river management, thereby providing scientists, stakeholders, and managers with ways to improve understanding of the effects of management actions on the ecological requirements of Scaphirhynchus sturgeons. As new scientific knowledge becomes available, it could be included in the model in many ways at various integration levels.
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting the Reproduction, Recruitment, Habitat, and Population Dynamics of Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Missouri River by : Carl E. Korschgen
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Reproduction, Recruitment, Habitat, and Population Dynamics of Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Missouri River written by Carl E. Korschgen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon Reproduction by : Catherine J. Henry
Download or read book A Study of Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon Reproduction written by Catherine J. Henry and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Range-wide Growth and Diet of Pallid Sturgeon and Sympatric Shovelnose Sturgeon by : Robert Jason DeVries
Download or read book Range-wide Growth and Diet of Pallid Sturgeon and Sympatric Shovelnose Sturgeon written by Robert Jason DeVries and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Life Histories of the Shovelnose and Pallid Sturgeons (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus and S. Albus) by : D. P. Swain
Download or read book Life Histories of the Shovelnose and Pallid Sturgeons (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus and S. Albus) written by D. P. Swain and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endangered Species Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aspects of the Life History of the Shovelnose Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus (Rafinesque) in the Missouri River by : Paul L. Zweiacker
Download or read book Aspects of the Life History of the Shovelnose Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus (Rafinesque) in the Missouri River written by Paul L. Zweiacker and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Update by :
Download or read book Pallid Sturgeon Recovery Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Missouri River from Fort Peck Dam to Lake Sakakawea and in the Yellowstone from Intake to Its Mouth by : Anne Elizabeth Tews
Download or read book Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Missouri River from Fort Peck Dam to Lake Sakakawea and in the Yellowstone from Intake to Its Mouth written by Anne Elizabeth Tews and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology and Coexistence of Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon at Multiple Scales by : Anthony Paul Porreca
Download or read book Ecology and Coexistence of Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon at Multiple Scales written by Anthony Paul Porreca and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transforming river systems and their surrounding habitats is the most widespread threat to the function of lotic ecosystems. To meet increasing demands for the limited supply of fresh water, humans have extensively altered river systems through diversions and impoundments, use for irrigation, drinking water, food fishing, generating hydro-electricity, and transporting goods and services. These modifications have resulted in an oversimplification of riverine habitats and global declines of many fluvial dependent species. Sturgeons are a group of fluvial dependent species affected by river modifications and may be the most imperiled group of species on Earth. Most sturgeons are threatened across the globe due to a combination of unregulated harvest and habitat loss. The federally endangered pallid sturgeon ( Scaphirhynchuss albus) and a congener, the threatened shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) are two species that depend solely on the large rivers of North America. Both species have experienced declines from habitat loss within the Mississippi River basin and overharvest due to the demand for black egg caviar, and are now protected from harvest where they overlap in range. However, pallid sturgeon populations continue to decline while shovelnose sturgeon have remained stable. Efforts to conserve pallid sturgeon have been ongoing for decades, but most studies describing pallid sturgeon life history have been conducted in altered habitats, making it difficult to determine unknown aspects of pallid sturgeon ecology and conservation needs. As a result, knowledge gaps still remain in our understanding of habitat needs during early life and adulthood for both species. Further, little information exists on how these similar sturgeons coexisted historically and why they are now on such different population trajectories. To address these issues, I investigated Scaphirhynchuss sturgeon ecology and coexistence at multiple scales. I first examined the environmental life history of pallid and shovelnose sturgeon within the Mississippi River basin (Chapter 2). Using microchemistry techniques, my goal was to assess how to improve species conservation by identifying ecologically relevant management boundaries for pallid and shovelnose sturgeon. My results highlighted a mismatch between conservation boundaries and Scaphirhynchuss sturgeon river use and I suggested that managers should consider expanding current protections for pallid sturgeon to include the unprotected sections of the Mississippi River. Chapters 3 and 4 of my dissertation centered on habitat use at smaller spatial scales ( 1 m2
Book Synopsis Reproductive Demographics and Early Life History of the Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus) by : Robert E. Colombo
Download or read book Reproductive Demographics and Early Life History of the Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus) written by Robert E. Colombo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Management and Restoration of Fluvial Systems with Broad Historical Changes and Human Impacts by : L. Allan James
Download or read book Management and Restoration of Fluvial Systems with Broad Historical Changes and Human Impacts written by L. Allan James and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research Chronology of Pallid Sturgeon, Shovelnose Sturgeon, Blue Sucker, Sicklefin Chub and Sturgeon Chub in the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers in Montana and North Dakota by : Grant Gerald Grisak
Download or read book Research Chronology of Pallid Sturgeon, Shovelnose Sturgeon, Blue Sucker, Sicklefin Chub and Sturgeon Chub in the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers in Montana and North Dakota written by Grant Gerald Grisak and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Discriminating Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Albus) and Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorhynchus) and Intraspecific Geographic Variation Based on Genetic and Morphological Characters by : Aaron William Schrey
Download or read book Discriminating Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Albus) and Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorhynchus) and Intraspecific Geographic Variation Based on Genetic and Morphological Characters written by Aaron William Schrey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorhynchus) are sympatric in the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Pallid sturgeon are listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act, while shovelnose sturgeon are common enough to be commercially harvested in several states. It is not currently possible to distinguish these species due to morphological overlap between species and a lack of identified fixed genetic differences. This has undoubtedly had negative impacts on pallid sturgeon recovery efforts. The major focus of this dissertation was to use multiple microsatellite loci and morphological characters to accurately discriminate pallid and shovelnose sturgeon throughout their shared range and to examine intraspecific genetic variation across the geographic ranges of both species. Bayesian assignment testing based on microsatellite genotypes was used to determine the number of natural groups within Scaphirhynchus samples without identifying species a priori . The genetic analysis was then used in concert with morphological character index values to define pallid, intermediate, and shovelnose sturgeon. Once species were defined, the relationship among pallid and shovelnose sturgeon was tested and the intermediate individuals were analyzed to investigate hybridization. These analyses showed all pallid sturgeon are more closely related to each other than any were to shovelnose sturgeon, and found many of the intermediates were consistent with hybrid ancestry. Significant population structure was found in both species, with pallid sturgeon populations being more genetically differentiated than shovelnose sturgeon populations. Results indicate that local broodstock should be used for hatchery supplementation of pallid sturgeon in the recovery effort, and distinct shovelnose sturgeon populations may require individual management consideration. The microsatellite data were effective at parentage analysis in pallid sturgeon, and the data were also used to create a forensic tool that is capable of identifying unknown Scaphirhynchus specimens to species. Finally, comparing genetic species discrimination to morphological species discrimination showed that both methods are required to accurately identify all potential hybrid specimens. The results of this dissertation have already been presented to the pallid sturgeon recovery team, and are being incorporated in the pallid sturgeon recovery effort.
Book Synopsis Missouri River Planning by : National Research Council
Download or read book Missouri River Planning written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-24 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the flow of sediment in the Missouri River has been as important as the flow of water for a variety of river functions. The sediment has helped form a dynamic network of islands, sandbars, and floodplains, and provided habitats for native species. Further downstream, sediment transported by the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has helped build and sustain the coastal wetlands of the Mississippi River delta. The construction of dams and river bank control structures on the Missouri River and its tributaries, however, has markedly reduced the volume of sediment transported by the river. These projects have had several ecological impacts, most notably on some native fish and bird species that depended on habitats and landforms created by sediment flow. Missouri River Planning describes the historic role of sediment in the Missouri River, evaluates current habitat restoration strategies, and discusses possible sediment management alternatives. The book finds that a better understanding of the processes of sediment transport, erosion, and deposition in the Missouri River will be useful in furthering river management objectives, such as protection of endangered species and development of water quality standards.
Book Synopsis Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon by : William Dean Hintz
Download or read book Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon written by William Dean Hintz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large rivers are perhaps the most modified ecosystems worldwide. Natural flow regimes, ecosystem connectivity, and habitat have been modified for human interests, and poor water quality has resulted from urban settlement and agricultural practices. Subsequently, such changes have had deleterious effects on riverine biota and many endemic species are of critical conservation concern. Due to the inter-jurisdictional nature and economic importance of large rivers, conservation efforts must be realistic and recognize human interests. To reach that point, however, we must understand behavioral and ecological patterns and processes at multiple scales, to ensure conservation strategies are successful. Fishes have been particularly affected by modifications to large rivers. Further, freshwater roe fisheries around the world have overfished several species to the brink of extinction; among the most notable are sturgeon populations. Pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus ) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus ) are two species that occur in large rivers of the central United States. Pallid sturgeon are primarily limited to the riverscapes of the Missouri and lower Mississippi Rivers, whereas shovelnose sturgeon are more widely distributed. Pallid sturgeon are a federally endangered species in the United States and shovelnose sturgeon are federally threatened where they overlap in range with pallid sturgeon. Like other sturgeon species around the world, Scaphirhynchus sturgeon habitat has been modified and degraded by dams, extensive levee systems, and pollution. To date, our understanding of habitat needs for Scaphirhynchus sturgeon--at multiple spatial scales--remains unknown. Furthermore, basic behaviors, e.g. anti-predatory behavior or foraging behavior, have yet to be identified. The goal of my dissertation was to fill knowledge gaps in Scaphirhynchus sturgeon behavior, ecology, and conservation. First, I identified a species-loss domino-effect, which may manifest from use of Similarity of Appearance Provisions in the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The aim of the legislative action was to protect pallid sturgeon by closing the shovelnose sturgeon roe fishery where shovelnose overlap in range with pallid sturgeon (Chapter 1). It was assumed that closing the shovelnose sturgeon roe fishery to prevent bycatch of pallid sturgeon would increase the number of reproductively viable females in the wild, thereby facilitating pallid sturgeon recovery. However, I show that this response may have unintended consequences by diverting fishing effort to other economically viable species (e.g. paddlefish Polyodon spathula ) and increase poaching. Further, I suggest that protecting the shovelnose sturgeon may increase the rate of hybridization and competitive interactions between pallid and shovelnose sturgeon. I recommend such legislative action be followed by contingency plans for any unintended consequences and protections be ready for species which may experience diverted fishing effort.Regarding sturgeon behavior, I used shovelnose sturgeon as a model species to test whether sturgeon exhibit predator avoidance behavior (Chapter 2), as predators, or interactions with predators, have strong regulatory effects on populations. My experiment showed that shovelnose sturgeon do exhibit predator avoidance behavior when they encounter a catfish predator ( Ictalurus punctatus ). This was the first experiment to document such behavior in any sturgeon species and suggested that it was a learned, rather than an innate behavior. The remaining chapters of my dissertation focus on the goals of elucidating the current status of Scaphirhynchus sturgeon and habitat selection at multiple spatial scales. In Chapter 3, I estimated the population size of adult pallid sturgeon (N = 1,516) and shovelnose sturgeon (N = 82,336) in the free-flowing middle Mississippi River. My estimates highlight the critical status of pallid sturgeon, and show that shovelnose sturgeon are faring comparatively well. In the same study, I found both sturgeon species were most abundant at the downstream ends of alluvial islands. I suggest restoration of alluvial islands, which were historically present in the Mississippi River, is a realistic goal to facilitate recovery of Scaphirhynchus sturgeon. Given pallid and shovelnose sturgeon were found in highest abundance around alluvial islands (Chapter 3), I wanted to understand the uniqueness of habitat surrounding alluvial islands (Chapter 4). Hydroacoustic techniques were used to quantify the abiotic attributes, and variability in those attributes, around two alluvial island complexes. At the same time, age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon were sampled to examine whether they used similar habitats as adults. All sturgeon sampled were shovelnose sturgeon, but similar to Chapter 3, I found that the greatest abundance of age-0 sturgeon occurred at the downstream ends of the alluvial islands, particularly on the main channel side. This area had intermediate variability in depth and velocity, and contained sand dunes. I also found that vegetation was an important attribute of the islands, mostly when inundated by high spring flows. I suggest that if island restoration is pursued, as in Chapter 3, abiotic attributes identified in Chapter 4 should be replicated. Alluvial islands represent a coarse, albeit important, scale at which habitat is relevant to Scaphirhynchus sturgeon. However, for several abiotic attributes and mesohabitats that affect habitat selection by sturgeon, it is difficult to elucidate their relevance at the individual scale due to high flows, turbidity, and depth of large riverscapes like those of the Mississippi River. Therefore, carefully designed laboratory experiments are an alternative means of identifying pattern and process relevant to individuals. Velocity is an important abiotic attribute that influences the distribution of individuals in lotic ecosystems (e.g., Chapter 4). The goal of Chapter 5 was to evaluate how swimming behavior of Scaphirhynchus sturgeon was affected by velocity. I designed an experiment to specifically test whether sturgeon swimming behavior evolved in a way that reduced the energetic cost of occupying river energy landscapes. Further, a dynamic state variable model was developed to assess the optimal behavioral decision based on the expectation of food and energetic costs. Both pallid and shovelnose sturgeon showed a tendency to occupy faster velocity, but their swimming behavior from the experiment was consistent with cost minimization. The dynamic program revealed that the expectation of food and costs associated with the experimental energy landscape influenced the probability of a sturgeon moving upstream, downstream, or station holding. It appears the suite of swimming behaviors exhibited by fluvial specialists like pallid and shovelnose sturgeon may have evolved to maximize net energy gain. Lastly, I examined mesohabitat selection by age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon (Chapter 6). Like velocity, substrates and other benthic structures can influence the distribution of individuals. I tested selection of four common mesohabitat types nested within alluvial island complexes: 1) sand only substratum with no structure, 2) sand substratum with sand dune structure, 3) sand substratum with simulated vegetation, and 4) a gravel only substratum. Sturgeon almost completely avoided gravel substrate and selected for the sand substratum, structure-less mesohabitat, followed by the mesohabitat with a sand dune. Vegetated habitat retained less sturgeon than these two habitats but more than the gravel mesohabitat. Scaled to the population level, the patterns revealed in Chapter 6 could have implications for the macro-distribution of both species. In summary, I hope that the illustration of a species-loss domino-effect will be considered in the conservation of threatened and endangered species. The issue of diverted effort, in particular, must be recognized when species are protected in a limited fashion to prevent or anticipate harvest cascading to other valuable and/or vulnerable species. We must also consider acquiring basic knowledge of sturgeon behavior if we are to understand how best to conserve them. Herein, the identification of predator avoidance behavior in shovelnose sturgeon suggests that predators in the wild may have regulatory effects on the distribution of young sturgeon. I also identified how Scaphirhynchus sturgeon--behaviorally--navigate large river velocity landscapes. Such contributions regarding sturgeon behavior have largely gone undescribed--I hope the present work will provide a framework for future ethological study. Lastly, my work has implications for the rehabilitation of large, sand-dominated rivers. Specifically, my research suggests the restoration of alluvial islands in the free-flowing Mississippi River will contribute to the recovery of Scaphirhynchus sturgeon. Restoration efforts should be mindful, though, of 1) the attributes that retain sturgeon, 2) habitat selection at multiple scales, and 3) selection differences among species at various scales. These considerations will assist in facilitating the success of large-river conservation programs.