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A Balanced Omega 6 Omega 3 Fatty Acid Ratio Cholesterol And Coronary Heart Disease
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Author :A.P. Simopoulos Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805592256 Total Pages :142 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis A Balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease by : A.P. Simopoulos
Download or read book A Balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease written by A.P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2009-08-12 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than half a century, the relationship between dietary factors and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been a major focus of health research. Contrary to the established view, current data suggest that dietary cholesterol is not a primary factor of or causes heart disease - with the possible exception of the genetic forms of familial hypercholesterolemias. For instance, recent clinical trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol-lowering drugs on the development of chronic heart failure, diabetes and stroke have yielded disappointing results. On the other hand, an unbalanced omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and a cholesterol intake not consistent with the amount during evolution seem to be causal factors in the development of CHD. A panel of international experts in genetics, nutrition, fatty acid, cholesterol, metabolism and coronary heart disease has contributed to this publication, summarizing and critically discussing for the first time the importance of evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and cholesterol intake relative to health and CHD. They also propose measuring blood fatty acids in the population in order to define the risk of CHD and other chronic diseases. This book will be of interest to physicians (cardiologists, gerontologists, and pediatricians), nutritionists, dieticians, health care providers, scientists in industry and government and policy makers.
Author :Artemis P. Simopoulos Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805576404 Total Pages :188 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis Omega-6/omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio by : Artemis P. Simopoulos
Download or read book Omega-6/omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on the evolutionary aspects of diet and molecular studies included in this volume indicate that human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the essential fatty acids (EFA). In fact, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 EFA was 1/1 whereas present day diets in both developed and developing countries have a much higher ratio, between 5/1 and 50/1. Additional studies show that a high ratio of omega-6/omega-3 EFA is detrimental to health and may lead to the development of chronic diseases. Improving the dietary ratio by decreasing the omega-6 fatty acids and increasing the omega-3 fatty acids is essential for brain function and for the management of cardiovascular disease, arthritis and cancer. A ratio of 4/1 or less leads to lower dosage and to the reduction of adverse effects of drugs. This volume should be of interest to a large and varied audience of researchers in academia, industry, and government; cardiologists, geneticists, immunologists, neuroscientists, and cancer specialists; as well as nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, agriculturists, economists and regulators.
Book Synopsis Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease by : Harumi Okuyama
Download or read book Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease written by Harumi Okuyama and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is organized in an exceptional way: Each chapter introduces several completed clinical trials and provides the original conclusions and discussions of the results. The authors then contribute their own comments and interpretations of the findings, challenging the prevailing belief that serum cholesterol is a mediator of disease which is increased by eating saturated fats and decreased by eating polyunsaturated fats. They argue that upon closer scrutiny, the diet recommendations based on the cholesterol hypothesis are essentially ineffective in reducing serum cholesterol levels in the long run. Instead, it is proposed that traditional cholesterol biomarkers are of different significance in short- and long-term interventions due to the feedback control mechanisms in the body. Even more important, the association of high serum cholesterol values with high coronary heart disease mortality is not consistent when different populations are compared: This mortality rate may simply reflect the incidence and severity of familial hypercholesterolemia cases. This agrees with the observation that higher serum cholesterol values associate with lower cancer and all-cause mortalities in populations with a low relative proportion of this disorder. Thus, there seems to be no benefit of limiting dietary cholesterol intake or lowering serum cholesterol values below a certain limit. Moreover, evidence has been found that the health risk results from high intakes of calories, aggravated by an unbalanced intake of omega6/omega3 polyunsaturated fats. Based on the reviewed data, new directions of lipid nutrition are recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, cancer and all-cause deaths, which will likely revolutionize current dietary practice.
Book Synopsis Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics by : H Okuyama
Download or read book Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics written by H Okuyama and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is organized in an exceptional way: Each chapter introduces several completed clinical trials and provides the original conclusions and discussions of the results. The authors then contribute their own comments and interpretations of the findings, challenging the prevailing belief that serum cholesterol is a mediator of disease which is increased by eating saturated fats and decreased by eating polyunsaturated fats. They argue that upon closer scrutiny, the diet recommendations based on the cholesterol hypothesis are essentially ineffective in reducing serum cholesterol levels in the long run. Instead, it is proposed that traditional cholesterol biomarkers are of different significance in short- and long-term interventions due to the feedback control mechanisms in the body. Even more important, the association of high serum cholesterol values with high coronary heart disease mortality is not consistent when different populations are compared: This mortality rate may simply reflect the incidence and severity of familial hypercholesterolemia cases. This agrees with the observation that higher serum cholesterol values associate with lower cancer and all-cause mortalities in populations with a low relative proportion of this disorder. Thus, there seems to be no benefit of limiting dietary cholesterol intake or lowering serum cholesterol values below a certain limit. Moreover, evidence has been found that the health risk results from high intakes of calories, aggravated by an unbalanced intake of omega6/omega3 polyunsaturated fats. Based on the reviewed data, new directions of lipid nutrition are recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, cancer and all-cause deaths, which will likely revolutionize current dietary practice.
Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Author :Artemis P. Simopoulos Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805592248 Total Pages :141 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis A Balanced Omega-6/omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease by : Artemis P. Simopoulos
Download or read book A Balanced Omega-6/omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than half a century, the relationship between dietary factors and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been a major focus of health research. Contrary to the established view, current data suggest that dietary cholesterol is not a primary factor of or causes heart disease with the possible exception of the genetic forms of familial hypercholesterolemias. For instance, recent clinical trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol-lowering drugs on the development of chronic heart failure, diabetes and stroke have yielded disappointing results. On the other hand, an unbalanced omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and a cholesterol intake not consistent with the amount during evolution seem to be causal factors in the development of CHD. A panel of international experts in genetics, nutrition, fatty acid, cholesterol, metabolism and coronary heart disease has contributed to this publication, summarizing and critically discussing for the first time the importance of evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and cholesterol intake relative to health and CHD. They also propose measuring blood fatty acids in the population in order to define the risk of CHD and other chronic diseases.This book will be of interest to physicians (cardiologists, gerontologists, and pediatricians), nutritionists, dieticians, health care providers, scientists in industry and government and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Lipid Nutrition Guidelines by : Harumi Okuyama
Download or read book Lipid Nutrition Guidelines written by Harumi Okuyama and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the publication of Ancel Keys’ watershed ‘Seven Countries Study’ in 1970, medical thinking has posited a causal link between the intake of animal fats and coronary heart disease. The research of Prof. Harumi Okuyama and his colleagues presented in this new publication suggests that this link is in fact tenuous. It goes beyond that to suggest that current medical wisdom regarding lipid nutrition may actually be counterproductive. This ground-breaking analysis is likely to be debated for many years to come. The ‘Seven Countries Study’, which identified the specifics of the Mediterranean Diet and awarded it a central position in combating coronary heart disease, triggered significant changes in Western diets. Most notably, it stimulated a widespread attempt to reduce animal fats and replace them with vegetable fats. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) element of the cholesterol naturally present in animal-source foods was dubbed a killer, and a significant industry developed around the provision of plant-based oils and fats. The clinical consensus on cholesterol was further strengthened in 1987 by the introduction of statins, an innovative class of drugs that reduce LDL production in the liver and are designed to help guard against coronary heart disease. Thirteen Nobel Prizes have been awarded to scientists who devoted major parts of their careers to cholesterol research. It is therefore a brave research team that dares to challenge the link between animal fats and coronary heart disease. This, however, is precisely what Prof. Okuyama and his team set out to do in this book. They actually recommend increasing the intake of cholesterol and animal fats, to an extent that does not lead to obesity. This recommendation is based on the discovery by Prof. Okuyama and his team that common vegetable oils such as canola and hydrogenated vegetable fats have toxic effects. They demonstrate that hydrogenated vegetable fats and oils are important culprits in atherosclerosis and other lifestyle diseases, and suggest that high total or LDL-cholesterol is not the cause of atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease. Further, they argue that current medical guidelines on lipid nutrition conflict with evidence-based research, and that persistently focusing on LDL-cholesterol as the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is counterproductive. Key findings Some types of vegetable fats and oils exhibit stroke-inducing and endocrine-disrupting activity. Their inhibition of the vitamin K2–osteocalcin link is the major cause of ASCVD and related diseases. In the current food environment, the balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids is too much in favour of omega-6, and therefore lowering the omega-6/omega-3 ratio is recommended for the prevention of allergic and inflammatory diseases including ASCVD and cancer. Atherogenesis can develop without elevated LDL-cholesterol levels and/or in association with decreasing LDL-cholesterol levels. Increased intake of vegetable fats and oils with stroke-inducing and endocrine-disrupting activities in countries with restricted intakes of animal fats and cholesterol has led to the critical situations surrounding physical and mental health currently seen in Japan, East Asia, and the Mediterranean countries. Medical care professionals continue to insist on actively reducing LDL-cholesterol levels. This approach will only heighten the extensive health problems that Japan and some countries are at present facing. Many aspects of current medical practice in Japan are indeed likely to be in conflict with that country’s Medical Care Act. This thought-provoking analysis of one of the major health syndromes of our day demands serious consideration by professionals interested in cardiovascular health in particular and in public health more widely. Its implications are far-reaching – for medical practitioners, medical insurers, nutritionists, food producers and pharmaceutical manufacturers alike, as well as for individual patients.
Book Synopsis Evolving Human Nutrition by : Stanley J. Ulijaszek
Download or read book Evolving Human Nutrition written by Stanley J. Ulijaszek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of changing human nutrition from evolutionary and social perspectives and its influence on health and disease, past and present.
Book Synopsis Essential Fatty Acids in Health and Disease by : Edward N. Siguel
Download or read book Essential Fatty Acids in Health and Disease written by Edward N. Siguel and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Queen of Fats by : Susan Allport
Download or read book The Queen of Fats written by Susan Allport and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses omega-3 fatty acids and their impact on health.
Book Synopsis Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease by : Robert S. Lees
Download or read book Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease written by Robert S. Lees and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report from research in the MIT Sea Grant College Program. Discusses the relationship between particular fatty acids found only in fish oil, and human health. Presents and evaluates information on the health effects of dietary fats generally; evidence that fish oil consumption affects the incidenc
Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by : B. Maisch
Download or read book Cardiovascular Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids written by B. Maisch and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007-01-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades progress has been made in the treatment of patients who survived myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, patients who survive an acute myocardial infarction are at high risk, with life expectancy half that of their peers who have not experienced similar events, and with increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular events and death. The risk of sudden death increases with severity of systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction. In recent years, it has become clear that in addition to risk factors such as overweight, lack of exercise, smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, psychosocial factors play a key role for prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction. Therefore, there is high medical need for drugs which lower the incidence of sudden death and have an effect on other risk factors such as depression. OMACOR®, a pharmaceutical preparation of highly purified and concentrated Ω-3 polyunsaturated acids, may present such a drug. It lowers the incidence of sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction and decreases depression. This publication focuses on the effect of Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on different risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. In addition, aspects of prevention of cardiovascular disease, risk factors and pharmacokinetics of Ω-3 fatty acids ethyl esters are considered.
Book Synopsis Dietary ω3 and ω6 Fatty Acids by : Corraldo Galli
Download or read book Dietary ω3 and ω6 Fatty Acids written by Corraldo Galli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On June 24-26, 1985, a major International Conference on the Hea1th Effects of P01yunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods was held in Washington, D. C. The conference had two objectives: (1) to review the research data on the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods in terms of the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on eicosanoid formation, thrombosis and inflammation, and the role of docosahexaenoic acid in membrane function and metabolism, and (2) to develop a research agenda to determine the spectrum of the health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids of seafood origin in the American diet. The 1985 conference established the fact that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin - eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - play important roles in prostaglandin metabolism, thrombosis and atherosc1erosis, immunology and inflammation, and membrane function. In response to the conference recommendations, the Congress of the United States provided special funding for the establishment of a "test materials 1aboratory" within the US Department of Commerce to produce under documented quality contr01 the types and quanti ties of omega-3 te~3t materials required by biomedica1 researchers. The forms of test materials to be produced include refined fish oil, polyunsaturated fatty acid enhanced triglycerides, concentrates of esters of fatty acids, purified omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-3 mono-, di- and tri~lyceride mixtures.
Book Synopsis Dhasco and Arasco Oils as Sources of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Infant Formula by :
Download or read book Dhasco and Arasco Oils as Sources of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Infant Formula written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Poultry Nutrition by : Vincenzo Tufarelli
Download or read book Poultry Nutrition written by Vincenzo Tufarelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.
Author :U.s. Department of Health and Human Services Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781500334116 Total Pages :322 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (341 download)
Book Synopsis Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Intermediate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease by : U.s. Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Intermediate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease written by U.s. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies have examined the relationship between dietary fat and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most early epidemiology studies noted very low cardiovascular mortality in populations with high fish consumption. The apparent benefit of dietary fish is explained by the intake of very long chain, highly polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids.5 Since these early studies, hundreds of observational and clinical trials have been conducted to analyze the effect of both marine and plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids on CVD and a wide range of risk factors and intermediate markers of CVD, and to define and explain the potential benefits of increased intake of the omega-3 fatty acids. The primary omega-3 fatty acids of interest include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), which are derived primarily from marine sources, and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3), which is derived primarily from plant sources. This report examines evidence addressing both the association in humans between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular intermediate outcomes and risk factors and the association between omega-3 fatty acids and tissue or plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids. The three specific populations of interest are healthy adults with no known CVD or risk factors; adults at increased risk of CVD due specifically to diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia; and adults with known CVD. The exposure of interest is omega-3 fatty acids. Questions of interest include how different sources, dosages, and relative proportions of the fatty acids differ in their effects on the outcomes of interest. Included are questions addressing possible differences between the effects of supplements (e.g., fish oil capsules) and dietary sources (e.g., fatty fish), the effect of duration of intervention or exposure, and whether any effect is sustained after stopping exposure. In addition, because of a lack of clarity regarding the most accurate measure of levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the body, we also address how omega-3 fatty acid intake relates to different measures of tissue and plasma fatty acid levels. A large number of putative risk factors for and intermediate markers of CVD exist, including markers for different aspects of CVD, markers for risk factors of CVD, and markers for other factors related to cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between most of these laboratory measurements or diagnostic tests and aspects of atherosclerosis such as inflammation, are generally unproven. The relationships between these factors and actual clinical disease and events are generally even more theoretical. Based on these limitations and the available data, the effects of omega-3 fatty acid intake on the following risk factors are addressed in this report: total cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL); high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL); triglycerides (Tg); lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]; apolipoprotein (apo) A1; apo B; apo B-100 and LDL apo B; systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP); hemoglobin (Hgb) A1c; fasting blood sugar (FBS); fasting insulin; C-reactive protein (CRP); fibrinogen; factors VII, VIII, and von Willebrand factor (vWF); and platelet aggregation. In addition, we examine the following intermediate markers of CVD: coronary artery restenosis after angioplasty, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), exercise tolerance testing (ETT), and heart rate (HR) variability.
Book Synopsis Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism by : Graham C. Burdge
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism written by Graham C. Burdge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism explores a number of major roles of PUFA in the body, including its role as a component of cell membranes and how it provides substrates for the synthesis of lipid second messengers. Recent studies are unraveling the effect of interactions between diet and endocrine factors and genetic and epigenetic variation on the regulation of PUFA biosynthesis in animals. Together, these recent findings provide novel insights into the impact of differences in PUFA supply on health. This book captures these findings in a manner that marks the state-of-the-art, placing them in the wider context of PUFA metabolism and nutritional science. Users will find a comprehensive discussion on the topic that presents the contributions of leading researchers who combine their knowledge to create a cohesive academic resource for researchers, those involved in production, and health policymakers. Provides a comprehensive view of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism Describes underlying metabolism on lipids that include polyunsaturated fatty acids Includes discussions on recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism
