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A Computer Assisted Synoptic Key To Common Penicillium Species And Their Teleomorphs
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Book Synopsis A Computer Assisted Synoptic Key to Common Penicillium Species and Their Teleomorphs by : Maren A. Klich
Download or read book A Computer Assisted Synoptic Key to Common Penicillium Species and Their Teleomorphs written by Maren A. Klich and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods For Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification by : Robert A. Samson
Download or read book Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods For Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification written by Robert A. Samson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many species of penicillium and aspergillus are important in biotechnology, food, medicine, biodeterioration and other applied fields, so a practical and stable taxonomy is of vital importance. Recent developments in science and technology mean that taxonomic classification is no longer confined to classical morphological concepts, and the integrat
Book Synopsis Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification by : Robert A. Samson
Download or read book Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification written by Robert A. Samson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our view, the First International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop held in Baarn and Amsterdam in May, 1985, was a great success. The assembly in one place of so many specialists in these two genera produced both interesting viewpoints and lively discussions. But more particularly, a remarkable cohesion of ideas emerged, borne primarily of the realisation that taxonomy has passed from the hands of the solitary morphologist. The future of taxonomy lay in collaborative and multidisciplinary studies embracing morphology, physiology and newer methodologies. Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was borne logically The Second International from the first, and was held in Baarn on May 8-12, 1989. It was attended by 38 scientists from 16 countries. At this Workshop we have attempted to move further into new methods, especially by bringing together molecular biologists, medical and food mycologists and biochemists as well as more traditional taxonomists. We feel that the meeting contributed greatly to dialogue between taxonomists, and also fundamental and applied mycologists. At the meeting, we became aware that the approach to taxonomy of these genera is now becoming more pragmatic, with an increasing emphasis on consensus, and on stability of names. This is a noteworthy development, which we, as editors, welcome. So many species in Penicillium and Aspergillus are economically important in biotechnology, foods and medicine, and practical, stable taxonomy is of vital importance. These Proceedings comprise 40 papers divided into 9 chapters.
Book Synopsis Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics by : Robert Samson
Download or read book Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics written by Robert Samson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Health Significance of Urban Pests by : Xavier Bonnefoy
Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]
Book Synopsis Systematics and Evolution by : David McLaughlin
Download or read book Systematics and Evolution written by David McLaughlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-09-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a des criptive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for self incompatibility, termed "heterothallism", and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type specificities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgetf, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genet ics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa, led to the one gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.
Book Synopsis The Fusarium Laboratory Manual by : John F. Leslie
Download or read book The Fusarium Laboratory Manual written by John F. Leslie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive collection of photographs and descriptions of species in the fungal genus Fusarium is available. This laboratory manual provides an overview of the biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved in the isolation, identification and characterization of individual species and the populations in which they occur. It is the first time that genetic, morphological and molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume devoted to Fusarium identification. The authors include descriptions of species, both new and old, and provide protocols for genetic, morphological and molecular identification techniques. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual also includes some of the evolutionary biology and population genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding of agriculturally important fungal pathogens. In addition to practical “how-to” protocols it also provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining answers about this very important group of fungi. The need for as many different techniques as possible to be used in the identification and characterization process has never been greater. These approaches have applications to fungi other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume presents an introduction to the genus Fusarium, the toxins these fungi produce and the diseases they can cause. "The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a milestone in the study of the genus Fusarium and will help bridge the gap between morphological and phylogenetic taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing with Fusarium in the Third Millenium." --W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa
Book Synopsis Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphology of Cytospora Species and Related Teleomorphs (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) from Eucalyptus by : Pedro W. Crous
Download or read book Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphology of Cytospora Species and Related Teleomorphs (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) from Eucalyptus written by Pedro W. Crous and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cytospora species and their Valsa teleomorphs are commonly found on Eucalyptus trees and some of these have been associated with stem canker diseases. The taxonomy of these fungi has been confused and has in many cases hindered pathology studies. This study was based on extensive collections of Cytospora species and their teleomorphs from Eucalyptus trees in Africa, Australia, Central and South America, Southeast Asia and California. Sixty-two Cytospora and three Cytospora-like isolates from Eucalyptus, yielding 33 unique ITS-rDNA sequences, were compared for homology to Cytospora species from other hosts. Phylogenetic analysis clustered isolates of Cytospora from Eucalyptus into at least 15 unrelated groups. The Cytospora-like isolates that morphologically resembled Cytospora clustered in a separate group, which is related to Phomopsis. Morphology of the fungi was examined on natural subtrates and in culture in order to identify distinctive characters linked to the phylogenetic lineages emerging from DNA sequence analyses. The specimens from Eucalyptus included morphological features encompassing the Cytospora infrageneric sections Cytospora, Lamyella, Leucocytospora, and Torsellia with the majority residing in sect. Lamyella. Several species exhibited morphological characteristics of more than one section and other species had unique characteristics not represented in the established sections. Phylogenetic inference did not support the sections that have been established based on morphological characteristics. The concepts underlying the establishment of sections in Valsa and Cytospora were, therefore, discarded and descriptive terms have been introduced to distinguish between ascostroma and locule forms. Descriptions of Cytospora australiae, C. eucalyptina, C. eucalypticola, and the anamorphs of Valsa eucalypti and Leucostoma sequoiae have been emended based on morphological studies of cross-sections of holotype and isotype specimens. Teleomorphs associated with Cytospora specimens on Eucalyptus have been described from Australia, California, Chile, Congo, Hawaii, India and Uganda. Each teleomorph had unique morphological characteristics and DNA sequence but several conformed to the broad description of Valsa ceratosperma, even though they resided in separate phylogenetic lineages. Additionally, sequences for V. ceratosperma on hosts other than Eucalyptus resided in separate lineages and were different from all of the isolates from Eucalyptus. One of the lineages, commonly found on Quercus, was recognised as corresponding to the original species concept and was designated as V. ceratosperma sensu stricto (= V. ceratophora). Results of this study have shown that numerous genetically distinct lineages of Cytospora and Cytospora-like fungi occur on Eucalyptus, and that the current description of V. ceratosperma encompases several distinctly different fungi. Leucostoma sequoiae and V. eugeniae were found on Eucalyptus, and V. eucalypti and L. sequoiae have been synonymised. Cultural characteristics including colony colour, pycnidium structure, cardinal temperatures for growth, and tolerance to cycloheximide have been described for the species. Several new species of Valsa and Cytospora from Eucalyptus have also been delimited based on morphological characteristics. This wide-ranging study should contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomy of Cytospora spp. and their teleomoprhs, particularly on Eucalyptus. It is also hoped that this will lead to improved management strategies for diseases associated with these fungi.
Book Synopsis Methods for the Mycological Examination of Food by : A.D. King Jr.
Download or read book Methods for the Mycological Examination of Food written by A.D. King Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The desirability, indeed the necessity, for standardization of methods for the examination of foods for contaminant and spoilage mycoflora has been apparent for some time. The concept of a specialist workshop to address this problem was borne during conversations at the Gordon Research Conference on "Hicrobiological Safety of Foods" in Plymouth, New Hampshire, in July 1982. Discussions at that time resulted in an Organizing Committee of four, who became the Editors, and a unique format: all attendees would be expected to contribute and, in most cases, more than once; and papers in nearly all sessions would be presented as a set of data on a single topic, not as a complete research paper. Each session would be followed by general discussion, and then a panel would formulate recommendations for approval by a final plenary session. The idea for this format was derived from the famous "Kananaskis I" workshop on Hyphomycete taxonomy and terminology organized by Bryce Kendrick of the University of Waterloo, Ontario in 1969. Attendance would necessarily be limited to a small group of specialists in food mycology. The scope of the workshop developed from answers to questionnaires circulated to prospective participants. To generate new data which would allow valid comparisons to be drawn, intending participants were given a variety of topics as assignments and asked to bring information obtained to the workshop.
Book Synopsis A Handbook of Tropical Soil Biology by : Fatima M. S. Moreira
Download or read book A Handbook of Tropical Soil Biology written by Fatima M. S. Moreira and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical handbook describes sampling and laboratory assessment methods for the biodiversity of a number of key functional groups of soil organisms, including insects, earthworms, nematodes, fungi and bacteria. The methods have been assembled and the protocols drafted by a number of scientists associated with the UNEP-GEF funded Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity Project, executed by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) Institute of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). The methods provide a standardized basis for characterizing soil biodiversity and current land uses in terrestrial natural, semi-natural and agroecosystems in tropical forests and at forest margins. The aim is to assess soil biodiversity against current and historic land use practices both at plot and landscape scales and, further, to identify opportunities for improved sustainable land management through the introduction, management or remediation of soil biota, thus reducing the need for external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. The book also contains extensive advice on the handling of specimens and the allocation of organisms to strain or functional group type. Published with TSBF-CIAT, CTA, UNEP and GEF
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Mathematical Taxonomy by : G. Dunn
Download or read book An Introduction to Mathematical Taxonomy written by G. Dunn and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students of mathematical biology discover modern methods of taxonomy with this text, which introduces taxonomic characters, the measurement of similarity, and the analysis of principal components. Other topics include multidimensional scaling, cluster analysis, identification and assignment techniques, more. A familiarity with matrix algebra and elementary statistics are the sole prerequisites.
Book Synopsis Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants by : Devendra K. Choudhary
Download or read book Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants written by Devendra K. Choudhary and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on food safety, this book highlights the importance of microbes in sustainable agriculture. Plants, sessile organisms that are considered as primary producers in the ecosystem and communicate with above- and below-ground communities that consist of microbes, insects, and other vertebrate and invertebrate animals, are subjected to various kinds of stress. Broadly speaking, these can be subdivided into abiotic and biotic stresses. Plants have evolved to develop elaborate mechanisms for coping with and adapting to the environmental stresses. Among other stresses, habitat-imposed biotic stress is one serious condition causing major problems for crop productivity. Most plants employ plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to combat and protect themselves from stresses and also for better growth. PGPMs are bacteria associated with plant roots and they augment plant productivity and immunity. They are also defined as root-colonizing bacteria that have beneficial effects on plant growth and development. Remarkably, PGPMs including mycorrhizae, rhizobia, and rhizobacteria (Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Frankia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, Thiobacillus) form associations with plant roots and can promote plant growth by increasing plants’ access to soil minerals and protecting them against pathogens. To combat the pathogens causing different diseases and other biotic stresses, PGPMs produce a higher level of resistance in addition to plants’ indigenous immune systems in the form of induced systemic resistance (ISR). The ISR elicited by PGPMs has suppressed plant diseases caused by a range of pathogens in both the greenhouse and field. As such, the role of these microbes can no longer be ignored for sustainable agriculture. Today, PGPMs are also utilized in the form of bio-fertilizers to increase plant productivity. However, the use of PGPMs requires a precise understanding of the interactions between plants and microbes, between microbes and microbiota, and how biotic factors influence these relationships. Consequently, continued research is needed to develop new approaches to boost the efficiency of PGPMs and to understand the ecological, genetic and biochemical relationships in their habitat. The book focuses on recent research concerning interactions between PGPMs and plants under biotic stress. It addresses key concerns such as – 1. The response of benign microbes that benefit plants under biotic stress 2. The physiological changes incurred in plants under harsh conditions 3. The role of microbial determinants in promoting plant growth under biotic stress The book focuses on a range of aspects related to PGPMs such as their mode of action, priming of plant defence and plant growth in disease challenged crops, multifunctional bio-fertilizers, PGPM-mediated disease suppression, and the effect of PGPMs on secondary metabolites etc. The book will be a valuable asset to researchers and professionals working in the area of microbial-mediated support of plants under biotic stress.
Book Synopsis Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification by : Robert A. Samson
Download or read book Modern Concepts in Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification written by Robert A. Samson and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 1990-07-31 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our view, the First International Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop held in Baarn and Amsterdam in May, 1985, was a great success. The assembly in one place of so many specialists in these two genera produced both interesting viewpoints and lively discussions. But more particularly, a remarkable cohesion of ideas emerged, borne primarily of the realisation that taxonomy has passed from the hands of the solitary morphologist. The future of taxonomy lay in collaborative and multidisciplinary studies embracing morphology, physiology and newer methodologies. Penicillium and Aspergillus Workshop was borne logically The Second International from the first, and was held in Baarn on May 8-12, 1989. It was attended by 38 scientists from 16 countries. At this Workshop we have attempted to move further into new methods, especially by bringing together molecular biologists, medical and food mycologists and biochemists as well as more traditional taxonomists. We feel that the meeting contributed greatly to dialogue between taxonomists, and also fundamental and applied mycologists. At the meeting, we became aware that the approach to taxonomy of these genera is now becoming more pragmatic, with an increasing emphasis on consensus, and on stability of names. This is a noteworthy development, which we, as editors, welcome. So many species in Penicillium and Aspergillus are economically important in biotechnology, foods and medicine, and practical, stable taxonomy is of vital importance. These Proceedings comprise 40 papers divided into 9 chapters.
Book Synopsis Molecular Identification of Fungi by : Youssuf Gherbawy
Download or read book Molecular Identification of Fungi written by Youssuf Gherbawy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi enjoy great popularity in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in the decipherment of whole fungal genomes promise an acceleration of these trends. This timely book links scientists from different parts of the world who are interested in the molecular identification of fungi combined with the exploration of the fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems. It provides a compendium for scientists who rely on a rapid and reliable detection of fungal specimens in environmental as well as clinical resources in order to ensure the benefit of industrial and clinical applications. Chapters focus on the opportunities and limits of the molecular marker-mediated identification of fungi. Various methods, procedures and strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the book offers an update of the current progress in the development of fungal molecular techniques, and draws attention to potential and associated problems, as well as integrating theory and practice.
Book Synopsis Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development by : Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
Download or read book Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development written by Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. Due to their immense range of habitats, and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi, bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms. However, besides their major basic positive role in the cycling of minerals, organic matter and mobilizing insoluble nutrients, fungi have other beneficial impacts: they are considered good sources of food and active agents for a number of industrial processes involving fermentation mechanisms as in the bread, wine and beer industry. A number of fungi also produce biologically important metabolites such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics and several products of important pharmaceutical use; still others are involved in the production of single cell proteins. The economic value of these marked positive activities has been estimated as approximating to trillions of US dollars. The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. Since ancient Egyptians mentioned in their medical prescriptions how they can use green molds in curing wounds as the obvious historical uses of penicillin, fungi can be grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential. Volume 1 of Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development provides an overview to understanding fungal diversity from diverse habitats and their industrial application for future sustainability. It encompasses current advanced knowledge of fungal communities and their potential biotechnological applications in industry and allied sectors. The book will be useful to scientists, researchers, and students of microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, and environmental biology.
Book Synopsis Fungi and Food Spoilage by : John I. Pitt
Download or read book Fungi and Food Spoilage written by John I. Pitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as a laboratory guide for the food microbiologist, to assist in the isolation and identification of common food-borne fungi. We emphasise the fungi which cause food spoilage, but also devote space to the fungi commonly encountered in foods at harvest, and in the food factory. As far as possible, we have kept the text simple, although the need for clarity in the descriptions has necessitated the use of some specialised mycological terms. The identification keys have been designed for use by microbiologists with little or no prior knowledge of mycology. For identification to genus level, they are based primarily on the cultural and physiological characteristics of fungi grown under a standardised set of conditions. The microscopic features of the various fungi become more important when identifying isolates at the species level. Nearly all of the species treated have been illustrated with colony photographs, together with photomicrographs or line drawings. The photomicrographs were taken using a Zeiss WL microscope fitted with Nomarski interference contrast optics. We are indebted to Mr W. Rushton and Ms L. Burton, who printed the many hundreds of photographs used to make up the figures in this book. We also wish to express out appreciation to Dr D.L. Hawksworth, Dr A.H.S.
Book Synopsis Microorganisms in Saline Environments: Strategies and Functions by : Bhoopander Giri
Download or read book Microorganisms in Saline Environments: Strategies and Functions written by Bhoopander Giri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest findings on the microbial ecology of saline habitats, plant-microbe interactions under saline conditions, and saline soil reclamation for agricultural use. The content is divided into four main parts: Part I outlines the definition of salinity, its genesis and impacts, and microbial diversity in saline habitats. Part II deals with impact of salinity on microbial and plant life/health. Part III highlights plant – microbe interactions in saline environments, and Part IV describes strategies for mitigation and reclamation of saline soils. The salinization of arable land is steadily increasing in many parts of the world. An excessive concentration of soluble salts (salinity) in soils or irrigation water adversely affects plant growth and survival. This problem is exacerbated in arid and semiarid areas due to their low precipitation and high evaporation rates. In turn, poor management practices and policies for using river water for the irrigation of agriculture crops often lead to the secondary salinization of soils. Considering the growing demands of a constantly expanding population, understanding the microbial ecology and interactions under saline conditions and their implications for sustainable agriculture is of utmost importance. Providing both an essential review of the status quo and a future outlook, this book represents a valuable asset for researchers, environmentalists and students working in microbiology and agriculture. .
