2017 Cyber Attack Deterrence

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Strategic Cyber Deterrence

Author : Scott Jasper
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538104903
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Cyber Deterrence by : Scott Jasper

Download or read book Strategic Cyber Deterrence written by Scott Jasper and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-07-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the FBI, about 4000 ransomware attacks happen every day. In the United States alone, victims lost $209 million to ransomware in the first quarter of 2016. Even worse is the threat to critical infrastructure, as seen by the malware infections at electrical distribution companies in Ukraine that caused outages to 225,000 customers in late 2015. Further, recent reports on the Russian hacks into the Democratic National Committee and subsequent release of emails in a coercive campaign to apparently influence the U.S. Presidential Election have brought national attention to the inadequacy of cyber deterrence. The U.S. government seems incapable of creating an adequate strategy to alter the behavior of the wide variety of malicious actors seeking to inflict harm or damage through cyberspace. This book offers a systematic analysis of the various existing strategic cyber deterrence options and introduces the alternative strategy of active cyber defense. It examines the array of malicious actors operating in the domain, their methods of attack, and their motivations. It also provides answers on what is being done, and what could be done, by the government and industry to convince malicious actors that their attacks will not succeed and that risk of repercussions exists. Traditional deterrence strategies of retaliation, denial and entanglement appear to lack the necessary conditions of capability, credibly, and communications due to these malicious actors’ advantages in cyberspace. In response, the book offers the option of adopting a strategy of active cyber defense that combines internal systemic resilience to halt cyber attack progress with external disruption capacities to thwart malicious actors’ objectives. It shows how active cyber defense is technically capable and legally viable as an alternative strategy for the deterrence of cyber attacks.

2017 Cyber Attack Deterrence

Author : U. S. Military
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781520777467
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (774 download)

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Book Synopsis 2017 Cyber Attack Deterrence by : U. S. Military

Download or read book 2017 Cyber Attack Deterrence written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a complete reproduction of the final report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Cyber Deterrence released in late February 2017. The Task Force was asked to consider the requirements for deterrence of the full range of potential cyber attacks against the United States and U.S. allies/partners, and to identify critical capabilities (cyber and non-cyber) needed to support deterrence, warfighting, and escalation control against a highly cyber-capable adversary. Public interest in cyber deterrence has grown over the past several years as the United States has experienced a number of cyber attacks and costly cyber intrusions. However, it is essential to understand that cyber attacks on the United States to date do not represent the "high end" threats that could be conducted by U.S. adversaries today - let alone the much more daunting threats of cyber attacks and costly cyber intrusions that the Nation will face in coming years as adversary capabilities continue to grow rapidly. The Task Force determined the United States faces three distinct sets of cyber deterrence challenges. First, major powers (e.g., Russia and China) have a significant and growing ability to hold U.S. critical infrastructure at risk via cyber attack, and an increasing potential to also use cyber to thwart U.S. military responses to any such attacks. This emerging situation threatens to place the United States in an untenable strategic position. Although progress is being made to reduce the pervasive cyber vulnerabilities of U.S. critical infrastructure, the unfortunate reality is that, for at least the next decade, the offensive cyber capabilities of our most capable adversaries are likely to far exceed the United States' ability to defend key critical infrastructures. The U.S. military itself has a deep and extensive dependence on information technology as well, creating a massive attack surface. Second, regional powers (e.g., Iran and North Korea) have a growing potential to use indigenous or purchased cyber tools to conduct catastrophic attacks on U.S. critical infrastructure. The U.S. Government must work with the private sector to intensify efforts to defend and boost the cyber resilience of U.S. critical infrastructure in order to avoid allowing extensive vulnerability to these nations. It is no more palatable to allow the United States to be held hostage to catastrophic attack via cyber weapons by such actors than via nuclear weapons. Third, a range of state and non-state actors have the capacity for persistent cyber attacks and costly cyber intrusions against the United States, which individually may be inconsequential (or be only one element of a broader campaign) but which cumulatively subject the Nation to a "death by 1,000 hacks."

Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309160359
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks by : National Research Council

Download or read book Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of increasing dependence on information technology, the prevention of cyberattacks on a nation's important computer and communications systems and networks is a problem that looms large. Given the demonstrated limitations of passive cybersecurity defense measures, it is natural to consider the possibility that deterrence might play a useful role in preventing cyberattacks against the United States and its vital interests. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Research Council undertook a two-phase project aimed to foster a broad, multidisciplinary examination of strategies for deterring cyberattacks on the United States and of the possible utility of these strategies for the U.S. government. The first phase produced a letter report providing basic information needed to understand the nature of the problem and to articulate important questions that can drive research regarding ways of more effectively preventing, discouraging, and inhibiting hostile activity against important U.S. information systems and networks. The second phase of the project entailed selecting appropriate experts to write papers on questions raised in the letter report. A number of experts, identified by the committee, were commissioned to write these papers under contract with the National Academy of Sciences. Commissioned papers were discussed at a public workshop held June 10-11, 2010, in Washington, D.C., and authors revised their papers after the workshop. Although the authors were selected and the papers reviewed and discussed by the committee, the individually authored papers do not reflect consensus views of the committee, and the reader should view these papers as offering points of departure that can stimulate further work on the topics discussed. The papers presented in this volume are published essentially as received from the authors, with some proofreading corrections made as limited time allowed.

The Cyber Deterrence Problem

Author : Aaron F. Brantly
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1786615665
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cyber Deterrence Problem by : Aaron F. Brantly

Download or read book The Cyber Deterrence Problem written by Aaron F. Brantly and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The national security of the United States depends on a secure, reliable and resilient cyberspace. The inclusion of digital systems into every aspect of US national security has been underway since World War II and has increased with the proliferation of Internet-enabled devices. There is an increasing need to develop a robust deterrence framework within which the United States and its allies can dissuade would-be adversaries from engaging in various cyber activities. Yet despite a desire to deter adversaries, the problems associated with dissuasion remain complex, multifaceted, poorly understood and imprecisely specified. Challenges, including credibility, attribution, escalation and conflict management, remain ever-present and challenge the United States in its efforts to foster security in cyberspace. These challenges need to be addressed in a deliberate and multidisciplinary approach that combines political and technical realities to provide a robust set of policy options to decision makers. The Cyber Deterrence Problem brings together a multidisciplinary team of scholars with expertise in computer science, deterrence theory, cognitive psychology, intelligence studies and conflict management to analyze and develop a robust assessment of the necessary requirements and attributes for achieving deterrence in cyberspace. Beyond simply addressing the base challenges associated with deterrence, many of the chapters also propose strategies and tactics to enhance deterrence in cyberspace and emphasize conceptualizing how the United States deters adversaries.

Cyberpower and National Security

Author : Franklin D. Kramer
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1597979333
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyberpower and National Security by : Franklin D. Kramer

Download or read book Cyberpower and National Security written by Franklin D. Kramer and published by Potomac Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2009 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book creates a framework for understanding and using cyberpower in support of national security. Cyberspace and cyberpower are now critical elements of international security. United States needs a national policy which employs cyberpower to support its national security interests.

Department of Defense Defense Science Board Task Force on Cyber Deterrence

Author : Department of Defense (US)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781548402778
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Department of Defense Defense Science Board Task Force on Cyber Deterrence by : Department of Defense (US)

Download or read book Department of Defense Defense Science Board Task Force on Cyber Deterrence written by Department of Defense (US) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States gains tremendous economic, social, and military advantages from cyberspace. However, our pursuit of these advantages has created extensive dependencies on highly vulnerable information technologies and industrial control systems. As a result, U.S. national security is at unacceptable and growing risk. Over the past several years, the United States has been subjected to cyber attacks and costly cyber intrusions by various actors, including the four most cyber-capable adversary states identified by the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) in 2016.1 For example: During 2012-2013, Iran conducted distributed denial of services attacks on Wall Street firms, disrupting operations and imposing tens of millions of dollars in remediation and cyber hardening costs.2 In 2014, North Korea hacked Sony Pictures in an effort to suppress the release of a movie depicting a plot to assassinate North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, causing direct and indirect financial damage in the process.3 For at least 10 years,4 China conducted a massive cyber theft of U.S. firms' intellectual property (IP); since President Xi Jingping committed in September 2015 that China would not undertake such theft; reportedly Chinese cyber IP theft has reduced but not stopped. In 2016, Russia hacked into several U.S. institutions and used the resulting stolen information in an attempt to undermine voter confidence and affect the outcome of the U.S. presidential election. Non-state actors, though generally less capable than nation-states, also have conducted cyber attacks. A recent example is the October 2016 distributed denial of service attacks on the internet domain name system (DNS) provider Dyn, for which the hacker groups Anonymous and New World Hackers claimed responsibility. Each of the above examples stands out from the constant barrage of cyber intrusions that occur in the United States and globally on a daily basis, including those conducted by nations as part of their cyber espionage programs. Such actions qualify as cyber "attacks" (Iran's Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack (DDoS) and North Korea's Sony hack) or costly cyber intrusions (China's intellectual property (IP) theft and Russia's hack of political parties to facilitate information operations) because their impact goes beyond data collection, to impose some form of harm on the United States. Of critical importance, known cyber attacks on the United States to date do not represent the "high-end" threats that could be conducted by U.S. adversaries today - let alone the much more daunting threats of cyber attack the Nation will face in coming years as adversary capabilities continue to grow rapidly. A large-scale cyber attack on civilian critical infrastructure could cause chaos by disrupting the flow of electricity, money, communications, fuel, and water. Thus far, we have only seen the virtual tip of the cyber attack iceberg.

Bytes, Bombs, and Spies

Author : Herbert Lin
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815735480
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Bytes, Bombs, and Spies by : Herbert Lin

Download or read book Bytes, Bombs, and Spies written by Herbert Lin and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “We are dropping cyber bombs. We have never done that before.”—U.S. Defense Department official A new era of war fighting is emerging for the U.S. military. Hi-tech weapons have given way to hi tech in a number of instances recently: A computer virus is unleashed that destroys centrifuges in Iran, slowing that country’s attempt to build a nuclear weapon. ISIS, which has made the internet the backbone of its terror operations, finds its network-based command and control systems are overwhelmed in a cyber attack. A number of North Korean ballistic missiles fail on launch, reportedly because their systems were compromised by a cyber campaign. Offensive cyber operations like these have become important components of U.S. defense strategy and their role will grow larger. But just what offensive cyber weapons are and how they could be used remains clouded by secrecy. This new volume by Amy Zegart and Herb Lin is a groundbreaking discussion and exploration of cyber weapons with a focus on their strategic dimensions. It brings together many of the leading specialists in the field to provide new and incisive analysis of what former CIA director Michael Hayden has called “digital combat power” and how the United States should incorporate that power into its national security strategy.

National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets

Author : United States. Department of Homeland Security
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780160513091
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets by : United States. Department of Homeland Security

Download or read book National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets written by United States. Department of Homeland Security and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Strategy for Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets serves as a critical bridge between the National Strategy for Homeland Security and a national protection plan to be developed by the Department of Homeland Security.

NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020

Author : Frans Osinga
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9462654190
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020 by : Frans Osinga

Download or read book NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020 written by Frans Osinga and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies. The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world. Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.

Cyber War Will Not Take Place

Author : Thomas Rid
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199330638
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyber War Will Not Take Place by : Thomas Rid

Download or read book Cyber War Will Not Take Place written by Thomas Rid and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Published in the United Kingdom in 2013 by C. Hurst & Co. (Publishers) Ltd"--Title page verso.

The Cybersecurity Dilemma

Author : Ben Buchanan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190694807
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cybersecurity Dilemma by : Ben Buchanan

Download or read book The Cybersecurity Dilemma written by Ben Buchanan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do nations break into one another's most important computer networks? There is an obvious answer: to steal valuable information or to attack. But this isn't the full story. This book draws on often-overlooked documents leaked by Edward Snowden, real-world case studies of cyber operations, and policymaker perspectives to show that intruding into other countries' networks has enormous defensive value as well. Two nations, neither of which seeks to harm the other but neither of which trusts the other, will often find it prudent to launch intrusions. This general problem, in which a nation's means of securing itself threatens the security of others and risks escalating tension, is a bedrock concept in international relations and is called the 'security dilemma'. This book shows not only that the security dilemma applies to cyber operations, but also that the particular characteristics of the digital domain mean that the effects are deeply pronounced. The cybersecurity dilemma is both a vital concern of modern statecraft and a means of accessibly understanding the essential components of cyber operations.

The Virtual Weapon and International Order

Author : Lucas Kello
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300226292
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Virtual Weapon and International Order by : Lucas Kello

Download or read book The Virtual Weapon and International Order written by Lucas Kello and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-26 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An urgently needed examination of the current cyber revolution that draws on case studies to develop conceptual frameworks for understanding its effects on international order The cyber revolution is the revolution of our time. The rapid expansion of cyberspace brings both promise and peril. It promotes new modes of political interaction, but it also disrupts interstate dealings and empowers non-state actors who may instigate diplomatic and military crises. Despite significant experience with cyber phenomena, the conceptual apparatus to analyze, understand, and address their effects on international order remains primitive. Here, Lucas Kello adapts and applies international relations theory to create new ways of thinking about cyber strategy. Kello draws on a broad range of case studies, including the Estonian crisis, the Olympic Games operation against Iran, and the cyber attack against Sony Pictures. Synthesizing qualitative data from government documents, forensic reports of major incidents and interviews with senior officials from around the globe, this important work establishes new conceptual benchmarks to help security experts adapt strategy and policy to the unprecedented challenges of our times.

Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar

Author : Martin C. Libicki
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833048759
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar by : Martin C. Libicki

Download or read book Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar written by Martin C. Libicki and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyberspace, where information--and hence serious value--is stored and manipulated, is a tempting target. An attacker could be a person, group, or state and may disrupt or corrupt the systems from which cyberspace is built. When states are involved, it is tempting to compare fights to warfare, but there are important differences. The author addresses these differences and ways the United States protect itself in the face of attack.

Deterring Rational Fanatics

Author : Alex S. Wilner
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812246683
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Deterring Rational Fanatics by : Alex S. Wilner

Download or read book Deterring Rational Fanatics written by Alex S. Wilner and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold War-era strategic thinking was driven by the belief that individuals, organizations, and foreign states could be deterred from offensive action by the threat of reprisal. That assurance was shaken with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001; suddenly, it seemed that no threat was powerful enough to deter individuals or organizations that valued political objectives over their own lives and the lives of their members. More than a decade later, new research and theory are bringing deterrence back into currency as a viable counterterrorism strategy. Alex S. Wilner updates deterrence theory for conflict in the twenty-first century, arguing for its value against challengers such as rogue states, cyber warriors, and transnational terrorist organizations. Deterring Rational Fanatics provides a full-scale discussion of deterrence theory concepts and controversies, assessing the utility of relying on the logic of deterrence and coercion to counter contemporary terrorism. In particular, targeted killings directed against the Taliban of Afghanistan provide a vivid illustration of the impact deterrence can have on militant behavior: precision strikes that eliminate militant leaders represent a significant cost to planning and participating in political violence, a cost that can coerce, manipulate, and alter behavior. Though deterrence theory is not a panacea for terrorism, insurgency, or militancy, it can serve as a strategic guide for state responses; as Wilner shows, terrorist violence can indeed be deterred.

Deterring Cyber Warfare

Author : Brian M. Mazanec
Publisher : Palgrave Pivot
ISBN 13 : 9781137476173
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (761 download)

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Book Synopsis Deterring Cyber Warfare by : Brian M. Mazanec

Download or read book Deterring Cyber Warfare written by Brian M. Mazanec and published by Palgrave Pivot. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the deterrence of cyber attacks is one of the most important issues facing the United States and other nations, the application of deterrence theory to the cyber realm is problematic. This study introduces cyber warfare and reviews the challenges associated with deterring cyber attacks, offering key recommendations to aid the deterrence of major cyber attacks.

Information Warfare and Deterrence

Author : Richard E. Hayes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Warfare and Deterrence by : Richard E. Hayes

Download or read book Information Warfare and Deterrence written by Richard E. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Darkening Web

Author : Alexander Klimburg
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0698402766
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (984 download)

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Book Synopsis The Darkening Web by : Alexander Klimburg

Download or read book The Darkening Web written by Alexander Klimburg and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A prescient and important book. . . . Fascinating.”—The New York Review of Books No single invention of the last half century has changed the way we live now as much as the Internet. Alexander Klimburg was a member of the generation for whom it was a utopian ideal turned reality: a place where ideas, information, and knowledge could be shared and new freedoms found and enjoyed. Two decades later, the future isn’t so bright any more: increasingly, the Internet is used as a weapon and a means of domination by states eager to exploit or curtail global connectivity in order to further their national interests. Klimburg is a leading voice in the conversation on the implications of this dangerous shift, and in The Darkening Web, he explains why we underestimate the consequences of states’ ambitions to project power in cyberspace at our peril: Not only have hacking and cyber operations fundamentally changed the nature of political conflict—ensnaring states in a struggle to maintain a precarious peace that could rapidly collapse into all-out war—but the rise of covert influencing and information warfare has enabled these same global powers to create and disseminate their own distorted versions of reality in which anything is possible. At stake are not only our personal data or the electrical grid, but the Internet as we know it today—and with it the very existence of open and democratic societies. Blending anecdote with argument, Klimburg brings us face-to-face with the range of threats the struggle for cyberspace presents, from an apocalyptic scenario of debilitated civilian infrastructure to a 1984-like erosion of privacy and freedom of expression. Focusing on different approaches to cyber-conflict in the US, Russia and China, he reveals the extent to which the battle for control of the Internet is as complex and perilous as the one surrounding nuclear weapons during the Cold War—and quite possibly as dangerous for humanity as a whole. Authoritative, thought-provoking, and compellingly argued, The Darkening Web makes clear that the debate about the different aspirations for cyberspace is nothing short of a war over our global values.