4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642364411
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis 4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy by : Jan Ehrhardt

Download or read book 4D Modeling and Estimation of Respiratory Motion for Radiation Therapy written by Jan Ehrhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory motion causes an important uncertainty in radiotherapy planning of the thorax and upper abdomen. The main objective of radiation therapy is to eradicate or shrink tumor cells without damaging the surrounding tissue by delivering a high radiation dose to the tumor region and a dose as low as possible to healthy organ tissues. Meeting this demand remains a challenge especially in case of lung tumors due to breathing-induced tumor and organ motion where motion amplitudes can measure up to several centimeters. Therefore, modeling of respiratory motion has become increasingly important in radiation therapy. With 4D imaging techniques spatiotemporal image sequences can be acquired to investigate dynamic processes in the patient’s body. Furthermore, image registration enables the estimation of the breathing-induced motion and the description of the temporal change in position and shape of the structures of interest by establishing the correspondence between images acquired at different phases of the breathing cycle. In radiation therapy these motion estimations are used to define accurate treatment margins, e.g. to calculate dose distributions and to develop prediction models for gated or robotic radiotherapy. In this book, the increasing role of image registration and motion estimation algorithms for the interpretation of complex 4D medical image sequences is illustrated. Different 4D CT image acquisition techniques and conceptually different motion estimation algorithms are presented. The clinical relevance is demonstrated by means of example applications which are related to the radiation therapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. The state of the art and perspectives are shown by an insight into the current field of research. The book is addressed to biomedical engineers, medical physicists, researchers and physicians working in the fields of medical image analysis, radiology and radiation therapy.

4D-CT Lung Registration and Its Application for Lung Radiation Therapy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis 4D-CT Lung Registration and Its Application for Lung Radiation Therapy by : Yugang Min

Download or read book 4D-CT Lung Registration and Its Application for Lung Radiation Therapy written by Yugang Min and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy has been successful in treating lung cancer patients, but its efficacy is limited by the inability to account for the respiratory motion during treatment planning and radiation dose delivery. Physics-based lung deformation models facilitate the motion computation of both tumor and local lung tissue during radiation therapy. In this dissertation, a novel method is discussed to accurately register 3D lungs across the respiratory phases from 4D-CT datasets, which facilitates the estimation of the volumetric lung deformation models. This method uses multi-level and multi-resolution optical flow registration coupled with thin plate splines (TPS), to address registration issue of inconsistent intensity across respiratory phases. It achieves higher accuracy as compared to multi-resolution optical flow registration and other commonly used registration methods. Results of validation show that the lung registration is computed with 3 mm Target Registration Error (TRE) and approximately 3 mm Inverse Consistency Error (ICE). This registration method is further implemented in GPU based real time dose delivery simulation to assist radiation therapy planning.

Spatio-temporal Modeling of Anatomic Motion for Radiation Therapy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatio-temporal Modeling of Anatomic Motion for Radiation Therapy by : Elizabeth Shobha Zachariah

Download or read book Spatio-temporal Modeling of Anatomic Motion for Radiation Therapy written by Elizabeth Shobha Zachariah and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In radiation therapy, it is imperative to deliver high doses of radiation to the tumor while reducing radiation to the healthy tissue. Respiratory motion is the most significant source of errors during treatment. Therefore, it is essential to accurately model respiratory motion for precise and effective radiation delivery. Many approaches exist to account for respiratory motion, such as controlled breath hold and respiratory gating, and they have been relatively successful. They still present many drawbacks. Thus, research has been expanded to tumor tracking. The overall goal of 4D-CT is to predict tumor motion in real time, and this work attempts to move in that direction. The following work addresses both the temporal and the spatial aspects of four-dimensional CT reconstruction. The aims of the paper are to (1) estimate the temporal parameters of 4D models for anatomy deformation using a novel neural network approach and (2) to use intelligently chosen non-uniform, non-separable splines to improve the spatial resolution of the deformation models in image registration.

Lung Motion Modelling and Estimation for Image Guided Radiation

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Lung Motion Modelling and Estimation for Image Guided Radiation by : Jef Vandemeulebroucke

Download or read book Lung Motion Modelling and Estimation for Image Guided Radiation written by Jef Vandemeulebroucke and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal aim of this work is to provide methodological contributions for the quantification, characterization and representation of lung motion, in order to facilitate its inclusion in the radiotherapy treatment process. We describe a method for automatically extracting a motion mask, which divides the thorax into moving and less-moving regions. By providing an interface where sliding motion occurs, the discontinuity in the motion fields is preserved and registration is facilitated. Stronger smoothness constraints can be applied for each region separately while maintaining matching accuracy. Next, a spatio-temporal registration framework for respiratory-correlated imaging of the lungs is developed. A spatial transformation based on B-splines is extended to the temporal domain by coupling it to a cyclic trajectory model with suitable smoothness constraints. The obtained deformation model is shown to be capable of accurately representing respiratory motion while using a more compact and restrictive parameterisation. By enforcing the temporal coherence of the deformation across the breathing cycle, robustness to artefacts of subsequent deformable registration is improved. Finally, we investigated the feasibility of performing respiratory motion estimation from a cone-beam projection sequence. A prior is introduced in the form of a patient-specific model built from a previously acquired 4D~CT image. Motion estimation is accomplished by comparing the cone-beam projection sequence to projection views of the patient model. A semi-global optimisation approach is utilized, considering the entire breathing cycle and providing smooth motion estimates per cycle.

Respiratory Motion Modeling for Use in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Therapy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis Respiratory Motion Modeling for Use in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Therapy by : Hadi Fayad

Download or read book Respiratory Motion Modeling for Use in Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Therapy written by Hadi Fayad and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important parameters reducing the sensitivity and specificity in the thoracic and abdominal areas is respiratory motion and associated deformations which represent today an important challenge in medical imaging. In addition, respiratory motion reduces accuracy in image fusion from combined positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) systems. Solutions presented to date include respiratory synchronized PET and CT acquisitions. However, differences between acquired 4D PET and corresponding CT image series have been reported due to differences in respiration conditions during PET and CT acquisitions. In addition, the radiation dose burden resulting from a 4D CT acquisition may not be justifiable for every patient. The first objective of this thesis was to generate dynamic CT images from one reference CT image; based on deformation matrices obtained from the elastic registration of 4D non attenuation corrected PET images. Such an approach eliminates, on one hand the need for the acquisition of dynamic CT, while at the same time ensuring the good matching between CT and PET images. The second objective was to develop and evaluate methods of building patient specific respiratory motion models and at as a second step more developed generic respiratory motion models. These models relate the internal motion to the parameters of an external surrogate signal (PET respiratory signal or patient's surface) that can be acquired during data acquisition and treatment delivery. Finally, the two developed models were validated and used in the PET respiratory motion and attenuation correction and in radiation therapy applications.

Prediction and Classification of Respiratory Motion

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642415091
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis Prediction and Classification of Respiratory Motion by : Suk Jin Lee

Download or read book Prediction and Classification of Respiratory Motion written by Suk Jin Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes recent radiotherapy technologies including tools for measuring target position during radiotherapy and tracking-based delivery systems. This book presents a customized prediction of respiratory motion with clustering from multiple patient interactions. The proposed method contributes to the improvement of patient treatments by considering breathing pattern for the accurate dose calculation in radiotherapy systems. Real-time tumor-tracking, where the prediction of irregularities becomes relevant, has yet to be clinically established. The statistical quantitative modeling for irregular breathing classification, in which commercial respiration traces are retrospectively categorized into several classes based on breathing pattern are discussed as well. The proposed statistical classification may provide clinical advantages to adjust the dose rate before and during the external beam radiotherapy for minimizing the safety margin. In the first chapter following the Introduction to this book, we review three prediction approaches of respiratory motion: model-based methods, model-free heuristic learning algorithms, and hybrid methods. In the following chapter, we present a phantom study—prediction of human motion with distributed body sensors—using a Polhemus Liberty AC magnetic tracker. Next we describe respiratory motion estimation with hybrid implementation of extended Kalman filter. The given method assigns the recurrent neural network the role of the predictor and the extended Kalman filter the role of the corrector. After that, we present customized prediction of respiratory motion with clustering from multiple patient interactions. For the customized prediction, we construct the clustering based on breathing patterns of multiple patients using the feature selection metrics that are composed of a variety of breathing features. We have evaluated the new algorithm by comparing the prediction overshoot and the tracking estimation value. The experimental results of 448 patients’ breathing patterns validated the proposed irregular breathing classifier in the last chapter.

Optical Methods in Sensing and Imaging for Medical and Biological Applications

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303897370X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Methods in Sensing and Imaging for Medical and Biological Applications by : Dragan Indjin

Download or read book Optical Methods in Sensing and Imaging for Medical and Biological Applications written by Dragan Indjin and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Optical Methods in Sensing and Imaging for Medical and Biological Applications" that was published in Sensors

Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention − MICCAI 2017

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331966185X
Total Pages : 803 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention − MICCAI 2017 by : Maxime Descoteaux

Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention − MICCAI 2017 written by Maxime Descoteaux and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-03 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 10433, 10434, and 10435 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, held inQuebec City, Canada, in September 2017. The 255 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 800 submissions in a two-phase review process. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: atlas and surface-based techniques; shape and patch-based techniques; registration techniques, functional imaging, connectivity, and brain parcellation; diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and tensor/fiber processing; and image segmentation and modelling. Part II: optical imaging; airway and vessel analysis; motion and cardiac analysis; tumor processing; planning and simulation for medical interventions; interventional imaging and navigation; and medical image computing. Part III: feature extraction and classification techniques; and machine learning in medical image computing.

Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 22

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Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1614996253
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 22 by : J.D. Westwood

Download or read book Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 22 written by J.D. Westwood and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s, a small group of individuals recognized how virtual reality (VR) could transform medicine by immersing physicians, students and patients in data more completely. Technical obstacles delayed progress but VR is now enjoying a renaissance, with breakthrough applications available for healthcare. This book presents papers from the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 22 conference, held in Los Angeles, California, USA, in April 2016. Engineers, physicians, scientists, educators, students, industry, military, and futurists participated in its creative mix of unorthodox thinking and validated investigation. The topics covered include medical simulation and modeling, imaging and visualization, robotics, haptics, sensors, physical and mental rehabilitation tools, and more. Providing an overview of the state-of-the-art, this book will interest all those involved in medical VR and in innovative healthcare, generally.

Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030872025
Total Pages : 711 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021 by : Marleen de Bruijne

Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021 written by Marleen de Bruijne and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eight-volume set LNCS 12901, 12902, 12903, 12904, 12905, 12906, 12907, and 12908 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021, held in Strasbourg, France, in September/October 2021.* The 531 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1630 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: image segmentation Part II: machine learning - self-supervised learning; machine learning - semi-supervised learning; and machine learning - weakly supervised learning Part III: machine learning - advances in machine learning theory; machine learning - attention models; machine learning - domain adaptation; machine learning - federated learning; machine learning - interpretability / explainability; and machine learning - uncertainty Part IV: image registration; image-guided interventions and surgery; surgical data science; surgical planning and simulation; surgical skill and work flow analysis; and surgical visualization and mixed, augmented and virtual reality Part V: computer aided diagnosis; integration of imaging with non-imaging biomarkers; and outcome/disease prediction Part VI: image reconstruction; clinical applications - cardiac; and clinical applications - vascular Part VII: clinical applications - abdomen; clinical applications - breast; clinical applications - dermatology; clinical applications - fetal imaging; clinical applications - lung; clinical applications - neuroimaging - brain development; clinical applications - neuroimaging - DWI and tractography; clinical applications - neuroimaging - functional brain networks; clinical applications - neuroimaging – others; and clinical applications - oncology Part VIII: clinical applications - ophthalmology; computational (integrative) pathology; modalities - microscopy; modalities - histopathology; and modalities - ultrasound *The conference was held virtually.

Computational Biomechanics for Medicine

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030424286
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Biomechanics for Medicine by : Karol Miller

Download or read book Computational Biomechanics for Medicine written by Karol Miller and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Biomechanics for Medicine: Solid and fluid mechanics for the benefit of patients contributions and papers from the MICCAI Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop help in conjunction with Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention conference (MICCAI 2019) in Shenzhen, China. The content is dedicated to research in the field of methods and applications of computational biomechanics to medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, analysis of injury mechanisms, implant and prostheses design, as well as artificial organ design and medical robotics. These proceedings appeal to researchers, students and professionals in the field.

Prediction of Respiratory Motion

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis Prediction of Respiratory Motion by : Suk Jin Lee

Download or read book Prediction of Respiratory Motion written by Suk Jin Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment method that employs high-energy radiation beams to destroy cancer cells by damaging the ability of these cells to reproduce. Thoracic and abdominal tumors may change their positions during respiration by as much as three centimeters during radiation treatment. The prediction of respiratory motion has become an important research area because respiratory motion severely affects precise radiation dose delivery. This study describes recent radiotherapy technologies including tools for measuring target position during radiotherapy and tracking-based delivery systems. In the first part of our study we review three prediction approaches of respiratory motion, i.e., model-based methods, model-free heuristic learning algorithms, and hybrid methods. In the second part of our work we propose respiratory motion estimation with hybrid implementation of extended Kalman filter. The proposed method uses the recurrent neural network as the role of the predictor and the extended Kalman filter as the role of the corrector. In the third part of our work we further extend our research work to present customized prediction of respiratory motion with clustering from multiple patient interactions. For the customized prediction we construct the clustering based on breathing patterns of multiple patients using the feature selection metrics that are composed of a variety of breathing features. In the fourth part of our work we retrospectively categorize breathing data into several classes and propose a new approach to detect irregular breathing patterns using neural networks. We have evaluated the proposed new algorithm by comparing the prediction overshoot and the tracking estimation value. The experimental results of 448 patients' breathing patterns validated the proposed irregular breathing classifier.

Computational Biomechanics for Medicine

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319155032
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Biomechanics for Medicine by : Barry Doyle

Download or read book Computational Biomechanics for Medicine written by Barry Doyle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-25 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Computational Biomechanics for Medicine titles provide an opportunity for specialists in computational biomechanics to present their latest methodologiesand advancements. Thisvolumecomprises twelve of the newest approaches and applications of computational biomechanics, from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, USA, France, Spain and Switzerland. Some of the interesting topics discussed are:real-time simulations; growth and remodelling of soft tissues; inverse and meshless solutions; medical image analysis; and patient-specific solid mechanics simulations. One of the greatest challenges facing the computational engineering community is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, the biomedical sciences, and medicine. We hope the research presented within this book series will contribute to overcoming this grand challenge.

Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Ratio of Radiation as a Cancer Treatment

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331945594X
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Ratio of Radiation as a Cancer Treatment by : Mitchell S. Anscher

Download or read book Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Ratio of Radiation as a Cancer Treatment written by Mitchell S. Anscher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will describe recent progress and future directions in radiation oncology and biology research, focusing on strategies designed to improve disease control and reduce the risk of long-term adverse effects on patients. As more and more patients are becoming long-term survivors, this strategy will become increasingly important--in radiation oncology and throughout the field of oncology.

Molecular Imaging, Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, and Stroke Imaging and Treatment

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319675648
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Imaging, Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, and Stroke Imaging and Treatment by : M. Jorge Cardoso

Download or read book Molecular Imaging, Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, and Stroke Imaging and Treatment written by M. Jorge Cardoso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the International Workshop on Computational Methods for Molecular Imaging, CMMI 2017, the International Workshop on Reconstruction and Analysis of Moving Body Organs, RAMBO 2017, and the International Stroke Workshop: Imaging and Treatment Challenges, SWITCH 2017, held in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, in Québec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 5 full papers presented at FIFI 2017, the 9 full papers presented at RAMBO 2017, and the 4 full papers presented at SWITCH 2017 were carefully reviewed and selected. The CMMI papers cover various areas from image synthesis to data analysis and from clinical diagnosis to therapy individualization, using molecular imaging modalities PET, SPECT, PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and PET/MR. The RAMBO papers present research from both academia and industry, They are organized into the categories "registration and tracking" and "image reconstruction and information retrieval" while application areas include cardiac, pulmonal, abdominal, fetal, and renal imaging. The SWITCH papers focus on CT(A)-based quantitative imaging biomarkers for stroke.

Surface Guided Radiation Therapy

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429951809
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Guided Radiation Therapy by : Jeremy David Page Hoisak

Download or read book Surface Guided Radiation Therapy written by Jeremy David Page Hoisak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Guided Radiation Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of optical surface image guidance systems for radiation therapy. It serves as an introductory teaching resource for students and trainees, and a valuable reference for medical physicists, physicians, radiation therapists, and administrators who wish to incorporate surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) into their clinical practice. This is the first book dedicated to the principles and practice of SGRT, featuring: Chapters authored by an internationally represented list of physicists, radiation oncologists and therapists, edited by pioneers and experts in SGRT Covering the evolution of localization systems and their role in quality and safety, current SGRT systems, practical guides to commissioning and quality assurance, clinical applications by anatomic site, and emerging topics including skin mark-less setups. Several dedicated chapters on SGRT for intracranial radiosurgery and breast, covering technical aspects, risk assessment and outcomes. Jeremy Hoisak, PhD, DABR is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Hoisak’s clinical expertise includes radiosurgery and respiratory motion management. Adam Paxton, PhD, DABR is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Utah. Dr. Paxton’s clinical expertise includes patient safety, motion management, radiosurgery, and proton therapy. Benjamin Waghorn, PhD, DABR is the Director of Clinical Physics at Vision RT. Dr. Waghorn’s research interests include intensity modulated radiation therapy, motion management, and surface image guidance systems. Todd Pawlicki, PhD, DABR, FAAPM, FASTRO, is Professor and Vice-Chair for Medical Physics in the Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Pawlicki has published extensively on quality and safety in radiation therapy. He has served on the Board of Directors for the American Society for Radiology Oncology (ASTRO) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM).

Multi-modality Cardiac Imaging

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118574427
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-modality Cardiac Imaging by : Patrick Clarysse

Download or read book Multi-modality Cardiac Imaging written by Patrick Clarysse and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The imaging of moving organs such as the heart, in particular, is a real challenge because of its movement. This book presents current and emerging methods developed for the acquisition of images of moving organs in the five main medical imaging modalities: conventional X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear imaging and ultrasound. The availability of dynamic image sequences allows for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of an organ’s dynamics, which is often linked to pathologies.