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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (915 download)
Download or read book A Comparison of the Body Shapes of Young Swazi Women with Those of Body Forms Used in Apparel Manufacturing written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bukisile P. Makhanya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Boby Shape Characteristics, Body Cathexis and Apparel Fit Preferences and Problems of African Caucasian Women written by Bukisile P. Makhanya and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apparel firms base their sizing systems on a standard figure. The South African apparel industry adapted an old British sizing system that is not only foreign but is also out dated and inaccurate. Consumer populations consist of varied body shapes and sizes. Yet the South African industry like a majority of apparel industries around the world does not cater for figure shape variations. Consequently, consumers whose body shape characteristics differ from the ideal figure are likely to experience fit problems from the standard apparel. Ready-to-wear (RTW) apparel fit problems are further compounded if the target population consists of diverse ethnic groups, as body shapes, sizes and proportions differ between ethnic groups. An individual‟s body shape characteristics and ethnicity influence one‟s body cathexis. Furthermore, consumers of different body shapes and ethnicity are likely to have different RTW apparel fit preferences. This research aimed to compare body measurements, measurement ratios, body cathexis, fit problems and fit preferences of 234 young African and Caucasian women selected by the purposive and snowballing techniques. This descriptive and exploratory research employed quantitative techniques for collecting and analysing the data. The data was collected using a 3-D body scanner, a questionnaire and a Body Shape Assessment Scale. Virtual body images were generated, from which measurements were extracted. Thereafter, the drop values: hip minus bust and bust minus waist circumferences were used to classify participants into different body shape categories. Virtual images were then used to confirm and adopt the assigned body shapes. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare body measurements, body cathexis, fit problems and fit preferences of the predominant African and Caucasian body shapes. The three most predominant body shapes were the triangle, the hourglass and the rectangle in varying numbers among the African and Caucasian women, showing a significant association between body shapes and ethnicity (p = 0.004). A comparison of the body measurements of the predominant shapes with those of the Caucasian hourglass, assumed to be identical to the Western ideal figure used by the apparel industry, reveal that most differences that impact on apparel fit are between the Caucasian hourglass and the Caucasian triangle, the African hourglass and the African triangle. The present study also found body shape differences between African and Caucasian women of the same body shape, which strongly points to the role of ethnicity in body shape differences. In most cases there were discrepancies between predicted and perceived fit problems. The Caucasian triangle experienced the predicted fit problems and apparel tightness around the hips and buttocks, which did not record significant differences. Even though the Caucasian rectangle did not differ much from the Caucasian hourglass, they experienced a too tight fit at the bust, stomach, abdomen, hips and thighs and not at the significantly larger waist where tight fit was predicted. Ethnicity proved to influence body shape characteristics as the African hourglass recorded a significantly smaller abdomen than the Caucasian hourglass and as predicted resulted in loose fitting skirts and trousers just below the waist. However, the African hourglass did not experience loose fit around the abdomen. The African triangular body shape had a significantly smaller bust, smaller abdomen, with larger hips, buttocks and thighs, and therefore, loose fitting in the waist of bodices and tight fitting in the lower body were as predicted. The African rectangular shape had a few minor differences compared to the Caucasian hourglass, yet they perceived a too tight fit at the bust, stomach, abdomen, hips and thighs although none of these were predicted from the body measurements. The African hourglass was the only shape that was satisfied with all body parts, while other shapes were dissatisfied with most of the lower body parts. Although almost all the predominant body shapes mostly experienced a too tight fit at stomach and abdomen and lower body parts, all except the Caucasian rectangular, preferred closely fitted apparel at all body parts, despite their dissatisfaction.
Author : Amukelani Muthambi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book Proposed Sizing for Young South African Women of African Descent with Triangular Shaped Bodies written by Amukelani Muthambi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In South Africa, a representative anthropometric study of South African women has never been undertaken, as such little is known about the body shapes of South African women. Nevertheless, research on the body shapes of South African women is ongoing (Makhanya, 2012). According to the preliminary findings of Makhanya's (2012) research, 59.26% of South African female students of African descent have a triangular body shape. The triangular body shape differs from the ideal body shape that ready-to-wear apparel sizing is presently based on, and is a contributing factor to the problems experienced with the quality of fit of ready-to-wear apparel by South African women of African descent. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study was to develop experimental size specifications for the body measurements required for a basic sheath dress for South African female students of African descent with a triangular body shape. The students were of medium height, aged between 18 and 25 years, in the size 6/30 to size 14/38 size range, and enrolled at the University of Pretoria. The experimental size specifications were developed by statistically analysing an anthropometric database of female students of the University of Pretoria using regression analysis. Thereafter, the quality of fit attained from the experimental size specifications and the traditional (i.e. current) size specifications was evaluated to determine whether the experimental size specifications offer the unit of analysis with improved overall quality of fit. A panel of professionals with experience in apparel fit evaluation evaluated the quality of fit of the test garments. The test garments developed from the experimental size specifications were considered by the panel of professionals to offer the unit of analysis with improved overall quality of fit. The findings of the study suggest that South African ready-to-wear apparel sizing needs to accommodate the different body shapes found in South Africa.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Garment Fit on Developed Customised Size-chart for Full-figured, Pear-shaped South African Women written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The categorisation of body shape by precise measurements is very crucial for every country, particularly in multi-ethnic societies, such as in South Africa and the Southern African region. Such statistics aid the definition of the average individual's basic body shape and identify the differences in each population. These differences although very conspicuous among full-figured, pear-shaped women, do not seem to be acknowledged in the garments currently produced by the apparel manufacturing industry.The focus of this study was on the need for a customised size chart (CSC) for fullfigured,pear-shaped women of African descent in South Africa developed on accurate and current body measurements of live models for the women's apparel market segment. The study had three aims. The first aim is the assessment of the perceived fit problems experienced by the full-figured, pear-shaped South African women of African descent, with ready-to-wear apparel. The second aim is the development of a CSC for the full-figured, pear-shaped South African of African descent. The third aim is the evaluation of the quality of fit of standardised garments versus customised garments on full-figured, pear-shaped South African women of African descent.The study was conducted using the quantitative research and qualitative approach to collect information from the women on their perceived fit problems through the use of a questionnaire. The design employed was exploratory because of the newness of sizing system for this group, using primary exploratory methods to obtain body measurements and body image with a digital camera for analysis for the development of a customised size chart for the women. A basic block pattern was developed based on the CSC for the construction of test garments that were compared with garments constructed based on the standardised size chart to determine the fit on full-figured, pear-shaped South African woman of African descent. The key results of the study, according to the research aims, were that the perceived fit problems of the women were described, their critical fit problems and the availability of fitting garments were determined. A CSC for full-figured, pear-shaped South African women was developed, and a dependable and reliable regression model for size chart determination for the pear-shaped South African women was established. The best pattern drafting method for the developed customised size chart was determined by drafting three sets of basic block patterns, of dresses, pants/trousers, and skirts. According to three pattern books, namely the Armstrong Pattern Making for Fashion Design (2010) (USA), the Aldrich Metric Cutting for Women (2014) (UK) and the Modellismo Pattern Book (2018) (Italian), patterns were drafted and garments constructed and fitted on a full-figured, pear-shaped model. A choice of Aldrich pattern book method was made based on the result of the Kappa statistic and the pattern book's closer fit on the upper torso of the pear-shaped women. The customised test garments fitted better than standardised test garments, and a conceptual model for the production of apparel for the pear-shaped body was created. Recommendations regarding further research were communicated at the end of the research, such as comparing study population categories, namely women of younger and older ages, the out-size group, and other population groups. The findings avail new possibilities for manufacturers, retailers, and consumers alike. The implementation of this CSC is expected to result in increased sales and reduced returns due to a poor fit, which will consequently mean greater customer satisfaction and increased lucrativeness for retailers.
Author : Anne Mastamet-Mason
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book An Explication of the Problems with Apparel Fit Experienced by Female Kenyan Consumers in Terms of Their Unique Body Shape Characteristics written by Anne Mastamet-Mason and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems related to apparel fit stem from a variety of factors, such as an outdated anthropometric database from which sizing systems could be developed, lack of and/or inadequate classified body forms, non-standardised communication of sizing and fit and non-standardised fit quality management, amongst the clothing industries (Chun-Yoon & Jasper, 1996: Holzman, 1996: Winks, 1997: Desmarteau, 2000: Anderson, Brannon, Ulrich, Presley: Woronka: Grasso & Stevenson, 2001: Ashdown, 2003: Simmons & Istook, 2004). Anthropometric data in Kenya was taken in 1975 and the measurements were obtained from girls and women of Kenya's learning institutions and organisations (KEBS, 2001). The source of the original data from which the size tables were derived is obscure, to authenticate the quality of the techniques and instruments used for the data collection. Apparently, there is no known research that has been carried out on clothing anthropometry, sizing (body measurements) and fit (body shape) for women. In the absence of representative sizing systems, wrong styles and sizes based on estimates and not on the actual sizes and body shapes of women consumers in Kenya, contribute to fit problems. Consumers' lack of knowledge about size (body measurements) and fit (body shape) issues also contributes to the disillusionment, confusion and inappropriate apparel selection. Consumers' fit preferences contribute to fit problems, if the available styles do not consider consumers' body shapes, and even further, if the consumers are uninformed about their shapes and how to dress accordingly. The aim of this research was therefore to identify and describe distinctive female body shapes of career women in Kenya using body dimensions and photographs, to describe the differences between the emerging distinctive body shapes (measurements and photographs) and the Western distinctive shapes, and to finally describe and analyse implications for the fit of apparel associated with the emerging distinctive body shapes of Kenya's career women. It also intended to assess and describe career women's self-perceived fit issues with the ready-made apparel in Kenya, to determine and describe Kenyan career women's knowledge about the communication of size (key body dimensions) and fit (body shapes), and also to determine and describe career women's fit preferences for differently fitted apparel items in Kenya. This research is descriptive as an attempt is made to describe and understand body shape(s) and tendencies in consumers' behaviour regarding fit issues. It is exploratory as it aims to obtain insight into a relatively new area of study, namely identification of the most prevalent (distinctive) body shape of Kenya's career women, consumers' perceived size and fit issues, their knowledge about size and fit, and their fit preferences. Various theories were consulted and adapted in this study, while practical training in anthropometry and photography was undertaken to ensure that measurements and photographs were taken accurately and reliably. Traditional anthropometric-related theories and standards of obtaining body measurements were consulted and applied. Photography rules were set and observed while photographing the women. Phase one of the study focused on the variables in the body characteristics thought to be appropriate for identifying and describing distinctive female body shapes. Phase two applied the quantitative research that focused on the variables obtained from fit problems with apparel, the communication of size and fit, and fit preferences. A structured questionnaire was used to get the broader picture of the respondents' perceived fit problems, their knowledge about the communication of size and fit, as well as their fit preferences for differently fitted apparel items. The questionnaire measured specific dimensions of fit problems with apparel, the communication of size and fit, as well as fit preferences. The body dimensions that were recorded, body evaluations, and the responses to the questionnaire were coded, captured and analysed. It is apparent from this study that the most dominant body shape is a curvy rectangular shape that differs not only from the ideal (hourglass) body shape, but also from the Western (USA) prevalent straight rectangular shape. The fit problems such as tight hips, crotch, bust and stomach experienced by Kenya's career women are therefore inevitable, as confirmed by the dissatisfaction with the unavailability of appropriate styles for their sizes and shapes. It is clear that most Kenyan female consumers are familiar with the non-informative lettered and numbered size labels, but unfamiliar with size label terms that represent established body types. They understand neither the meanings of various size and fit descriptions, nor their own key body dimensions: this leads to confusion as to where the cause of their problems lies. Apparently most Kenyan career women consumers prefer fitted and semi-fitted skirts and jackets. In the absence of a distinctive body shape in Kenya, it is possible that the available styles do not cater for their curvy rectangular body shape: hence, they experience fit problems. Consumers' lack of knowledge about body shape may also lead to inappropriate fit preferences that do not take into account their distinctive body shape and its critical fit points. This study makes certain recommendations to the ready-made apparel industry in Kenya and foreign companies that export their apparel items to Kenya, government agencies such as the Kenya Bureau of Standards, and to consumer-oriented organisations. The results contribute to the body of knowledge regarding the theory of apparel size and fit, Ashdown's sizing systems theory, research methodology theory, and consumer education theory.
Author : United States. Department of Commerce. Office of Technical Services
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.M/5 ( download)
Download or read book Body Measurements for the Sizing of Women's Patterns and Apparel written by United States. Department of Commerce. Office of Technical Services and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Minah Thembi Nkambule
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)
Download or read book Apparel Sizing and Fit Preferences and Problems of Plus-size Swazi Working Women written by Minah Thembi Nkambule and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clothes are not only for body protection and covering, but they also have social and emotional aspects attached to them. For them to be appealing, they need to have a proper fit while remaining fashionable and aesthetically pleasing to the eye (Anderson, Brannon, Ulrich, Presley & Woronka, Grasso & Gray,2000: Yoo, 2003). Swaziland has a large population of plus-size women who are working in different departments and need to dress for the job on a daily basis. Their apparel sizing and fit preferences and problems are not known. This research investigates apparel sizing and fit preferences and problems of the plus-size Swazi working women. It concentrates specifically on the functional, aesthetic and economic fit preferences, as well as on determining size labelling preferences, knowledge and clothing styles preferences and problems. This was a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Purposive sampling was used. This design was chosen as it focused on studying plus-size working women who were experiencing fit problems with the apparel they bought from local apparel retail shops. A survey using a questionnaire to collect data was done in exploring apparel sizing and fit problems and preferences of plus-size working women of Swaziland. A sample of plus-size Swazi working female teachers (n = 249) between the ages of 25 and 60 years who had indicated that they wore clothes of size 16 to 28+ or size 40 to 52+ participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to answer set objectives. The results of the study indicated that the plus-size Swazi working women preferred clothes that were functionally comfortable, fitted well and were made in comfortable fabric. They also indicated that they preferred clothes that were well sized, had a fit that was functional, sensually and emotionally pleasing in respect of style, the fabric used and comfort. The study also reflected that plus-size Swazi working women experienced sizing and fit problems in most of the apparel they bought from local retail outlets. A high number of the plus-size women consumers reported experiencing difficulty in finding clothes that were aesthetically pleasing. They could not find clothes that were fashionable in their size nor clothes that could satisfy their emotional and symbolic egos. A high number of respondents also indicated that they experienced a lot of fit problems on several areas of their bodies. The waist, hips, buttocks, abdomen and upper arms seemed to be the most problematic body areas respondents reported to be having fit problems. The lengths were also a challenge as most had problems with sleeve and pants length. Findings in this study also reflected that sizing in clothes was still a major problem for most of the plus-size consumers. Many of the respondents had problems understanding information on the size tags. The sizing systems were most probably confusing for the consumer as some came in varying numbers and letters. This study may contribute to a better understanding of sizing and fit preferences and problems experienced by the plussize Swazi working women with regard to work apparel. Consumers come in different shapes and sizes. The clothing producer has a task of ensuring that clothes are made to fit most of the prevailing figure types, rather than the common ideal figure.
Author : Li Ma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (532 download)
Download or read book Exploring Apparel Fit for Women written by Li Ma and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hwa Kyung Song
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (854 download)
Download or read book Categorization of Women's Lower Body Shapes Using Multi-view 3D Body Scan Measurements, and Development of Shape-driven Automated Custom Patterns written by Hwa Kyung Song and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, automated customization is considered as a promising way of improving garment fit. This research addressed the commercial systems that use 3D body measurements to generate custom fit patterns by applying automated alterations to a graded pattern. The goal of this study was to test whether improved customization could occur if the process is started from base patterns that are balanced and corrected for each customer's figure type and posture. Data collection and analysis intertwined in this multi-step project which consists of (stage 1) statistical analysis for lower body shape categorization based on 2,981 women aged 18 to 35 from SizeUSA data, identifying three distinct shape groups, (stage 2) development of basic block pants patterns in each body shape by fitting three representative women in each of the three shape groups, and (stage 3) validation of the use of the basic block patterns for different shape groups in a custom fit process by comparing the fit of two pairs of pants on 27 study participants (9 women in each group); one pair was generated from the automated custom patternmaking system using a standard base pattern, and the other pair was generated using the appropriate block pattern driven by body shape. In stage 1, five components were identified to represent distinctive shapes from the silhouette and profile views of the lower body using principal component analysis: PC1: body measurements that define waist to top hip silhouette, PC2: body measurements that define top hip to hip silhouette, PC3: body measurements that define buttocks prominence, z-score 1: the drop of front abdomen depth to waist front depth, and z-score 2: the drop of front abdomen depth to front hip depth. From cluster analysis, three body shape groups were found: group 1 (curvy shape) has the curviest silhouette between waist level and top hip level, and the most prominent abdomen among the three groups; group 2 (hip tilt shape) has the most prominent buttocks, and their lower body is tilted toward the back; group 3 (straight shape) has a non-curvy silhouette and less prominent buttocks. From 83 participants, 3 primary fit models for development of base block patterns and 9 fit testers for validation of the use of the basic block patterns in a custom fit process were selected for each group. From 83 participants, 3 fit models (one primary) were chosen for each shape group for stage 2, and 9 participants from each shape group were selected for stage 3. In stage 3 an automated custom-made system for which alterations started from the three block patterns driven by body shape was developed, and the fit of pants (type A) developed from this system was compared with the fit of pants (type B) created from an automated custom-made system using a single block pattern. Evaluation of fit was conducted by 3 experts and by the 27 wearers. The results of experts' evaluations showed that type A provided significantly better fit at waist ease, waist placement, crotch length, and side seam placement. At abdomen ease, buttocks ease, front crotch ease, front thigh ease, and side seam location, type A was also judged to have a tendency to exhibit better fit even though the differences of the two types were not significantly different. At back crotch ease, thigh ease, and inseam length, type B had a tendency to exhibit equal or better fit, but the fit variables were not significantly different and the values of the differences were not large. Wearers' fit analysis showed some similar responses to those of the expert analysis.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (999 download)
Download or read book Body Measurements for the Sizing of Women's Patterns and Apparel written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose is to provide standard classifications, size designations, and body measurements for consistent sizing of women's ready-to-wear apparel (Misses', Women's, Juniors', etc.) for the guidance of those engaged in producing, or preparing specifications for, patterns and ready-to-wear garments. Another purpose is to provide the consumer with a means of identifying her body type and size from the wide range of body types covered, and enable her to be fitted properly by the same size regardless of price, type of apparel, or manufacturer of the garment.
Author : Rashanta A. Bledman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (872 download)
Download or read book The Ideal Body Shape of African American College Women written by Rashanta A. Bledman and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research has examined Black women's body image from a traditional Eurocentric perspective. This has resulted in Black women reporting more positive body image because the research methodology and focus is solely on whether or not these women want to be thin. Rather than focusing on the actual weight on the scales, the overarching goal of this study was to change the focus of body image research with Black women to that of shape and size satisfaction, rather than weight and thinness. Specifically, this study is one of the firsts to examine the ideal body shape of African American women, focusing on level of satisfaction with areas of the body (i.e. the mid and lower torso). Seventy-nine African American women enrolled at the University of Missouri completed an online survey with several instruments designed to measure concerns about body shape and experiences of feeling fat, body image and weight-related concerns, and shape satisfaction. Several regression analyses demonstrated that satisfaction with mid and lower torso significantly influenced body shape satisfaction and overall appearance evaluation. Implications for future research, prevention and counseling are discussed.
Download or read book Validation of 'Female Figure Identification Technique (FFIT) for Apparel' Methodology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of sophisticated 3-dimensional body measurement technologies and apparel CAD systems has allowed major apparel retailers to use made-to-measure as a viable marketing tool. To successfully implement mass customization strategies in the apparel industry, it is necessary to have a sophisticated body measurement technology, an integration tool that allows the body measurements to be analyzed and directed into CAD systems and a standard set of patterns that could be altered according to the customer's body shape determined from their body scan data. It is necessary to identify the standard body shapes representative of the current population upon which the standard patterns would be based. The software 'Female Figure Identification Technique (FFIT) for Apparel' (Simmons, 2002) developed at the College of Textiles of North Carolina State University has identified nine different shapes from a convenience sample of 253 female subjects. It is the only software currently available that uses three-dimensional data in acquiring the body shapes of females. It is now necessary to statistically verify whether the shapes identified by the software represent the shapes of the female population of the U.S. This study was aimed at validating the software 'Female Figure Identification Technique (FFIT) for Apparel' using multivariate statistical methods. Discriminant analysis and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used for this purpose. The findings of the study show that the FFIT for Apparel software was more accurate than the discriminant function in classifying the female figures into their correct shapes. The five body measurement ratios used in the software code were better in accurately predicting the body shapes than random chance. The nine body shapes identified by the software were statistically different and they could be used as a basis to construct the standard patterns in CAD systems thus simplifying the process of customizing the patterns for eac.
Author : Melody Edmondson
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781516947546
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (475 download)
Download or read book Book 9 - Rectangle Body Shape with a Short-Waistplacement written by Melody Edmondson and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-15 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While you are trying on clothes, do you find fitted waistlines fit far below your Natural-Waistline? Do you find too many Silhouettes with distinct waistlines and find it difficult to locate Dropped-Wasisted or no-waisted gowns, coats, jackets, dresses and tops that fit your body attractively? Why it seems the dropped-waisted dresses are wedding gowns or evening ball gowns? Do you wonder why most jacket waistlines fit at your hips? Do you struggle to find jackets without nipped-in waistlines? Do you find you do not have enough length from your bustline to your Natural-waistline in order to wear belts or Silhouettes that are fitted at the waist? It is not a weight issue -- IT IS a Waistplacement issue. In this guide for Rectangle S, Short in THE SPACE OF THE WAIST(r), learn how to celebrate your Assets, maximize your style, dress with confidence, and love the body you have!
Author : Kathleen Buzicky Saladino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (215 download)
Download or read book Fit of Women's Slacks in Relation to Body Shape written by Kathleen Buzicky Saladino and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Bainbridge
Publisher : Portobello Books
ISBN 13 : 1846275512
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (462 download)
Download or read book Curvology written by David Bainbridge and published by Portobello Books. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Curvology, Cambridge Veterinary Anatomist David Bainbridge applies the science of evolutionary biology to women's bodies, to explain why the human female is the only female animal to have curves and how these curves rule our lives, by influencing not only sexual selection but also social hierarchy and self-image. Written in lucid and engaging prose, Bainbridge's unique brand of popular science also draws on illuminating references from zoology, art history, contemporary media culture, and a range of first-person interviews with some actual human women. Offering a level-headed and fresh perspective on a contentious issue, Curvology is a fascinating, controversial, and highly newsworthy read.
Download or read book 10,000 Years Later: Body Shape and Evolution in Threespine Stickleback written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Descent with modification (Darwin, 1859) overwhelmingly occurs through the process of natural selection on genetically variable traits. Following deglaciation in the Pleistocene, morphologically conservative marine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from two distinct mitochondrial DNA lineages colonized freshwater habitats on the Haida Gwaii archipelago. These freshwater populations have radiated in response to a diverse selective landscape on the archipelago and exhibit morphological diversity that equals or exceeds the known range for the species in the circumboreal distribution. I investigated the body shape of 3808 stickleback from 125 isolated populations from Haida Gwaii using geometric morphometrics. Relative warp and discriminant function analysis were used to quantify lateral shape differences based on partial warp scores. which were generated from twelve homologous landmarks digitally placed on each specimen's image. The possibility of ontogenetic shifts and sexual dimorphism of body shape were examined for each population on the archipelago. Stickleback body-shape changes during ontogeny were highly variable, and cannot be predicted by the volume and water clarity of the habitat. I found a slight sexual dimorphism in adult body shape, the magnitude of which could not be predicted by habitat volume and clarity. A number of comparisons were made to elucidate the possible causes for selection for divergence of adult body shape among Haida Gwaii populations. Body shape of parapatric lake-river stickleback populations differed significantly in concordance with hydrodynamic principles. Comparing the body shape of Haida Gwaii populations to the shape of sympatric benthic-limnetic species pairs from southwestern British Columbia. I found that benthic and limnetic body-shape ecotypes differ by up to 56% of the total variation among Haida Gwaii populations. Tests for phenotypic plasticity of body shape were conducted with two morphologically distinct stickleback.
Author : Elizabeth Anne Newcomb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book Body Shape Analysis of Hispanic Women in the United States written by Elizabeth Anne Newcomb and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Apparel sizing, SizeUSA, fit.
