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Women In The Workforce Underrepresentation In Management Positions Persists And The Gender Pay Gap Varies By Industry And Demographics Report To Congressional Requesters
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Book Synopsis Women in the Workforce: Underrepresentation in Management Positions Persists, and the Gender Pay Gap Varies by Industry and Demographics : Report to Congressional Requesters by : United States. Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Women in the Workforce: Underrepresentation in Management Positions Persists, and the Gender Pay Gap Varies by Industry and Demographics : Report to Congressional Requesters written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Women in the Workforce: Underrepresentation in Management Positions Persists, and the Gender Pay Gap Varies by Industry and Demographics (gao-23-106320) [2023]. by :
Download or read book Women in the Workforce: Underrepresentation in Management Positions Persists, and the Gender Pay Gap Varies by Industry and Demographics (gao-23-106320) [2023]. written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women's Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976383540 Total Pages :108 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (835 download)
Book Synopsis Womens Pay by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Womens Pay written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women's pay : gender pay gap in the federal workforce narrows as differences in occupation, education, and experience diminish : report to congressional requesters.
Book Synopsis Women's Pay by : U S Government Accountability Office (G
Download or read book Women's Pay written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
Book Synopsis Gender Pay Differences by : U.s. Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Gender Pay Differences written by U.s. Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women represent an increasingly larger share of the total workforce in the United Statesconstituting nearly half of the total workforce. In addition, an increasing proportion of women in the workforce are more educated. However, research by GAO and others has shown that womens average pay has been and remains lower than that of men. Questions have been raised about the extent to which less-advantaged womenthat is, those who are low wage or less educatedexperience lower wages than less-advantaged men.GAO was asked to examine the differences in representation, key characteristics, and pay among women and men (1) with less education and (2) with low wages. GAO defined less-educated workers as those having a high school degree or less and low-wage workers as those earning an hourly wage rate in the bottom quintileor 20 percentof wages across the workforce. GAO analyzed data from the Department of Labors Current Population Survey (CPS); reviewed other work on similar topics; and interviewed agency officials, representatives of womens groups, and other researchers.
Book Synopsis The Gender Pay Gap by : Fatma Abdel-Raouf
Download or read book The Gender Pay Gap written by Fatma Abdel-Raouf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closing the gender pay gap begins with awareness and understanding of the state of the gap. This hybrid book that serves as a resource for both the academic and corporate communities, builds the reader’s awareness of the gender pay gap, its magnitude and ramifications, and provides action plans to address the challenge. Much of the existing literature on the gender pay gap provides an excellent foundation in stating facts and inferences; yet, the reader is often left wondering "now what?" This book tells the story of the state of the gap by the numbers and then offers specific actions that can be taken to achieve equity. The authors combine backgrounds in statistics and management/HR to provide a unique perspective in painting a broader overview of the issue, examining the history of the gender pay gap, its global impact, and how nations are addressing the issue. The book shines a light on the wide-ranging effects of the gap, including women’s poverty rates, student loans, economic growth, childhood poverty, and corporate profits, and offers insights to help close it with best practices of select organizations. Upper-level undergraduate, postgraduate, and executive education students will appreciate the clarity and conciseness of this guide to understanding and solving an important human resources issue. The inclusion of a brief instructor’s manual and PowerPoint slides for each chapter differentiates this book and adds to the ease of adoption in both the academic and corporate setting.
Book Synopsis Gender Equity in the Federal Workforce by : Teresa Kroeger
Download or read book Gender Equity in the Federal Workforce written by Teresa Kroeger and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unequal pay and occupational segregation by gender are persistent and pernicious features of the United States labor market that policymakers and labor advocates have sought to eliminate. The federal government is the largest employer in the country, and it utilizes hiring procedures and pay structures designed to ensure equitable employment outcomes. Rigid pay-setting mechanisms largely standardize pay by leaving little room for the discretion of hiring managers. Despite formalized pay practices, researchers have documented evidence of gender pay gaps and occupational segregation in the federal workforce. Less understood is how these inequities persist given the rigidity of pay-setting in the federal workforce and the extent of inequities over time. This dissertation examines the persistence of gender earnings and employment inequity in the modern federal workforce. The research establishes a more thorough understanding of the earnings and employment status of women in the federal workforce and how it has changed since the influx of women into the paid labor force. It dissects how much of the difference in men's and women's average earnings can be attributed to discrimination, and how pay inequity persists within rigid federal pay systems. The analysis examines the extent to which federal workers are disproportionately sorted by gender between occupations and agencies, as well as the extent of gender sorting within and between pay systems. Labor economics models explain persistent gender pay gaps arising from disparities in earnings determinants (i.e., differences in human capital endowments), occupational segregation (i.e., women sorted into low-paying occupations), discriminatory practices (i.e., gender pay differences for comparable work), or some combination of the above. This study empirically employs these models in the context of the modern federal workforce and considers additional mechanisms of gender pay inequity unique to the federal sector. The analysis combines multiple sources of federal personnel microdata from the Central Personnel Data File (CPDF) to create a novel dataset on federal civilian workers from 1973 to 2013. It uses log earnings regressions and Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to determine the magnitude and pervasiveness of gender pay gaps in the federal workforce, and the differential impacts of various demographic, human capital, and administrative variables on gender pay gaps across pay systems, occupations, and agencies. Indexes of dissimilarity measure the amount of gender segregation between occupations and agencies, the extent to which it varies between pay systems, and how it has changed over 41 years. Earnings regressions estimate the pay implications of gender-based employment segregation in different pay systems of the federal workforce from 1973 to 2013. Unexplained differences in average earnings between men and women emerge in all gender and racial groups and in every year from 1973 to 2013, with substantial variation by pay system. Women of color make the most progress in overall employment gains over the period, but their increased entrance into the federal workforce does not translate to greater pay equity. Women in the largest pay system, General Schedule (GS) and equivalently graded pay plans, are employed one pay grade lower than equivalent men on average across the period. Workers on blue collar pay plans have the smallest unexplained gender pay gaps throughout the period, yet also experience a deterioration of real earnings and pay equity over time. Agencies--comprised of smaller organizational units, called bureaus--employ workers across occupations. Federal workers are highly gender segregated between occupations, and less likely to be gender segregated between bureaus. Gender-based occupational segregation improves in the federal sector through the 2000s; however, by 2013, rates of occupational segregation are higher for workers in other white collar (other than GS) and blue collar pay plans than they are for private sector workers. Occupations with greater shares of women in their workforce pay lower earnings, on average, to both men and women on their payrolls. Occupation and bureau segregation have lessened since 1973, but they still contribute to the gender pay gap for most federal workers as of 2013. Employment segregation is a substantial contributor to gender pay inequity in the federal workforce. Analyses cannot rule out that federal gender pay inequity is driven by practices that discriminate against women's work. Regardless of the motivation for the above findings, the federal government sets standards for the broader labor market, and its policies have significant implications for the economic status of millions of workers across the nation.
Book Synopsis Gender Equality at Work Pay Transparency Tools to Close the Gender Wage Gap by : OECD
Download or read book Gender Equality at Work Pay Transparency Tools to Close the Gender Wage Gap written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite big societal changes, and many labour market, educational and public policy initiatives, women are still paid less than men. This report presents the first stocktaking of pay transparency tools across OECD countries and explores how such policies can help level the playing field for women and men at work.
Book Synopsis Behind the Pay Gap by : Judy Goldberg Dey
Download or read book Behind the Pay Gap written by Judy Goldberg Dey and published by Aauw Educational Foundation. This book was released on 2007 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have made remarkable gains in education during the past three decades, yet these achievements have resulted in only modest improvements in pay equity. The gender pay gap has become a fixture of the U.S. workplace and is so ubiquitous that many simply view it as normal. "Behind the Pay Gap" examines the gender pay gap for college graduates. One year out of college, women working full time earn only 80 percent as much as their male colleagues earn. Ten years after graduation, women fall farther behind, earning only 69 percent as much as men earn. Controlling for hours, occupation, parenthood, and other factors normally associated with pay, college-educated women still earn less than their male peers earn. Despite the progress women have made, gender pay equity in the workplace remains an issue. Improvements to federal equal pay laws are needed to ensure that women and men are compensated fairly when they perform the same or comparable work. Flexibility, meaningful part-time work opportunities, and expanded provisions for medical and family leave are important to help women and men better balance work and family responsibilities. Making gender pay equity a reality will require action by individuals, employers, and federal and state governments. The methodology is appended. (Contains 24 figures.) [This report was published by the American Association of University (AAUW) Women Educational Foundation.].
Book Synopsis Equal Pay for Equal Work? by : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee
Download or read book Equal Pay for Equal Work? written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :130 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Gender-based Wage Discrimination by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
Download or read book Gender-based Wage Discrimination written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gender Pay Differences: Progress Made, But Women Remain Overrepresented Among Low-Wage Workers by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Gender Pay Differences: Progress Made, But Women Remain Overrepresented Among Low-Wage Workers written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2012-06-02 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research by GAO and others has shown that women's average pay has been and remains lower than that of men. GAO was asked to examine the differences in representation, key characteristics, and pay among women and men (1) with less education and (2) with low wages. GAO defined less-educated workers as those having a high school degree or less and low-wage workers as those earning an hourly wage rate in the bottom quintile--or 20 percent--of wages across the workforce. GAO analyzed data from the Department of Labor's Current Population Survey (CPS); reviewed other work on similar topics; and interviewed agency officials, representatives of women's groups, and other researchers.
Book Synopsis Graduating to a Pay Gap by : Christianne Corbett
Download or read book Graduating to a Pay Gap written by Christianne Corbett and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women are paid significantly less than men are in nearly every occupation. Because pay equity affects women and their families in all walks of life, it is not surprising that many women consider the issue important. For more than 130 years, the American Association of University Women (aauw) has advocated for gender equity in education and the workplace. During this time, women have gone from a small minority on college campuses to a majority of the student body. Today, women make up half the workforce, but they continue to earn less than men do throughout their careers. Why does this gender pay gap persist? This question is a focal point of AAUW's research and advocacy work. This report finds that women working full time already earn less than their male counterparts do just one year after college graduation. Taking a closer look at the data, the authors find that women's choices--college major, occupation, hours at work--do account for part of the pay gap. But about one-third of the gap remains unexplained, suggesting that bias and discrimination are still problems in the workplace. A bibliography is included. (Contains 13 figures and 8 footnotes.).
Book Synopsis Women's Wages and Work in the Twentieth Century by : James P. Smith
Download or read book Women's Wages and Work in the Twentieth Century written by James P. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines reasons the reported wages of women have remained constant at approximately 59 percent of men's wages during the twentieth century, and looks for explanations for the remarkable growth in the proportion of women who work. The authors examined two factors, education and work experience, as determinants of women's wages, and concluded that the constancy of women's relative wages at the 59 percent level is a myth. Instead, they found that: (1) the wages of working women did not increase relative to those of men between 1920 and 1980 because the skill of working women did not increase relative to that of men in the same period; (2) the average wages of the entire population of women have increased much faster than the wages of men during the last 60 years; (3) women's wages relative to men's jumped significantly between 1980 and 1983; and (4) women's economic status will improve significantly relative to men's over the next 20 years. They identified three demographic forces that contributed to the long-term growth in the female labor force: the increasing nuclearization of the American family, the urbanization of its population, and the long-term secular decline in fertility.
Book Synopsis The Gender Wage Gap by : Melissa Higgins
Download or read book The Gender Wage Gap written by Melissa Higgins and published by Essential Library. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents facts about the gender wage gap, covering the battle for equal pay, factors that affect it, and the policies intended to fix the problem.
Book Synopsis Investing in America's Workforce by : Carl E. Van Horn
Download or read book Investing in America's Workforce written by Carl E. Van Horn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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